CN111111616A - Nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111111616A CN111111616A CN202010104306.7A CN202010104306A CN111111616A CN 111111616 A CN111111616 A CN 111111616A CN 202010104306 A CN202010104306 A CN 202010104306A CN 111111616 A CN111111616 A CN 111111616A
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- nitrogen
- adsorbent
- whole blood
- blood perfusion
- carbon sphere
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion and a preparation method thereof. The adsorbent is prepared by pre-oxidizing and carbonizing cross-linked nitrogen-base-containing copolymer microspheres with porous structures. The nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion prepared by the invention has good hydrophilicity and high blood compatibility, and can be suitable for whole blood perfusion; the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion prepared by the invention has high mechanical strength and high use safety. The nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion prepared by the invention can be suitable for the fields of drug poisoning, hepatic failure, renal failure, immunoadsorption and the like, and has higher adsorption and removal performance on protein-bound toxoid (such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, bilirubin, bile acid and the like).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an adsorbent for blood purification and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The blood perfusion is a treatment technology for leading the blood of a patient to extracorporeal circulation by means of power, and removing endogenous or exogenous toxicants or pathogenic substances in the blood of the patient through an adsorbent with a special adsorption function in a blood perfusion device so as to achieve blood purification. China has made more intensive research on the adsorbent for blood perfusion since the end of the last 70 th century and has been widely applied. Particularly, great results have been achieved in the aspects of drug poisoning, liver failure, renal failure, immunoadsorption and the like. Currently, perfusion adsorbents used in clinical applications include coated activated carbon, macroporous adsorbent resin, carbonized resin, DNA immunoadsorption, protein a immunoadsorption, and the like.
The preparation of the adsorbing material with good blood compatibility, high safety and good adsorption performance is the key point of the development of the blood perfusion technology. The activated carbon, the carbonized resin and the like are used as common blood perfusion porous carbon adsorption materials, and have high specific surface area and unique pore structure, so that the activated carbon, the carbonized resin and the like have good nonspecific adsorption effect on endogenous or exogenous toxicants or pathogenic substances in blood of a patient in blood perfusion. However, the porous carbon adsorption material directly contacts with blood, which can seriously damage the visible components of blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells and particularly blood platelets, and inevitably cause particles to fall off and enter blood flow to form micro-embolism, so a plasma perfusion mode is generally adopted, and the surface of the porous carbon adsorption material needs to be coated to improve the biocompatibility of the porous carbon adsorption material, but the adsorption performance of the material is sacrificed and reduced. In addition, the blood perfusion porous carbon adsorption material has an unsatisfactory effect of removing part of special pathogenic factor protein-bound toxoids (such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, bilirubin, bile acid and the like) in the fields of uremia toxin, liver disease and the like, and the application value of the material is limited.
How to improve the blood compatibility of the porous carbon adsorption material, the porous carbon adsorption material is suitable for whole blood perfusion, is used for treating drug poisoning, liver failure, renal failure, immunoadsorption and the like, endows the porous carbon adsorption material with good relative specificity adsorption effect on part of special pathogenic factors (such as protein-bound toxoid, bilirubin, bile acid and the like) in the fields of some uremic toxins, liver diseases and the like, widens the application range and the field, reduces the medical cost, benefits patients and is a technical problem and direction of the current blood perfusion adsorption resin material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion, which has good blood compatibility, high mechanical strength, strong adsorption performance, high adsorption efficiency, and high adsorption and removal performance for protein-bound toxoids (such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, bilirubin, bile acid, etc.) of special pathogenic factors in the fields of uremic toxins, liver diseases, etc.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion.
In order to realize the first purpose of the invention, the invention provides a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion, which is prepared by pre-oxidizing and carbonizing a crosslinking type porous structure nitrogen-containing monomer-based copolymer microsphere; the adsorbent is spherical particles, and the particle size is in the range of 0.01mm to 2 mm; the specific surface area of the adsorbent is 200-2000 m2/g。
The nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion is prepared by pre-oxidizing and carbonizing a nitrogen-containing monomer-based copolymer microsphere with a cross-linked porous structure. The method is characterized in that a nitrogen-containing monomer chain segment component is introduced into the traditional polymer microsphere material, a nitrogen-containing monomer is used as a nitrogen source, and complex chemical reaction occurs under the conditions of pre-oxidation and high-temperature carbonization treatment. In the pre-oxidation process, linear molecular chain structures such as nitrogen-containing monomers and the like in a nitrogen-containing monomer-based copolymer microsphere system with a cross-linked porous structure are converted into a heat-resistant and temperature-resistant cross-linked network structure through pre-oxidation, so that the functions of temperature resistance and no melting are achieved, and a foundation is laid for next carbonization. During the subsequent high-temperature carbonization process, a series of complex cracking and rearrangement reactions occur to the structural groups in the adsorbent, and the material is partially or completely carbonized during the carbonization process, so that the formation of a carbon sphere pore structure is facilitated. In addition, nitrogen in the molecular structure of the nitrogen-containing monomer component in the adsorbent is converted into different forms such as protonated pyridine type nitrogen, pyridone type nitrogen, pyrrole type nitrogen, isomeric forms, nitrogen oxides and the like under the combined action of preoxidation and carbonization, and finally the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent is formed.
In the formed nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent, different group structures of protonated pyridine type nitrogen, pyridone type nitrogen, pyrrole type nitrogen, isomeric forms, nitrogen oxides and the like are beneficial to the adsorption and removal functions of the adsorbent on some substances and the improvement of the blood compatibility of the adsorbent. Such as protonated pyridine, pyridine nitrogen, pyridone and pyrrole nitrogen and isomeric groups, and has certain charge property, so that the adsorption and removal performance of the adsorbent on special pathogenic factor protein-bound toxoids (such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, bilirubin, bile acid and the like) in the fields of uremia toxin, liver disease and the like can be improved; in the formed nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent, nitrogen-containing monomer groups, protonated pyridine, pyridine nitrogen, pyridone nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen, isomeric forms, nitrogen oxides and other different group structures, especially nitrogen oxide groups exist, so that the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent has good hydrophilicity, and further the blood compatibility of the material is improved. The nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent has a porous cross-linked structure, so that the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent has good adsorption performance in blood perfusion purification, can provide good mechanical strength and hydrophilicity, and has good adsorption and removal performance on special pathogenic factor protein-bound toxoid in the fields of uremia toxin, liver disease and the like.
The further technical proposal is that the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion is spherical particles with the particle size of 0.01mm to 2 mm; the specific surface area of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion is 200-2000 m2/g。
When the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion is in the range, good adsorption effect and blood compatibility can be obtained, and blood components are not damaged and liquid flow is not influenced.
In order to achieve the second object of the invention, the invention provides a preparation method of a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: suspension polymerization
An oil phase is composed of a nitrogen-containing monomer, a comonomer, a pore-forming agent and an oily initiator, the oil phase is subjected to suspension polymerization in a water phase composed of a dispersant and water, and the pore-forming agent in the polymerized resin is removed to obtain the nitrogen-containing copolymer microspheres with a cross-linked porous structure;
step two: preoxidation
Heating the nitrogen-containing copolymer microspheres with the cross-linking porous structure obtained in the step one in an air atmosphere to 200-300 ℃ for pre-oxidation for 0.5-5 h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
step three: carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step two to 400-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min in an inert atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 0.5-3 h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion.
The preparation method provided by the invention mainly comprises suspension polymerization, pre-oxidation and carbonization. Wherein the suspension polymerization is a cross-linking polymerization reaction of a comonomer and a nitrogen-containing monomer; the pore-foaming agent is used for forming a porous structure; in the system, the comonomer and the nitrogenous monomer can form different component structures such as a comonomer high-molecular chain segment, a poly nitrogenous monomer chain segment, a comonomer-nitrogenous monomer copolymer chain segment and the like through crosslinking polymerization, and the different component chain segment structures can form an internal microstructure due to phase separation, so that under the combined action of the pore-foaming agent, a specific pore size distribution is formed. By adopting the preparation method, the nitrogen-containing copolymer microspheres with the cross-linked porous structure are pre-oxidized, and the molecular chain segments in the microspheres are converted into a heat-resistant and temperature-resistant cross-linked network structure through pre-oxidation, so that the effects of temperature resistance and no melting can be achieved, and a foundation is laid for the next carbonization. By adopting the preparation method, through pre-oxidation, the collapse of an internal microstructure caused by directly carbonizing the nitrogen-containing copolymer microspheres with the crosslinking porous structure can be avoided, and the pore structure of the material is reserved; the invention combines pre-oxidation and carbonization, is beneficial to forming a group structure such as nitrogen oxide (N-O) on the adsorbent, can effectively improve the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent, and further endows the adsorbent with excellent blood compatibility. In the high-temperature carbonization process, a series of complex chemical reactions occur inside the adsorbent, and the material is partially or completely carbonized in the carbonization process, so that the formation of a carbon sphere pore structure is facilitated; on the other hand, in combination with preoxidation and carbonization, nitrogen in the structure of the adsorbent material can be converted into different group structures such as protonated pyridine, pyridine nitrogen, pyridone and pyrrole nitrogen, isomeric forms and the like, so that the adsorbent is endowed with adsorption and removal performance on special pathogenic factor protein binding toxoid in the fields of uremic toxin, liver disease and the like. Meanwhile, by adopting the preparation method, the prepared nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion has higher mechanical strength.
The further technical scheme is that in the step one, the nitrogen-containing monomer is at least one of vinylpyridine, acrylonitrile and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; in step one, the comonomer is styrene, methyl styrene, ethyl styrene, divinyl benzene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, acrylamide, isobutyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, glycerol trimethylolpropane ether triacrylate, polydipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol o-phenylphenyl ether acrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, triethoxy trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol-co-acrylate), poly (ethylene glycol-methacrylate) (co-acrylate-methacrylate), poly (ethylene glycol-co-acrylate-methacrylate-acrylate-, At least one of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; the pore-foaming agent is at least one of toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isooctyl alcohol, white oil, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol or methylcyclohexane; the oily initiator is at least one of benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile; the dispersing agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, cellulose derivatives or polyacrylamide.
The further technical scheme is that in the step one, the mass ratio of the comonomer, the nitrogen-containing monomer, the pore-forming agent and the oily initiator in the oil phase is 100: (0.1-200): (20-300): (0.1 to 10); the mass ratio of water to the dispersing agent in the water phase is 100: (0.005-5); the mass ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 100: (10-100); the reaction temperature of the suspension polymerization is 40-90 ℃, and the polymerization time is 2-24 hours.
The further technical scheme is that in the third step, the inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere or argon atmosphere.
The nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion can enable the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent to have a specific pore structure by controlling preparation condition parameters, such as adjusting the type and content of a monomer and adjusting the type and content of a pore-forming agent in suspension polymerization and combining preoxidation and carbonization process control, and can ensure the adsorption and removal performance of endogenous or exogenous toxicants or pathogenic substances in blood while providing mechanical strength and blood compatibility.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion prepared by the invention has good hydrophilicity and high blood compatibility, and can be suitable for whole blood perfusion;
2. the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion prepared by the invention has high mechanical strength and high use safety.
3. The nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion prepared by the invention can be suitable for the fields of drug poisoning, hepatic failure, renal failure, immunoadsorption and the like, and has higher adsorption and removal performance on protein-bound toxoid (such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, bilirubin, bile acid and the like).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical and scanning electron micrograph of nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a Raman spectrum and an N1s spectrum of XPS of a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent prepared in example 1. .
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Suspension polymerization
Uniformly stirring 40g of styrene, 60g of divinylbenzene, 100g of acrylonitrile, 160g of toluene and 2g of azobisisobutyronitrile to form an oil phase; mixing 400g of water and 2g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 65 ℃ for 12 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 250 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 2h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 2h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 0.3-1 mm.
FIG. 1 is an optical and scanning electron micrograph of a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent obtained in this example. As can be seen from the figure, the prepared adsorbent is spherical and has a smooth surface; the surface of the microsphere is provided with mesopores, and the interior of the microsphere is provided with a through pore structure.
FIG. 2 Raman spectra and XPS spectrum of N1s of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent obtained in this example. As can be seen from the Raman image, many characteristic peaks originally belonging to the non-carbonized polymeric microspheres have disappeared and are on the nitrogen-rich carbon spheres at 1300cm-1And 1580 cm-1A D-peak representing a defect of a crystal lattice of C atoms and a G-peak representing in-plane stretching vibration of sp2 hybridization of C atoms appear in the vicinity, and it is seen that the polymerized microspheres are converted into a carbon sphere adsorbent containing a graphite component by heat treatment. From the XPS spectrum of N1s of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent, it can be seen that nitrogen-containing groups such as pyridine, pyridine-type nitrogen, pyridone, pyrrole-type nitrogen, and nitrogen oxide appear in the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent after the heat treatment.
Comparative example 1-1
The adsorbent of this comparative example was not subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization.
Uniformly stirring 40g of styrene, 60g of divinylbenzene, 100g of acrylonitrile, 160g of toluene and 2g of azobisisobutyronitrile to form an oil phase; mixing 400g of water and 2g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 65 ℃ for 12 hours, and removing the pore-forming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain the polymeric microspheres as a control example.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
The adsorbent in this comparative example was acrylonitrile-free.
(1) Suspension polymerization
80g of styrene, 20g of divinylbenzene, 160g of toluene and 1g of azobisisobutyronitrile are uniformly stirred to form an oil phase; mixing 300g of water and 1.66g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 65 ℃ for 12 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 250 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 2h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 2h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 0.3-1 mm.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
The adsorbent in this comparative example was obtained by directly carbonizing the polymeric microspheres obtained by suspension polymerization in example 1 without pre-oxidation. The resulting whole blood stream was found to bind during carbonization of the microspheres with a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent.
Example 2
(1) Suspension polymerization
An oil phase is formed by uniformly stirring 50g of methyl methacrylate, 50g of divinylbenzene, 150g of vinylpyridine, 200g of xylene and 3g of azobisisoheptonitrile; mixing 800g of water and 20g of gelatin, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 230 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 2h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 1h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 1-2 mm.
Comparative example 2-1
The adsorbent of this comparative example was not subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization.
An oil phase is formed by uniformly stirring 50g of methyl methacrylate, 50g of divinylbenzene, 150g of vinylpyridine, 200g of xylene and 3g of azobisisoheptonitrile; mixing 800g of water and 20g of gelatin, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending for 5 hours at 70 ℃, removing the pore-forming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization, and obtaining the polymeric microspheres as a comparison example.
Comparative example 2-2
The adsorbent in this comparative example was not introduced with vinylpyridine.
(1) Suspension polymerization
Uniformly stirring 50g of methyl methacrylate, 50g of divinylbenzene, 200g of xylene and 3g of azodiisoheptanonitrile to form an oil phase; 650g of water and 18g of gelatin are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 230 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 2h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 1h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 1-2 mm.
Comparative examples 2 to 3
The adsorbent in this comparative example was obtained by directly carbonizing the polymeric microspheres obtained by suspension polymerization in example 2 without pre-oxidation. The resulting whole blood stream was found to bind during carbonization of the microspheres with a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent.
Example 3
(1) Suspension polymerization
Uniformly stirring 30g of methyl styrene, 70g of 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, 40g of acrylonitrile, 10g of vinyl pyridine, 100g of ethyl acetate and 1g of benzoyl peroxide to form an oil phase; mixing 350g of water and 3.5g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 68 ℃ for 8 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 250 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 2h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 3 hours to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm.
Control 3
The adsorbent of this comparative example was not subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization.
Uniformly stirring 30g of methyl styrene, 70g of 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, 40g of acrylonitrile, 10g of vinyl pyridine, 100g of ethyl acetate and 1g of benzoyl peroxide to form an oil phase; mixing 350g of water and 3.5g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending for 8 hours at 68 ℃, removing the pore-forming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization, and obtaining the polymeric microspheres as a comparison example.
Example 4
(1) Suspension polymerization
10g of styrene, 90g of divinylbenzene, 0.1g of acrylonitrile, 150g of toluene, 150g of methylcyclohexane and 0.11g of azobisisobutyronitrile are stirred uniformly to form an oil phase; mixing 4000g of water and 0.2g of polyvinyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 200 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 5h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 3 hours to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 0.01-0.5 mm.
Control 4
The adsorbent of this comparative example was not subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization.
10g of styrene, 90g of divinylbenzene, 0.1g of acrylonitrile, 150g of toluene, 150g of methylcyclohexane and 0.11g of azobisisobutyronitrile are stirred uniformly to form an oil phase; mixing 4000g of water and 0.2g of polyvinyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and removing the pore-forming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain the polymeric microspheres as a control example.
Example 5
(1) Suspension polymerization
Uniformly stirring 90g of styrene, 10g of divinylbenzene, 150g of acrylonitrile, 48g of vinylpyridine, 2g of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 20g of isooctyl alcohol and 30g of benzoyl peroxide to form an oil phase; mixing 600g of water and 30g of polyacrylamide, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 90 ℃ for 2 hours, and removing the pore-foaming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain polymeric microspheres;
(2) preoxidation
Heating the polymeric microspheres obtained in the step (1) to 300 ℃ in an air atmosphere for pre-oxidation for 0.5h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
(3) carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step (2) to 800 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 0.5h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion with the particle size of 0.3-1.1 mm.
Control 5
The adsorbent of this comparative example was not subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization.
Uniformly stirring 90g of styrene, 10g of divinylbenzene, 150g of acrylonitrile, 48g of vinylpyridine, 2g of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 20g of isooctyl alcohol and 30g of benzoyl peroxide to form an oil phase; mixing 600g of water and 30g of polyacrylamide, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, stirring and suspending at 90 ℃ for 2 hours, and removing the pore-forming agent in the resin obtained by polymerization to obtain the polymeric microspheres as a control example.
For the adsorbents obtained in the above examples and the corresponding comparative examples, respectively, mechanical strength of the adsorbent, evaluation of hemolysis and platelet adhesion, pore size distribution and evaluation of adsorption performance were performed in this order.
(1) Evaluation of mechanical Strength of adsorbent
The compressive strength of the particles and the sphericity ratio after grinding of the resin were respectively measured by a particle strength tester and a ball mill, and the mechanical strength of the adsorbent was comprehensively evaluated, with the results as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 resin Strength test results of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the adsorbents of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention have significantly higher particle strength and sphericity after grinding, compared to the adsorbents of comparative examples 1 to 2, comparative examples 2 to 2, and the like, which do not contain acrylonitrile. The invention is shown that the mechanical strength of the porous resin adsorbent can be effectively improved by introducing acrylonitrile into the system. In addition, the adsorbents of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention retained higher mechanical strength of the resin particles after being subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization, compared to the adsorbents of comparative example 1-1, comparative example 2-1, and the like, which were not subjected to pre-oxidation and carbonization.
(2) Hemolysis and platelet adhesion were evaluated as follows:
hemolysis and platelet adhesion assays were tested according to GB/T16886.4-2003 and GB/T16175-1996. See table 2 below for results.
Table 2: evaluation data of hemolysis and platelet adhesion in examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the results in table 2, examples 1 to 5 had extremely low hemolysis rate and platelet adhesion rate, exhibiting excellent blood compatibility; and the hemolysis rate and the platelet adhesion rate were significantly reduced as compared with comparative examples 1-2 and 2-2. The introduction of hydrophilic groups into the system can improve the blood compatibility of the material. Among them, it can be found from comparison between example 1 and comparative example 1-1, and between example 2 and comparative example 2-1 that example 1 and example 2, which were subjected to the pre-oxidation and carbonization treatments, had lower hemolysis rate and platelet adhesion rate, showing better blood compatibility. Meanwhile, the adsorbents of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention all showed excellent biocompatibility results when tested for biocompatibility such as cytotoxicity, thrombosis, coagulation, complement activation, immunity, etc.
(3) Pore size distribution
The specific surface area and pore analyzer and the N2 adsorption-desorption method are adopted to determine the pore diameter and specific surface area data of the resin.
TABLE 3 evaluation data of pore structures of examples and comparative examples
From the comparison of the examples with the comparative examples, it is understood that adsorbents having different pore structures can be obtained by changing the preparation process conditions.
(4) The operating method for the adsorption performance evaluation is as follows:
10ml of plasma solutions containing Dimethoate, sodium pentobarbital, interleukin 6(IL-6), TNF- α, PTH, bilirubin, bile acid, PCS, and IS were added to 1ml of the adsorption resins obtained in the above examples and comparative examples, and after shaking at 37 ℃ for 2 hours, changes in the adsorbed substances were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in tables 4 and 5 below.
Table 4: adsorption Performance data of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the adsorbents prepared in examples 1 to 5 all have high adsorption rates to parathyroid hormone (PTH), dimethoate, sodium pentobarbital, interleukin IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-a; compared with the comparison examples 1-2 and 2-2, the adsorbents prepared by the adsorbents (examples 1-5, 1-1 and 2-1) introduced with acrylonitrile into the system of the invention show obviously extremely low protein adsorption rate and excellent blood compatibility; from comparison between example 1 and comparative example 1-1, and example 2 and comparative example 2-1, it can be seen that example 1 and example 2, which were subjected to the pre-oxidation and carbonization treatments, had lower protein adsorption rates, showing better blood compatibility.
Table 5: adsorption Performance data for protein-bound toxins of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the results in table 5, the adsorbents prepared in examples 1 to 5 have excellent adsorption performance on protein-bound toxoids such as total bilirubin, total bile acid, Indoxyl Sulfate (IS), and paracresol sulfate (PCS), and are significantly superior to adsorbent materials without acrylonitrile; from comparison between example 1 and comparative example 1-1, and between example 2 and comparative example 2-1, it was found that example 1 and example 2, which were subjected to the pre-oxidation and carbonization treatments, had more excellent adsorption rates of the protein-bound toxoid.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples of implementations, not limitations, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and any changes, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion is prepared by pre-oxidizing and carbonizing a nitrogen-containing based copolymer microsphere with a cross-linked porous structure; the adsorbent is spherical particles, and the particle size is in the range of 0.01mm to 2 mm; the specific surface area of the adsorbent is 200-2000 m2/g。
2. A preparation method of a nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: suspension polymerization
An oil phase is composed of a nitrogen-containing monomer, a comonomer, a pore-forming agent and an oily initiator, the oil phase is subjected to suspension polymerization in a water phase composed of a dispersant and water, and the pore-forming agent in the polymerized resin is removed to obtain the nitrogen-containing copolymer microspheres with a cross-linked porous structure;
step two: preoxidation
Heating the nitrogen-containing copolymer microspheres with the cross-linking porous structure obtained in the step one in an air atmosphere to 200-300 ℃ for pre-oxidation for 0.5-5 h to obtain pre-oxidized microspheres;
step three: carbonizing
And (3) heating the pre-oxidized microspheres obtained in the step two to 400-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min in an inert atmosphere, and carrying out heat preservation carbonization treatment for 0.5-3 h to obtain the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion.
3. The preparation method of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, the nitrogen-containing monomer is at least one of vinylpyridine, acrylonitrile and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride;
the comonomer is styrene, methyl styrene, ethyl styrene, divinyl benzene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, acrylamide, isobutyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, glycerol trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polydipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol o-phenylphenyl ether acrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, triethoxy trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) triacrylate, poly (propylene glycol) triacrylate, poly (, At least one of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; the pore-foaming agent is at least one of toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isooctyl alcohol, white oil, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol or methylcyclohexane; the oily initiator is at least one of benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile; the dispersing agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, cellulose derivatives or polyacrylamide.
4. The preparation method of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, the mass ratio of the comonomer, the nitrogen-containing monomer, the pore-forming agent and the oily initiator in the oil phase is 100: (0.1-200): (20-300): (0.1 to 10); the mass ratio of water to the dispersing agent in the water phase is 100: (0.005-5); the mass ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 100: (10-100); the reaction temperature of the suspension polymerization is 40-90 ℃, and the polymerization time is 2-24 hours.
5. The preparation method of the nitrogen-rich carbon sphere adsorbent for whole blood perfusion according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the third step, the inert atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere or an argon atmosphere.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114106407A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 泉州师范学院 | Blood perfusion adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114100588A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 泉州师范学院 | Nitrogen-containing functional group ultrahigh cross-linking adsorbent, preparation method thereof and blood perfusion apparatus |
| CN114405488A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏贝美医疗科技有限公司 | Protein-bound toxoid blood perfusion adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114106407A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 泉州师范学院 | Blood perfusion adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114100588A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 泉州师范学院 | Nitrogen-containing functional group ultrahigh cross-linking adsorbent, preparation method thereof and blood perfusion apparatus |
| CN114106407B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-09-29 | 泉州师范学院 | Blood perfusion adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114100588B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2024-03-22 | 泉州师范学院 | Nitrogen-containing functional group ultrahigh crosslinked adsorbent, preparation method thereof and blood perfusion device |
| CN114405488A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏贝美医疗科技有限公司 | Protein-bound toxoid blood perfusion adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114405488B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-08-25 | 江苏贝美医疗科技有限公司 | Protein-bound toxoid blood perfusion adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof |
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