CN111107136A - Block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS, which is used for building a relay network to realize cross-chain transaction verification and data sharing from an original chain to a target chain and comprises the following steps: synchronizing original chain data through a relay network, and storing a synchronized original chain block by adopting an IPFS network; the relay network calls a relay contract to send the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain to the target chain; after the target chain receives the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain, the stored original chain block chain head information is used for confirming that the transaction from the original chain is legal and the confirmation of the subsequent block of the original chain is obtained, and original chain data synchronized in the IPFS network is inquired through the relay network. The invention improves the safety of transaction verification and the cross-chain storage efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS.
Background
With the continuous development of the block chain technology, various forms such as public chains, alliance chains and private chains appear, but each block chain is an independent consensus network, information isolation forms a value island effect of the block chain, the value, the information and the like of the block chains cannot be communicated, and the expansibility of the block chains is severely limited. The chain crossing means that information and values on originally different and independent block chains are exchanged and circulated through technical means. The cross-link can be understood as a bridge or a mechanism, the distributed network is different information islands, and a seat bridge is built on the information islands through the cross-link mechanism. However, in a cross-chain scenario, since the blockchain system itself is a relatively closed system and lacks a mechanism for actively acquiring external information, it is not easy to confirm the transaction state of another chain, and therefore, the biggest difficulty faced by cross-chain is how to verify the transaction state on the original chain in a distributed manner, process nodes of cross-chain without doing malicious work, and implement secure sharing of data.
The relay chain is a mainstream cross-chain technical implementation scheme at present, and is a blockchain system capable of verifying and reading events or states on another blockchain. When the exchange of value and information is carried out between chains, the relay chain is equivalent to a channel for exchanging between the chains, the transaction between the block chains is connected, and the relay chain can realize that a target chain can read the original chain more directly, such as the transaction on the original chain is verified through verifying the information of the block head of the original chain, the Mercker tree and the like. The relay technology does not depend on a trusted third party to help the trusted third party to conduct transaction verification, and can be verified by the relay technology after data is taken, and specifically: 1. a transaction is proven to have occurred in the blockchain by the blockhead using SPV ("simple Payment Verification"). 2. At the final step of the transaction, a sufficient number of confirmation blocks is waited for a "final certainty" verification.
The invention discloses a block chain-based cross-chain data interaction method and a cross-chain data interaction system, which are provided by the existing scheme and are disclosed in the patent application CN 109919615A. The invention provides a block chain-based cross-link data interaction method, which comprises a node selection step, an initialization step and a cross-link data transmission step, wherein when the main chain transmits cross-link data to the side chain, the operation node performs main chain block synchronous processing on the main chain, and then performs main chain data synchronous processing on the main chain in a data signature mode; when the side chain transmits cross-chain data to the main chain, the operation node performs side chain block synchronous processing on the side chain, and then performs side chain data synchronous processing on the side chain in a data signature mode.
Although the invention patent application CN 109919615a realizes interaction and sharing of main chain and side chain data by synchronizing block data of an original chain, the method for storing full block data of an original chain occupies a storage space of a target chain, and affects the operation efficiency of the target chain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS, which improves the safety of transaction verification and cross-chain storage efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS is provided, a relay network is built to realize cross-chain transaction verification and data sharing from an original chain to a target chain, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) synchronizing original chain data through a relay network, and storing a synchronized original chain block by adopting an IPFS network;
(2) the relay network calls a relay contract to send the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain to the target chain;
(3) after the target chain receives the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain, whether the transaction from the original chain is legal or not and whether the confirmation of the subsequent block of the original chain is obtained or not is judged by utilizing the stored original chain block head information;
(4) when the transaction from the original chain is legal and has been confirmed by the subsequent blocks of the original chain, the target chain inquires original chain data synchronized in the IPFS network through the relay network.
The step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) a relay node in a relay network receives a new block notification of an original chain;
(12) the relay node analyzes the original chain block;
(13) the relay node verifies the block and all transactions, and if the verification fails, the block is discarded; if the block passes the verification, storing the block in the IPFS network;
(14) the IPFS network returns the address of the block on the IPFS network to the relay node;
(15) the relay node calls a relay contract and submits the block head and the address of the block head on the IPFS network to a target chain as a transaction record;
(16) the target chain consensus stores the original chain block record submitted by the relay node and returns a transaction structure to the relay contract;
(17) and the relay contract returns the transaction state and the ID to the relay node to complete the synchronization of the cross-link blocks.
A step of judging whether a missing block exists by the relay node is further included between the step (12) and the step (13), and specifically, the step is as follows: the relay node checks whether the previous block exists in the target chain network, if not, the relay node requests the original chain for the missing block until finding a block already existing in the target chain or a created block of the original chain, the original chain returns the missing block to the relay node, and the relay node synchronizes all blocks before the current block from the earliest block in sequence.
The step (3) specifically comprises the following substeps:
(31) the relay contract calculates a transaction hash value according to the transaction information, and broadcasts and inquires the transaction to a relay node in the relay network to obtain a transaction certificate;
(32) the relay node returns the transaction certificate to the relay contract; the transaction proof is a Mercker tree structure formed by related transactions;
(33) the relay contract verifies the transaction according to the transaction hash value and the hash value of the Mercker tree root calculated by the transaction proof, and the verification comprises the following steps: calculating a root hash positioning block head of the Mercker tree;
(34) and the target link node confirms the transaction and calculates whether the transaction safety confirmation requirement is met according to the block head position.
The step (4) specifically comprises the following substeps:
(41) the relay contract checks the identity of the user who initiates the shared data query request, and authorizes the user after the identity passes;
(42) the relay contract initiates a query to a relay node in the relay network;
(43) the relay node checks the identity and authorization and provides authorization service;
(44) when the identity and authorization verification passes, the relay node inquires the shared data index and provides data index and inquiry service;
(45) if the full transaction data needs to be inquired, the relay node loads shared data from the IPFS network;
(46) the IPFS network returns block information;
(47) and the relay node returns the shared data query result to the target chain.
Advantageous effects
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: compared with the traditional cross-chain transaction verification method, the verification of block synchronization is added, the block data is stored in the IPFS network, the block legality is verified, and then cross-chain is carried out, so that the transaction verification safety is improved. The invention introduces IPFS to store larger synchronous block data, saves a large amount of space on the chain and improves the cross-chain storage efficiency. The method stores the synchronous block data in the IPFS system, improves the safety of data storage by means of the safety of the IPFS network, and is more convenient, faster and safer than the method that a target chain directly accesses the original chain node to obtain the data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a synchronization timing diagram in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of transaction verification in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a timing diagram of data sharing in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS, which can be applied to any independent block chain, and can be used for building a relay network to realize cross-chain transaction verification and data sharing from an original chain to a target chain. The relay network may be deployed in the destination chain or may be a separate block chain. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps: synchronizing original chain data through a relay network, and storing a synchronized original chain block by adopting an IPFS network; the relay network calls a relay contract to send the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain to the target chain; after the target chain receives the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain, whether the transaction from the original chain is legal or not and whether the confirmation of the subsequent block of the original chain is obtained or not is judged by utilizing the stored original chain block head information; when the transaction from the original chain is legal and has been confirmed by the subsequent blocks of the original chain, the target chain inquires original chain data synchronized in the IPFS network through the relay network.
Therefore, the method applies the IPFS technology to the relay chain technology to form a cross-chain relay method, firstly, the validity of the synchronous block is verified through the full-block distributed storage of the IPFS network, then, the transaction state is verified through the block head distributed storage of the relay chain, and the combination of the two can avoid the malicious operation of cross-chain nodes. The invention solves the problem of cross-link block storage by applying IPFS technology, and all synchronous blocks have IPFS network, thus realizing the balance of block storage and data sharing.
The relay network in this embodiment is configured by one or more relay nodes, and each relay node includes a relay application module, a relay contract module, and an IPFS file storage module. The relay application module is installed in the relay node and is responsible for the identity registration and verification of the relay node; saving the node certificate and the key; receiving a synchronous data message; recording the block head and the IPFS address of the original chain; a relay contract is called, and the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain are sent to a target chain; and providing a primary chain transaction check and query entrance. The relay contract module comprises a synchronization contract and a verification contract, is composed of script codes, is deployed in a target link node, is responsible for synchronizing and verifying an original link block, and performs transaction verification and confirmation on original link data. The IPFS file storage module comprises sub-modules of a cross-chain block file, an interplanetary name, content addressing and the like, and is mainly used for storing cross-chain block data, generating an interplanetary address, providing full data verification for block synchronization and providing an address and an entrance for cross-chain data sharing.
One or more relay nodes are required to operate in a target chain, and the relay nodes form a relay network and are responsible for tasks of block storage, synchronization and partial verification transaction; the target link point deploys a relay contract for receiving the original link block. The synchronization timing is shown in fig. 2.
The synchronization is described as follows:
1) the relay node receives a new block notification of an original chain;
2) the relay node analyzes the original chain block;
3) the relay node checks whether the previous block exists in the target chain network, if the previous block is missed, the previous step is continued until a block which already exists in the target chain (or a created block of the original chain) is found, and all the previous blocks of the current block are synchronized from the earliest block in sequence;
4) returning the missing block to the relay node by the original chain;
5) the relay node sequentially analyzes the received blocks one by one, verifies the blocks and all transactions;
6) if the verification fails, discarding the block; if the block passes the verification, storing the block in the IPFS network;
7) the IPFS network returns the address of the block on the IPFS network;
8) the relay node calls a relay contract and submits the block head and the address of the block head on the IPFS network to a target chain as a transaction record;
9) the target chain consensus stores the original chain block record submitted by the relay node;
10) the target chain returns the transaction structure to the relay contract;
11) and the relay contract returns the transaction state and the ID to the relay node, and the cross-link block is synchronously completed.
The relay contract is used to confirm on the destination chain that the transaction from the original chain is legitimate and has been confirmed by the subsequent blocks of the original chain using the saved original chain blockchain header information. The timing sequence is shown in fig. 3.
The verification process is as follows:
1) the relay contract receives the transaction information to be verified, and the initiator can be a user wallet or other intelligent contracts;
2) the relay contract calculates a transaction hash value according to the transaction information;
3) broadcasting a query for the transaction within the relay network to obtain a transaction certificate (containing the Mercker tree structure for the transaction);
4) the relay network returns the transaction certificate to the relay contract; the transaction proof is a Merck tree structure formed by related transactions;
5) the relay contract calculates the hash value of the Mercker tree root according to the transaction hash value and the certification thereof to verify the transaction, and the verification comprises the following steps: and calculating the root hash positioning block head of the Mercker tree.
6) The target chain confirms the transaction, and calculates whether the transaction safety confirmation requirement is met according to the block head position (for example, the bit currency network confirms that at least 6 block confirmations are needed for one transaction).
7) And returning a transaction certification result by the target chain, wherein if the confirmed block number reaches the transaction safety confirmation requirement, the transaction verification is passed, otherwise, the transaction verification is not passed.
The target chain can inquire the synchronized original chain data through the relay software installed on the relay node. The timing sequence is shown in fig. 4.
The sharing process is as follows:
1) the authorized user initiates a shared data query request to the relay contract,
2) the relay contract checks identity and authorization, and authorization information is stored in a target link network;
3) the relay contract initiates a query to the relay node;
4) the relay node checks the identity and authorization, and the relay application provides authorization service;
5) the identity and authorization verification is passed, the relay node inquires the shared data index, and the relay application provides data index and inquiry service;
6) if the full transaction data needs to be inquired, the relay node loads shared data from the IPFS network;
7) the IPFS network returns block information;
8) the relay node returns a shared data query result to the target chain;
9) the target chain returns the query result to the user.
If necessary, transaction verification can be carried out, and if the transaction data passes the verification, the transaction data can be safely shared and utilized. In implementation, the relay module may also index the block data shared on all IPFS networks in advance to facilitate subsequent data query.
Compared with the traditional cross-chain transaction verification method, the verification of block synchronization is added, the block data is stored in the IPFS network, the block legality is verified, and then cross-chain is carried out, so that the transaction verification safety is improved. The invention introduces IPFS to store larger synchronous block data, saves a large amount of space on the chain and improves the cross-chain storage efficiency. The method stores the synchronous block data in the IPFS system, improves the safety of data storage by means of the safety of the IPFS network, and is more convenient, faster and safer than the method that a target chain directly accesses the original chain node to obtain the data.
Claims (5)
1. A block chain cross-chain relay method based on IPFS builds a relay network to realize cross-chain transaction verification and data sharing from an original chain to a target chain, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) synchronizing original chain data through a relay network, and storing a synchronized original chain block by adopting an IPFS network;
(2) the relay network calls a relay contract to send the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain to the target chain;
(3) after the target chain receives the block head and the block IPFS address of the original chain, whether the transaction from the original chain is legal or not and whether the confirmation of the subsequent block of the original chain is obtained or not is judged by utilizing the stored original chain block head information;
(4) when the transaction from the original chain is legal and has been confirmed by the subsequent blocks of the original chain, the target chain inquires original chain data synchronized in the IPFS network through the relay network.
2. The IPFS-based blockchain cross-link relay method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) specifically comprises the steps of:
(11) a relay node in a relay network receives a new block notification of an original chain;
(12) the relay node analyzes the original chain block;
(13) the relay node verifies the block and all transactions, and if the verification fails, the block is discarded; if the block passes the verification, storing the block in the IPFS network;
(14) the IPFS network returns the address of the block on the IPFS network to the relay node;
(15) the relay node calls a relay contract and submits the block head and the address of the block head on the IPFS network to a target chain as a transaction record;
(16) the target chain consensus stores the original chain block record submitted by the relay node and returns a transaction structure to the relay contract;
(17) and the relay contract returns the transaction state and the ID to the relay node to complete the synchronization of the cross-link blocks.
3. The IPFS-based block chain cross-link relay method according to claim 1, wherein a step of the relay node determining whether there is a missing block is further included between the step (12) and the step (13), and specifically, the step of the relay node determining whether there is a missing block is: the relay node checks whether the previous block exists in the target chain network, if not, the relay node requests the original chain for the missing block until finding a block already existing in the target chain or a created block of the original chain, the original chain returns the missing block to the relay node, and the relay node synchronizes all blocks before the current block from the earliest block in sequence.
4. The IPFS-based blockchain cross-link relay method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises the following sub-steps:
(31) the relay contract calculates a transaction hash value according to the transaction information, and broadcasts and inquires the transaction to a relay node in the relay network to obtain a transaction certificate;
(32) the relay node returns the transaction certificate to the relay contract; the transaction proof is a Mercker tree structure formed by related transactions;
(33) the relay contract verifies the transaction according to the transaction hash value and the hash value of the Mercker tree root calculated by the transaction proof, and the verification comprises the following steps: calculating a root hash positioning block head of the Mercker tree;
(34) and the target link node confirms the transaction and calculates whether the transaction safety confirmation requirement is met according to the block head position.
5. The IPFS-based blockchain cross-link relay method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) comprises the following sub-steps:
(41) the relay contract checks the identity of the user who initiates the shared data query request, and authorizes the user after the identity passes;
(42) the relay contract initiates a query to a relay node in the relay network;
(43) the relay node checks the identity and authorization and provides authorization service;
(44) when the identity and authorization verification passes, the relay node inquires the shared data index and provides data index and inquiry service;
(45) if the full transaction data needs to be inquired, the relay node loads shared data from the IPFS network;
(46) the IPFS network returns block information;
(47) and the relay node returns the shared data query result to the target chain.
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