CN111106685A - Permanent magnet motor based on magnetic pole special-shaped array - Google Patents
Permanent magnet motor based on magnetic pole special-shaped array Download PDFInfo
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- CN111106685A CN111106685A CN201911196332.0A CN201911196332A CN111106685A CN 111106685 A CN111106685 A CN 111106685A CN 201911196332 A CN201911196332 A CN 201911196332A CN 111106685 A CN111106685 A CN 111106685A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet motors and discloses a permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array. The motor comprises a stator, a rotor, a machine shell and a rotating shaft, wherein the outer circle surface of the stator is fixed on the inner circle surface of the machine shell, the rotor is arranged in the stator and fixed on the rotating shaft, a preset air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator, the stator comprises a stator core and a three-phase stator winding, when three-phase symmetrical alternating current is conducted on the three-phase stator winding, a rotating magnetic field with the number of 2p poles is formed, and p is a positive integer; the rotor comprises a sheath, p-pole permanent magnets and a rotor core, the sheath is used for protecting the rotor, each pole of permanent magnet is of a structure with a plurality of special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnets, and the p-pole permanent magnets are connected with the rotor core in a dovetail groove mode. Therefore, the problems of poor sine property of the air gap flux density, low mechanical strength and the like of the surface-mounted permanent magnet motor rotor can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, in particular to a permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array.
Background
The conventional surface-mounted permanent magnet motor is a radial magnetizing permanent magnet motor, the tile-shaped permanent magnet is positioned on the outer surface of a rotor core in the structure, the permanent magnet provides radial magnetic flux, and a non-magnetic-conducting sheath which plays a role in protection is generally sleeved between the outer surface of the permanent magnet and the inner circle of the stator core.
The surface-mounted permanent magnet motor structure is easy to obtain rectangular wave air gap flux density, so that the motor counter potential waveform is seriously distorted and the torque fluctuation is large. The air gap flux density waveform sine performance can be improved by the eccentric design of the tile-shaped permanent magnet, however, the contact area of the permanent magnet and the sheath is greatly reduced by the design of the eccentric permanent magnet, so that the mechanical strength is insufficient when the rotor rotates at high speed, the risk that the permanent magnet moves, flies out or is cracked due to the overlarge centrifugal force exists, and the reliability of the motor is reduced. In addition, the mechanical strength of the rotor has certain requirements on the thickness of the sheath, and the increase of the thickness of the sheath is equivalent to the increase of the thickness of the air gap, so that the performance of the motor is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array, and can solve the problems of poor sine property of the air gap flux density, low mechanical strength and the like of a surface-mounted permanent magnet motor rotor in the prior art.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array comprises a stator, a rotor, a machine shell and a rotating shaft, wherein the outer circle surface of the stator is fixed on the inner circle surface of the machine shell, the rotor is arranged in the stator and fixed on the rotating shaft, a preset air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator,
the stator comprises a stator core and a three-phase stator winding, and when three-phase symmetrical alternating current is conducted to the three-phase stator winding, a rotating magnetic field with the number of 2p poles is formed, wherein p is a positive integer;
the rotor comprises a sheath, p-pole permanent magnets and a rotor core, the sheath is used for protecting the rotor, each pole of permanent magnet is of a structure with a plurality of special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnets, and the p-pole permanent magnets are connected with the rotor core in a dovetail groove mode.
Preferably, each pole of permanent magnet is a 2-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 2-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet and a tangential magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent poles of permanent magnets are opposite.
Preferably, the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficient of the tangentially magnetized permanent magnet isp1)。
Preferably, each pole of permanent magnet is of a 3-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 3-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet, an β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and a- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent poles of permanent magnets are opposite.
Preferably, the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficients of the β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and the- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet are both (1- α)p1)/2。
Preferably, each pole of permanent magnet is of a 4-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 4-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet, a tangential magnetizing permanent magnet, an β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and a- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent poles of permanent magnets are opposite.
Preferably, the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1The pole arc coefficient of the tangential magnetizing permanent magnet is αp2In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficients of the β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and the- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet are both (1- α)p1-αp2)/2。
Preferably, the stator core is made of silicon steel sheets, amorphous ferromagnetic composite materials, SMC soft magnetic composite materials or iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy materials.
Preferably, the rotor core is made of silicon steel sheets or solid magnetic conductive materials.
Preferably, the sheath is made of a non-magnetic conductive metal material or a composite material, the permanent magnet is made of ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron, and the rotating shaft is made of a magnetic conductive or non-magnetic conductive metal material.
Through the technical scheme, the motor rotor can adopt a multi-block special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure (namely, a segmented special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure), the special-shaped array structure can greatly reduce an air gap harmonic magnetic field, effectively improve the sine of counter electromotive force, improve the output torque of the motor and reduce the torque fluctuation of the motor. And the special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet is connected with the rotor core in a dovetail groove mode, so that the assembly process of the special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet can be simplified, and the permanent magnet is prevented from moving along the circumferential direction. In addition, the outer surface of the special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet is in full-area contact with the inner surface of the sheath, the permanent magnet is uniformly stressed when the rotor rotates at a high speed, the mechanical strength of the rotor is further ensured by the dovetail groove connection mode, the thickness of the sheath can be properly reduced, and the performance of the motor is improved. The permanent magnet motor has the advantages of simple structure, high power density, high mechanical strength, high reliability and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor with 2 special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnets per pole permanent magnet in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor with 3 special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnets per pole permanent magnet in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor with 4 special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnets per pole permanent magnet in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of average torque for a conventional surface-mounted, eccentric, magnetic pole profile array configuration of the rotor;
FIG. 6 is a torque ripple comparison diagram of a rotor with a conventional surface-mounted, eccentric and magnetic pole profile array structure.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps that are closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details that are not so relevant to the present invention are omitted.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a permanent magnet motor based on a pole profile array, wherein the motor includes a stator 1, a rotor 2, a casing 3 and a rotating shaft 4, an outer circumferential surface of the stator 1 is fixed on an inner circumferential surface of the casing 3, the rotor 2 is disposed in the stator 1 and fixed on the rotating shaft 4, a predetermined air gap is provided between the rotor 2 and the stator 1, wherein,
the stator 1 comprises a stator core 101 and a three-phase stator winding 102, and when three-phase symmetrical alternating current is conducted to the three-phase stator winding 102, a rotating magnetic field with the number of 2p poles is formed, wherein p is a positive integer;
the rotor 2 comprises a sheath 201, p-pole permanent magnets 202 and a rotor core 203, wherein the sheath 201 is used for protecting the rotor 2, each pole of permanent magnet 202 is of a multi-block special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, and the p-pole permanent magnets 202 are connected with the rotor core 203 in a dovetail groove mode.
The length of the predetermined air gap may be determined according to practical situations, and the invention is not limited thereto.
Through the technical scheme, the motor rotor can adopt a multi-block special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure (namely, a segmented special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure), the special-shaped array structure can greatly reduce an air gap harmonic magnetic field, effectively improve the sine of counter electromotive force, improve the output torque of the motor and reduce the torque fluctuation of the motor. And the special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet is connected with the rotor core in a dovetail groove mode, so that the assembly process of the special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet can be simplified, and the permanent magnet is prevented from moving along the circumferential direction. In addition, the outer surface of the special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet is in full-area contact with the inner surface of the sheath, the permanent magnet is uniformly stressed when the rotor rotates at a high speed, the mechanical strength of the rotor is further ensured by the dovetail groove connection mode, the thickness of the sheath can be properly reduced, and the performance of the motor is improved. The permanent magnet motor has the advantages of simple structure, high power density, high mechanical strength, high reliability and the like.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor with 2 special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnets per pole permanent magnet in the embodiment of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, each pole of permanent magnet is a 2-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 2-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet and a tangential magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and magnetizing directions of two adjacent poles of permanent magnets are opposite.
For example, when two permanent magnets in one permanent magnet pole are a permanent magnet in a radial upward direction and a permanent magnet in a tangential leftward direction, two permanent magnets in a permanent magnet adjacent to the one permanent magnet pole are a permanent magnet in a radial downward direction and a permanent magnet in a tangential rightward direction.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficient of the tangentially magnetized permanent magnet isp1)。
Compared with the existing pole arc coefficient distribution mode, the pole arc coefficient distribution method has the advantages that the pole arc coefficient is distributed in the mode, and the motor performance is improved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor with 3 special-shaped arrays of magnetizing permanent magnets per pole of permanent magnet in the embodiment of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, each pole of permanent magnet is a 3-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 3-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet, an β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and a- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent poles of permanent magnets are opposite.
For example, when three permanent magnets of one-pole permanent magnet are a radially upward permanent magnet, an β angular rightward permanent magnet, and a- β angular leftward upward permanent magnet, three permanent magnets of permanent magnets adjacent to this one-pole permanent magnet are a radially downward permanent magnet, a β angular leftward downward permanent magnet, and a- β angular rightward downward permanent magnet.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficients of the β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and the- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet are both (1- α)p1)/2。
Compared with the existing pole arc coefficient distribution mode, the pole arc coefficient distribution method has the advantages that the pole arc coefficient is distributed in the mode, and the motor performance is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor with 4 special-shaped arrays of magnetizing permanent magnets per pole of permanent magnet in the embodiment of the invention.
According to one embodiment of the invention, each pole permanent magnet is of a 4-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 4-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet, a tangential magnetizing permanent magnet, an β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and a- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at preset intervals, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent poles of permanent magnets are opposite.
For example, when four permanent magnets in one-pole permanent magnet are a radial upward permanent magnet, a tangential leftward permanent magnet, an β angular upward right permanent magnet, and a- β angular upward left permanent magnet, four permanent magnets in the permanent magnets adjacent to this pole permanent magnet are a radial downward permanent magnet, a tangential rightward permanent magnet, a β angular downward left permanent magnet, and a- β angular downward right permanent magnet.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1The pole arc coefficient of the tangential magnetizing permanent magnet is αp2In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficients of the β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and the- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet are both (1- α)p1-αp2)/2。
Compared with the existing pole arc coefficient distribution mode, the pole arc coefficient distribution method has the advantages that the pole arc coefficient is distributed in the mode, and the motor performance is improved.
In addition, the pole arc coefficient α of the radially magnetized permanent magnetp1And pole arc coefficient α of tangentially charged permanent magnetp2May have been obtained in a known manner and will not be described in detail herein in order not to obscure the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the stator core 101 is made of silicon steel sheet, amorphous ferromagnetic composite material, SMC soft magnetic composite material, or iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rotor core 203 is made of a silicon steel sheet or a solid magnetic conductive material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sheath 201 is made of a non-magnetic conductive metal material or a composite material, the permanent magnet is made of ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron, and the rotating shaft 4) is made of a magnetic conductive or non-magnetic conductive metal material.
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of average torque for a conventional surface-mounted, eccentric, pole-profile array configuration of the rotor.
FIG. 6 is a torque ripple comparison diagram of a rotor with a conventional surface-mounted, eccentric and magnetic pole profile array structure.
Through two-dimensional finite element simulation, average torque comparison and torque fluctuation comparison of the rotor in a conventional surface-mounted type, an eccentric type and the magnetic pole special-shaped array structure scheme of the invention can be obtained, and are respectively shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6. As can be seen from the comparison of the average torques in fig. 5, the average torque of the magnetic pole profile array structure scheme is the largest, while the average torque of the eccentric structure scheme is slightly smaller than that of the conventional surface-mounted structure scheme. As can be seen from the comparison of torque fluctuations in fig. 6, the torque fluctuations in both the eccentric structural scheme and the magnetic pole special-shaped array structural scheme are much lower than those in the conventional surface-mounted structural scheme, and in the large-torque operation area, the torque fluctuations in the magnetic pole special-shaped array structural scheme are lower than those in the eccentric structural scheme. Therefore, under the same volume, the magnetic pole special-shaped array structure scheme in the above embodiment of the invention can improve the average torque and power density of the motor by 20% to 30%, and has lower torque fluctuation.
Features that are described and/or illustrated above with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
The many features and advantages of these embodiments are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of these embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments of the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope thereof.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic pole special-shaped array is characterized by comprising a stator (1), a rotor (2), a machine shell (3) and a rotating shaft (4), wherein the outer circle surface of the stator (1) is fixed on the inner circle surface of the machine shell (3), the rotor (2) is arranged in the stator (1) and fixed on the rotating shaft (4), a preset air gap is formed between the rotor (2) and the stator (1), and the air gap is preset,
the stator (1) comprises a stator core (101) and a three-phase stator winding (102), and when three-phase symmetrical alternating current is conducted to the three-phase stator winding (102), a rotating magnetic field with the number of 2p poles is formed, wherein p is a positive integer;
the rotor (2) comprises a sheath (201), a p-pole permanent magnet (202) and a rotor iron core (203), the sheath (201) is used for protecting the rotor (2), each pole of permanent magnet (202) is of a multi-block special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, and the p-pole permanent magnet (202) is connected with the rotor iron core (203) in a dovetail groove mode.
2. The motor of claim 1, wherein each pole of permanent magnet is a 2-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 2-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet and a tangential magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets at two adjacent poles are opposite.
3. The machine of claim 2, wherein the permanent magnet is radially magnetized with a pole arc factor of αp1In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficient of the tangentially magnetized permanent magnet isp1)。
4. The motor of claim 1, wherein each pole permanent magnet is a 3-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 3-piece special-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet, an β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and a- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent pole permanent magnets are opposite.
5. The method of claim 4Characterized in that the pole arc coefficient of the radially magnetized permanent magnet is αp1In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficients of the β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and the- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet are both (1- α)p1)/2。
6. The motor of claim 1, wherein each pole permanent magnet is a 4-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure, the 4-shaped array magnetizing permanent magnet structure comprises a radial magnetizing permanent magnet, a tangential magnetizing permanent magnet, an β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and a- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet which are distributed at a preset interval, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets at two adjacent poles are opposite.
7. The machine of claim 6 wherein the permanent magnet is radially magnetized with a pole arc factor of αp1The pole arc coefficient of the tangential magnetizing permanent magnet is αp2In the case of (1- α), the pole arc coefficients of the β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet and the- β -angle magnetizing permanent magnet are both (1- α)p1-αp2)/2。
8. An electric machine according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the stator core (101) is made of silicon steel sheet, amorphous ferromagnetic composite, SMC soft magnetic composite or iron cobalt vanadium alloy material.
9. An electric machine according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the rotor core (203) is made of silicon steel sheet or solid magnetically conductive material.
10. A machine as claimed in any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the sheath (201) is made of a non-magnetic conducting metal material or composite material, the permanent magnets are made of ferrite, samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron, and the shaft (4) is made of a magnetic or non-magnetic conducting metal material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911196332.0A CN111106685A (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Permanent magnet motor based on magnetic pole special-shaped array |
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| CN201911196332.0A CN111106685A (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Permanent magnet motor based on magnetic pole special-shaped array |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112350462A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | High-reliability high-temperature-resistant servo motor based on magnetic field modulation principle |
| CN112953059A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-11 | 华北电力大学 | Amorphous alloy high-speed outer rotor permanent magnet motor |
| CN113852226A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2021-12-28 | 南通大学 | High-efficiency and high-power-density permanent magnet motor |
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| JP2004072820A (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-03-04 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | Magnetizing jig for rotor of ac motor, and manufacturing method using it |
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