CN111103181A - Compaction tester suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil body on engineering site - Google Patents
Compaction tester suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil body on engineering site Download PDFInfo
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- CN111103181A CN111103181A CN202010047124.0A CN202010047124A CN111103181A CN 111103181 A CN111103181 A CN 111103181A CN 202010047124 A CN202010047124 A CN 202010047124A CN 111103181 A CN111103181 A CN 111103181A
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/10—Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compaction tester suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of a soil body on an engineering site, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical test equipment. The compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site comprises a supporting and moving unit, a driving unit and a compaction unit. The supporting and moving unit can realize the switching of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, the driving unit can select different compaction test types according to test requirements, and the compaction unit can effectively tamp and compact a soil sample. The invention has simple structure, simplifies the requirements of compaction tests on test equipment, has better adaptability to complex site conditions of an engineering site, is beneficial to carrying out compaction tests on outdoor sites including the engineering site, realizes the rapid determination of the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of soil on the engineering site, and preliminarily grasps the physical characteristics of soil mass under the condition of less time consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical test equipment, and particularly relates to a compaction tester suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of a soil body on an engineering site.
Background
The compaction tester is one of the measuring devices commonly used in soil tests, particularly compaction tests. The compaction test is used for determining the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of soil by simulating the compaction conditions of a project site and utilizing a hammering method, and provides a basis for evaluating the soil compaction degree. The compaction test can be generally divided into a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test, and the compaction work per unit volume of the heavy compaction test is about 4.53 times that of the light compaction test.
However, the traditional compaction device is driven by a cylinder, has complex equipment structure, large volume and high cost, and is not suitable for compaction tests on the spot in engineering sites. In addition, the field collection and transportation of the soil sample are needed to carry out the compaction test in the test chamber, and the processes inevitably generate obvious artificial disturbance on the soil sample; meanwhile, the indoor compaction test procedure is complex, time is often consumed for several days, and the actual requirements of engineering cannot be met.
According to the rolling-compaction type earth-rock dam construction technical specification provided by the Chinese institute of water conservancy and hydropower, the three-point compaction test method can be used for rapidly measuring the maximum dry density and the optimal water content of the soil body, but the compaction test process still needs to be carried out in an indoor laboratory, so that a compaction instrument which can adapt to complex terrains on the engineering site is urgently needed, the compaction test is moved to the engineering site, and the time consumed for measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body is further shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to further simplify the process of measuring the physical properties of the soil body, realize the rapid measurement of the physical properties of the soil body on the engineering site and meet different requirements of a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test, the invention provides a compaction instrument suitable for rapidly measuring the physical properties of the soil body on the engineering site.
The technical scheme is as follows: the compaction device for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site comprises a supporting and moving unit, a driving unit and a compaction unit.
The supporting and moving unit comprises four wheel carriers, supporting blocks, transverse shafts, driving wheels, discs, pins, a frame plate and reinforcing plates, shaft holes are formed in the head end and the tail end of each wheel carrier, a limiting hole A and a limiting hole B are formed in the head end of each wheel carrier, the supporting blocks are connected below the wheel carriers, the four wheel carriers are arranged into two rows and two columns of square matrixes, the head ends of the two wheel carriers in the same column are oppositely arranged, the shaft holes in the four wheel carriers are arranged into four rows and two columns of square matrixes, the height of the second row of shaft holes and the height of the third row of shaft holes are higher than that of the first row of shaft holes and the fourth row of shaft holes, the four transverse shafts respectively penetrate through the two shaft holes in the same row, the driving wheels are respectively installed at the left ends and the right ends of the two transverse shafts penetrating through the first row of shaft holes and the fourth row of shaft holes, the discs are respectively, the other half is smooth curved surface, and the teeth of a cogwheel that are located on two discs of same row are relative installation and intermeshing, all is provided with spacing hole C on every disc, and the pin can insert in spacing hole A, spacing hole B and spacing hole C, and the frame plate is "Jiong" font, and the frame plate bottom is fixed on two cross axles that pass second row and third row shaft hole, and the top of frame plate is the horizontal plane, and the reinforcing plate is connected on the left side of frame plate.
The driving unit is arranged on a horizontal plane at the top of the frame plate and comprises a base, a motor, a back plate, a gear shifting rod, a power input shaft, a straight gear A, a straight gear B, a straight gear C, a transmission shaft A, a transmission shaft B, a straight gear D and a straight gear E, wherein a round hole A is formed in the upper portion of the base, the motor is arranged in the round hole A, the back plate comprises a short branch and a long branch, the short branch is positioned above the long branch, the middle of the side surface of the back plate is connected with the gear shifting rod, a round hole B is formed in the middle of the back plate, the power input shaft penetrates through the round hole B, the straight gear A and the motor are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the power input shaft, the straight gear B is arranged at the end portion of the short branch of the back plate, the straight gear C is arranged at the end portion of the long branch of the back plate, the straight gear B and, the straight gear E is connected to the left side of the straight gear C through the transmission shaft B and can synchronously rotate with the straight gear C, gear teeth of the straight gear D and gear teeth of the straight gear E are discontinuously arranged, and the diameter of the straight gear D is smaller than that of the straight gear E.
The compaction unit comprises a support frame, a connecting piece, sliding blocks, a connecting rod, compaction hammers, sample cylinders, a centering clamping mechanism and a limiting rod, wherein the support frame is a rectangle surrounded by a top plate, a bottom plate and sliding grooves on the left side and the right side, the center of the top plate is provided with a round hole C, the sliding grooves are fixed on the left side surface of the reinforcing plate through the connecting piece, the sliding blocks are arranged in the sliding grooves and can freely slide up and down in the sliding grooves, the middle lower parts of the sliding grooves on the two sides are respectively provided with a round hole D with the same height and the same size, the compaction hammers are positioned in a vertical plane where the support frame is positioned and are connected with each sliding block through the connecting rod, the diameter of the compaction hammers is smaller than the inner diameter of the round hole C, gear teeth are arranged in the height direction of one side, close to the reinforcing plate, of the gear teeth on the compaction hammers can be mutually meshed with the straight gear D and the straight gear E, the centering clamping mechanism, the external diameter of a sample tube is equal to the internal diameter of the round hole C, and the left end and the right end of the limiting rod can be respectively inserted into the round holes D formed in the sliding grooves on the two sides.
Centering clamping mechanism include the chassis, the carousel, the curve groove, the bracing piece, the fixed column, spacing connecting rod, ring and driving lever, the chassis is fixed at the bottom plate central authorities of support frame, the carousel is located the central authorities on chassis, the carousel upper surface is equipped with three curve groove, three spinal branch vaulting poles are placed at the carousel upper surface, three spinal branch vaulting poles distance between two liang equals, the bottom of three spinal branch vaulting poles is connected at the chassis upper surface, three distance between two liang of fixed column equals, spacing connecting rod includes thin tip and thick tip, the thin tip of spacing connecting rod is connected on the top of fixed column, the bottom of spacing connecting rod thick tip is inserted the curve groove and can be removed in the curve groove, the top of bracing piece and the thick tip of spacing connecting rod are all fixed at the top.
The supporting and moving unit can switch the forms according to different requirements of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, the middle lower parts of gear teeth on two discs positioned in the same row are meshed with each other in the moving transition mode, a pin passes through a limiting hole C and a limiting hole A, and the whole supporting and moving unit is contacted with the ground through a driving wheel; under the compaction operation mode, the middle upper parts of the gear teeth on the two disks positioned in the same row are mutually meshed, the pin penetrates through the limiting hole C and the limiting hole B, and the whole supporting and moving unit is contacted with the ground through the supporting block.
The gear shifting rod is shifted downwards, a straight gear B and a straight gear C which are arranged on the back plate move clockwise along with the back plate, a straight gear D and a straight gear E which are respectively connected with the straight gear B and the straight gear C through a transmission shaft A and the transmission shaft B also move clockwise, and the straight gear E is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer; the gear shifting rod is shifted upwards, a straight gear B and a straight gear C which are installed on the back plate move anticlockwise along with the back plate, a straight gear D and a straight gear E which are connected with the straight gear B and the straight gear C through a transmission shaft A and the transmission shaft B respectively also move anticlockwise, and the straight gear D is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer.
The inner diameter of the round hole C is larger than the diameter of the compaction hammer, when the straight gear E is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer penetrates through the round hole C under the driving of the straight gear E, and the top elevation of the compaction hammer exceeds the elevation of the plane where the round hole C is located.
In the mobile transition mode, the elevation of the bottom plate is higher than that of the driving wheels, and the bottom plate is not in contact with the ground; and under the compaction operation mode, the elevation of the bottom plate is consistent with that of the bottom surface of the supporting block, and the bottom plate is in contact with the ground.
Preferably, the length of the teeth discontinuously arranged on the straight gear D and the straight gear E accounts for 60% of the circumference of the side surface of the straight gear D and the straight gear E.
Preferably, the support and moving unit may be provided with a level bubble gauge to facilitate the level adjustment of the frame plate and the compaction hammer in the compaction mode.
Preferably, a hand-push bracket can be arranged at the top of the frame plate, so that the equipment in the moving transition mode can be moved conveniently.
Preferably, the surface of the sliding block can be embedded with a ball, so that the sliding friction force borne by the sliding block in the moving process of the sliding block in the sliding groove is converted into rolling friction force.
Preferably, the inner surface of the sample tube is marked with height scales.
Has the advantages that: the compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the supporting and moving unit realizes the switching between a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode by utilizing the opposite rotation of the disc and the locking action of the pin; under the mobile transition mode, the invention is convenient to move, can reduce the restriction of complex site conditions of an engineering site, quickly passes through complex terrains and enters a test area; under the compaction operation mode, the compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site can provide stable support for the compaction device, and guarantee the smooth operation of the on-site compaction test.
(2) The teeth arranged on the compaction hammer can be respectively meshed with the straight gear D and the straight gear E under manual control, so that the compaction work requirements of different unit volumes of a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test are respectively met, wherein the working condition when the straight gear D is meshed with the teeth on the compaction hammer corresponds to the light compaction test, and the working condition when the straight gear E is meshed with the teeth on the compaction hammer corresponds to the heavy compaction test.
(3) The straight gear D or the straight gear E is provided with the gear teeth discontinuously, when the section provided with the gear teeth on the side surface of the straight gear D or the straight gear E is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the straight gear D or the straight gear E drives the compaction hammer to move upwards, when the section without the gear teeth on the side surface of the straight gear D or the straight gear E is contacted with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer falls under the action of self gravity, the soil sample in the sample cylinder below is compacted, the compaction test can be completed by repeating the process, the whole test process only needs to use the motor to provide external energy, the requirement of the compaction test on test equipment is simplified, and the compaction test can be developed in outdoor sites including engineering sites.
(4) The compaction device suitable for rapidly determining the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site has a simple structure and good adaptability to complex terrains, can simulate the test conditions of a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test, and achieves rapid determination of the maximum dry density and the optimal water content of a soil sample, so that the physical characteristics of the soil body are preliminarily grasped in the condition of less time consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compaction apparatus suitable for rapidly determining physical characteristics of soil mass in an engineering field in a mobile transition mode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the support and moving unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the driving unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the compaction unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the centering clamp mechanism of FIG. 1 in a released state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the centering clamping mechanism of FIG. 1 in a clamped state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a light compaction test performed by a compaction apparatus suitable for rapid determination of physical properties of a soil mass in an engineering field in a compaction mode;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a heavy compaction test performed by the compaction apparatus suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site in a compaction operation mode.
In the figure: 1-a support and movement unit; 11-a wheel carrier; 111-shaft hole; 112-limiting hole A; 113-a limiting hole B; 12-a support block; 13-horizontal axis; 14-a travelling wheel; 15-a disc; 151-limiting hole C; 16-a pin; 17-a frame plate; 18-a reinforcement plate; 2-a drive unit; 21-a base; 211-round hole a; 22-an electric motor; 23-a back plate; 231-a gear shift lever; 232-round hole B; 24-a power input shaft; 251-spur gear a; 252-spur gear B; 253-spur gear C; 261-drive shaft A; 262-drive shaft B; 271-spur gear D; 272-spur gear E; 3-compaction unit; 31-a support frame; 311-top plate; 312-a backplane; 313-a chute; 314-round hole C; 315-circular hole D; 32-a connector; 33-a slide block; 331-link; 34-compaction hammer; 35-a sample cartridge; 36-a centering clamping mechanism; 361-chassis; 362-a turntable; 363-a curved slot; 364-support rods; 365-fixed columns; 366-a limit connecting rod; 367-ring; 368-deflector rod; 37-limiting rod.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the compaction apparatus suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body in the engineering field comprises a supporting and moving unit 1, a driving unit 2 and a compaction unit 3.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 7 and 8, the supporting and moving unit 1 includes four wheel frames 11, supporting blocks 12, transverse shafts 13, traveling wheels 14, discs 15, pins 16, a frame plate 17 and a reinforcing plate 18, shaft holes 111 are provided at the head and the tail ends of each wheel frame 11, a limit hole a112 and a limit hole B113 are provided at the head end of each wheel frame 11, the supporting blocks 12 are connected below the wheel frames 11, the four wheel frames 11 are arranged in two rows and two columns of square matrix, the head ends of the two wheel frames 11 in the same row are oppositely arranged, the shaft holes 111 on the four wheel frames 11 are arranged in four rows and two columns of square matrix, the height of the second row and the third row of shaft holes 111 is higher than that of the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes 111, the four transverse shafts 13 respectively pass through the two shaft holes 111 in the same row, the traveling wheels 14 are installed at the left and right ends of the two transverse shafts 13 passing through the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes 111, the discs 15 are installed at the left and right ends of, half of disc 15 side is the indent formula teeth of a cogwheel, half is smooth curved surface, the teeth of a cogwheel that are located two discs 15 on the same column are installed and intermeshing relatively, all be provided with spacing hole C151 on every disc 15, pin 16 can insert spacing hole A112, spacing hole B113 and spacing hole C151, frame plate 17 is "Jiong" font, frame plate 17 bottom is fixed on two cross axles 13 that pass second row and third row shaft hole 111, the top of frame plate 17 is the horizontal plane, reinforcing plate 18 is connected to the left side of frame plate 17.
Specifically, the supporting and moving unit 1 can be switched according to different requirements of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, the middle lower parts of gear teeth on two disks 15 positioned in the same row are meshed with each other in the moving transition mode, a pin 16 penetrates through a limiting hole C151 and a limiting hole A112, and the whole supporting and moving unit 1 is in contact with the ground through a driving wheel 14; in the compaction mode, the middle upper parts of the gear teeth on the two disks 15 in the same row are engaged with each other, the pin 16 passes through the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole B113, and the whole supporting and moving unit 1 is in contact with the ground through the supporting block 12.
As shown in fig. 1, 3, 7 and 8, the driving unit 2 is mounted on the horizontal plane of the top of the frame plate 17, and includes a base 21, a motor 22, a back plate 23, a gear shift lever 231, a power input shaft 24, a spur gear a251, a spur gear B252, a spur gear C253, a transmission shaft a261, a transmission shaft B262, a spur gear D271, and a spur gear E272, the upper portion of the base 21 is provided with a circular hole a211, the motor 22 is mounted in the circular hole a211, the back plate 23 includes two branches, a short branch and a long branch, the short branch is located above the long branch, the middle portion of the side surface of the back plate 23 is connected with the gear shift lever 231, the middle portion of the back plate 23 is provided with a circular hole B232, the power input shaft 24 passes through the circular hole B232, the spur gears a251 and the motor 22 are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the power input shaft 24, the spur gear B252 is mounted at the end portion of the short branch of the back plate, spur gear D271 is connected on the left side of spur gear B252 through transmission shaft A261, spur gear D271 can rotate with spur gear B252 in step, spur gear E272 is connected on the left side of spur gear C253 through transmission shaft B262, spur gear E272 can rotate with spur gear C253 in step, the teeth of spur gear D271 and spur gear E272 are discontinuous, and the diameter of spur gear D271 is less than the diameter of spur gear E272.
As shown in fig. 1, 4, 7 and 8, the compaction unit 3 includes a support frame 31, a connecting member 32, sliding blocks 33, a connecting rod 331, compaction hammers 34, sample cartridges 35, a centering clamping mechanism 36 and a limiting rod 37, the support frame 31 is a rectangle surrounded by a top plate 311, a bottom plate 312 and sliding grooves 313 on the left and right sides, a circular hole C314 is provided in the center of the top plate 311, the sliding grooves 313 are fixed on the left surface of the reinforcing plate 18 through the connecting member 32, a plurality of sliding blocks 33 are installed in the sliding grooves 313, the sliding blocks 33 can freely slide up and down in the sliding grooves 313, circular holes D315 with the same height and size are provided in the middle and lower parts of the sliding grooves 313 on both sides, the compaction hammers 34 are located in a vertical plane of the support frame 31 and are connected with each sliding block 33 through the connecting rod 331, the diameter of the compaction hammers 34 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular hole C314, gear teeth are provided in the height direction on the side of the compaction hammers 34 close to the reinforcing plate 18, the, the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is installed in the center of the bottom plate 312, the sample tube 35 is placed in the centering and clamping mechanism 36 and located right below the striking hammer 34, the outer diameter of the sample tube 35 is equal to the inner diameter of the circular hole C314, and the left and right ends of the stopper rod 37 can be inserted into the circular holes D315 provided in the slide grooves 313 on both sides.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the centering and clamping mechanism 36 includes a chassis 361, a rotary table 362, a curved groove 363, a support rod 364, a fixing column 365, a limit connecting rod 366, a circular ring 367 and a shift lever 368, the chassis 361 is fixed at the center of the bottom plate 312 of the supporting frame 31, the rotary table 362 is located at the center of the chassis 361, three curved grooves 363 are arranged on the upper surface of the rotary table 362, the curved grooves 363 gradually approach to the center of the rotary table 362 in the process of extending from right to left, the three support rods 364 are placed on the upper surface of the rotary table 362, the distances between every two three support rods 364 are equal, the bottoms of the three fixing columns 365 are connected to the upper surface of the chassis 361, the distances between every two fixing columns 365 are equal, the limit connecting rod 366 includes a thin end and a thick end, the top end of the fixing column 365 is connected to the thin end of the limit connecting rod 366, the bottom of the thick end of the limit connecting rod 366 is inserted, the shift lever 368 is connected to the middle of the support rod 364.
Specifically, when the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is in a released state, the bottom of the thick end of the limit connecting rod 366 is inserted into the curved groove 363, the positions of the bottom of the thick end of the limit connecting rod 366 are all located at the right end of the curved groove 363, the sample cylinder 35 filled with the soil sample is placed in the center of the rotary table 362, the deflector rod 368 is rotated in the clockwise direction, the deflector rod 368 drives the support rod 364 to rotate clockwise, the ring 367 connected with the top of the support rod 364 drives the thick end of the limit connecting rod 366 to rotate clockwise, due to the limiting effect of the curved groove 363, the position where the bottom of the thick end of the limit connecting rod 366 is inserted into the curved groove 363 is changed from the right end to the left end, the distance between the thick end of the three limit connecting rods 366 and the center of the rotary table 362 is shortened and the three limit connecting rods are supported on the sample cylinder 35, the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is changed from the released state to the, the sample cylinder 35 is always positioned right below the compaction hammer 34 when the compaction test is carried out, and the compaction effect of the test is ensured.
In the present embodiment, in the moving transition mode, the pin 16 passes through the limit hole C151 and the limit hole a112, the entire supporting and moving unit 1 is in contact with the ground through the traveling wheel 14, the motor 22 is in the closed state, the shift lever 231 is kept in the horizontal stationary state, the floor 312 has a higher elevation than the traveling wheel 14, the floor 312 is not in contact with the ground, the left and right ends of the limit lever 37 are inserted into the circular holes D315 provided in the sliding grooves 313 on both sides, respectively, the limit lever 37 is supported at the bottom of the striking hammer 34, and the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is in the released state.
In this embodiment, after the test site is reached by moving in the mobile transition mode, the pin 16 inserted into the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole a112 is pulled out, the wheel carrier 11 is shifted and the disc 15 is driven to rotate in opposite directions, when the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole B113 are overlapped, the pin 16 passes through the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole B113, at this time, the whole supporting and moving unit 1 is in contact with the ground through the supporting block 12, the elevation of the bottom plate 312 is consistent with the elevation of the bottom surface of the supporting block 12, the bottom plate 312 is in contact with the ground, and the switching process from the mobile transition mode to the compaction operation mode is completed.
In this embodiment, when a light compaction test is to be performed, the sample container 35 containing the soil sample is placed in the center of the turntable 362, and the shift lever 368 is rotated clockwise, so that the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is changed from the unclamped state to the clamped state. Subsequently, the gear shifting lever 231 is shifted upwards, a spur gear B252 and a spur gear C253 which are installed on the back plate 23 move anticlockwise along with the back plate 23, a spur gear D271 and a spur gear E272 which are respectively connected with the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 through a transmission shaft A261 and a transmission shaft B262 also move anticlockwise, the spur gear D271 is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34, the motor 22 is started, the motor 22 drives the spur gear A251 to rotate anticlockwise through a power input shaft 24, the spur gear A251 drives the spur gear B252 to rotate clockwise, the spur gear B252 drives the spur gear D271 to rotate clockwise through the transmission shaft A261, and a section provided with the gear teeth on the side surface of the spur gear D271 drives the compaction hammer 34 to move upwards, due to the restriction of the slide groove 313, the slide block 33 can move only up and down along the slide groove 313, and the compaction hammer 34 connected to the slide block 33 by the connecting member 32 starts moving vertically upward. During the raising of the hammer 34, the stopper rod 37 inserted into the circular hole D315 is removed. When the compaction hammer 34 rises to the height of the top plate 311, the section of the side surface of the spur gear D271, which is not provided with the gear teeth, is in contact with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, and the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall along the sliding groove 313 under the action of self gravity to tamp the soil sample in the sample cylinder below. Because the motor 22 continuously works, the straight gear D271 also rotates clockwise all the time, after the compaction hammer 34 tamps the soil sample, the section of the side surface of the straight gear D271 provided with the gear teeth is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34 again and drives the compaction hammer 34 to move vertically upwards, similarly, when the compaction hammer 34 rises to the height of the top plate 311, the section of the side surface of the straight gear D271 without the gear teeth is contacted with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall down along the sliding groove 313 again under the action of self gravity to tamp the soil sample in the sample cylinder below, and the light compaction test can be completed by repeating the steps.
In this embodiment, when a heavy compaction test is to be performed, the sample container 35 containing the soil sample is placed in the center of the turntable 362, and the shift lever 368 is rotated clockwise, so that the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is changed from the unclamped state to the clamped state. Then the gear shifting rod 231 is shifted downwards, a spur gear B252 and a spur gear C253 which are installed on the back plate 23 move anticlockwise along with the back plate 23, a spur gear D271 and a spur gear E272 which are respectively connected with the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 through a transmission shaft A261 and a transmission shaft B262 also move anticlockwise, the spur gear E272 is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34, the motor 22 is started, the motor 22 drives the spur gear A251 to rotate anticlockwise through a power input shaft 24, the spur gear A251 drives the spur gear C253 to rotate clockwise, the spur gear C253 drives the spur gear E272 to rotate clockwise through the transmission shaft B262, a section provided with the gear teeth on the side surface of the spur gear E272 drives the compaction hammer 34 to move upwards, due to the limiting effect of a sliding chute 313, the sliding block 33 can only move upwards and downwards along the sliding block 313, the compaction hammer 34 with the connecting piece 32 and the sliding block 33 starts to move upwards vertically, and the compaction hammer 34 rises, the limiting rod 37 inserted into the circular hole D315 is removed, the diameter of the straight gear E272 is larger than that of the straight gear D271, the position of the straight gear E272 is lower than that of the straight gear D271, the compaction hammer 34 still continuously rises after rising to the height of the top plate 311, the compaction hammer 34 penetrates through the circular hole C314 under the driving of the straight gear E272, the height of the top of the compaction hammer 34 exceeds the height of the plane of the circular hole C314, when the compaction hammer 34 reaches the highest position, the section, without gear teeth, of the side surface of the straight gear E272 is in contact with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall along the sliding groove 313 under the action of self gravity, and the soil sample in the sample cylinder below is tamped. Because the motor 22 continuously works, the straight gear E272 also rotates clockwise all the time, after the compaction hammer 34 tamps the soil sample, the section of the side surface of the straight gear E272 provided with the gear teeth is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34 again and drives the compaction hammer 34 to move vertically upwards, similarly, when the compaction hammer 34 exceeds the elevation of the top plate 311 and rises to the highest position, the section of the side surface of the straight gear E272 without the gear teeth is contacted with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall down along the sliding groove 313 again under the action of self gravity to tamp the soil sample in the sample cylinder below, and the heavy compaction test can be completed by repeating the steps.
The method can reduce the limitation of complex site conditions of the engineering site, realize the rapid determination of the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of the soil in the engineering site, and meet different requirements of a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test; meanwhile, the invention has simple structure, less consumption of external energy and lower manufacturing and operating cost, simplifies the requirements of compaction tests on test equipment, is beneficial to carrying out compaction tests in outdoor fields including engineering fields, and preliminarily grasps the physical characteristics of the soil body under the condition of less time consumption.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The compaction device is suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site, and is characterized by comprising a supporting and moving unit (1), a driving unit (2) and a compaction unit (3);
the supporting and moving unit (1) comprises four wheel frames (11), supporting blocks (12), transverse shafts (13), driving wheels (14), a disc (15), pins (16), a frame plate (17) and a reinforcing plate (18), wherein shaft holes (111) are formed in the head end and the tail end of each wheel frame (11), a limiting hole A (112) and a limiting hole B (113) are formed in the head end of each wheel frame (11), the supporting blocks (12) are connected below the wheel frames (11), the four wheel frames (11) are arranged into two rows and two columns of square arrays, the head ends of the two wheel frames (11) in the same column are oppositely arranged, the shaft holes (111) in the four wheel frames (11) are arranged into four rows and two columns of square arrays, the heights of the second row and the third row of shaft holes (111) are higher than the heights of the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes (111), the four transverse shafts (13) respectively penetrate through the two shaft holes (111) in the same row, the left end and the right end of two transverse shafts (13) penetrating through a first row of shaft holes (111) and a fourth row of shaft holes (111) are respectively provided with a driving wheel (14), the left end and the right end of the two transverse shafts (13) penetrating through a second row of shaft holes (111) and a third row of shaft holes (111) are respectively provided with a disc (15), one half of the side surface of each disc (15) is provided with a concave gear tooth, the other half of the side surface of each disc (15) is a smooth curved surface, the gear teeth on the two discs (15) in the same column are oppositely arranged and are mutually meshed, each disc (15) is provided with a limiting hole C (151), a pin (16) can be inserted into the limiting hole A (112), the limiting hole B (113) and the limiting hole C (151), the bottom of a frame plate (17) is fixed on the two transverse shafts (13) penetrating through the second row of shaft holes (111) and;
the driving unit (2) is arranged on a horizontal plane at the top of the frame plate (17) and comprises a base (21), a motor (22), a back plate (23), a gear shifting rod (231), a power input shaft (24), a straight gear A (251), a straight gear B (252), a straight gear C (253), a transmission shaft A (261), a transmission shaft B (262), a straight gear D (271) and a straight gear E (272), wherein a round hole A (211) is formed in the upper portion of the base (21), the motor (22) is arranged in the round hole A (211), the back plate (23) comprises a short branch and a long branch, the short branch is positioned above the long branch, the middle portion of the side surface of the back plate (23) is connected with the gear shifting rod (231), a round hole B (232) is formed in the middle portion of the back plate (23), the power input shaft (24) penetrates through the round hole B (232), the straight gear A (251) and the motor (22), a spur gear B (252) is arranged at the end of a short branch of a back plate (23), a spur gear C (253) is arranged at the end of a long branch of the back plate (23), the spur gear B (252) and the spur gear C (253) are respectively meshed with a spur gear A (251), the spur gear D (271) is connected to the left side of the spur gear B (252) through a transmission shaft A (261), the spur gear D (271) can synchronously rotate with the spur gear B (252), a spur gear E (272) is connected to the left side of the spur gear C (253) through a transmission shaft B (262), the spur gear E (272) can synchronously rotate with the spur gear C (253), gear teeth of the spur gear D (271) and the spur gear E (272) are discontinuously arranged, and the diameter of the spur gear D (271) is smaller than that of the spur gear E (272);
the compaction unit (3) comprises a support frame (31), a connecting piece (32), sliding blocks (33), connecting rods (331), compaction hammers (34), a sample tube (35), a centering clamping mechanism (36) and a limiting rod (37), wherein the support frame (31) is a rectangle surrounded by a top plate (311), a bottom plate (312) and sliding grooves (313) on the left side and the right side, a round hole C (314) is formed in the center of the top plate (311), the sliding grooves (313) are fixed on the left side surface of the reinforcing plate (18) through the connecting piece (32), a plurality of sliding blocks (33) are installed in the sliding grooves (313), the sliding blocks (33) can freely slide up and down in the sliding grooves (313), round holes D (315) with the same height and size are formed in the middle lower parts of the sliding grooves (313) on the two sides, the compaction hammers (34) are located in the vertical plane where the support frame (31) is located and are connected with each sliding block (33) through the, the diameter of the compaction hammer (34) is smaller than the inner diameter of the round hole C (314), gear teeth are arranged in the height direction of one side, close to the reinforcing plate (18), of the compaction hammer (34), the gear teeth on the compaction hammer (34) can be meshed with a straight gear D (271) and a straight gear E (272), the centering clamping mechanism (36) is installed in the center of the bottom plate (312), the sample cylinder (35) is placed in the centering clamping mechanism (36) and located right below the compaction hammer (34), the outer diameter of the sample cylinder (35) is equal to the inner diameter of the round hole C (314), and the left end and the right end of the limiting rod (37) can be inserted into the round holes D (315) formed in the sliding grooves (313) on the two sides respectively.
2. A compaction apparatus for rapidly determining the physical characteristics of a soil mass at a construction site as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the supporting and moving unit (1) can be switched according to different requirements of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, the middle lower parts of gear teeth on two disks (15) positioned in the same column are meshed with each other in the moving transition mode, a pin (16) penetrates through a limiting hole C (151) and a limiting hole A (112), and the whole supporting and moving unit (1) is contacted with the ground through a driving wheel (14); under the compaction operation mode, the middle upper parts of the gear teeth on the two disks (15) positioned in the same row are meshed with each other, the pin (16) penetrates through the limiting hole C (151) and the limiting hole B (113), and the whole supporting and moving unit (1) is contacted with the ground through the supporting block (12).
3. A compaction apparatus for rapidly determining the physical characteristics of a soil mass at a construction site as claimed in claim 1 wherein: a gear shifting rod (231) is shifted downwards, a spur gear B (252) and a spur gear C (253) which are installed on a back plate (23) move clockwise along with the back plate (23), a spur gear D (271) and a spur gear E (272) which are respectively connected with the spur gear B (252) and the spur gear C (253) through a transmission shaft A (261) and a transmission shaft B (262) also move clockwise, and the spur gear E (272) is meshed with gear teeth on a compaction hammer (34); the gear shifting rod (231) is shifted upwards, a straight gear B (252) and a straight gear C (253) which are installed on the back plate (23) move anticlockwise along with the back plate (23), a straight gear D (271) and a straight gear E (272) which are connected with the straight gear B (252) and the straight gear C (253) through a transmission shaft A (261) and a transmission shaft B (262) respectively also move anticlockwise, and the straight gear D (271) is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer (34).
4. A compaction apparatus for rapidly determining the physical characteristics of a soil mass at a construction site as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the inner diameter of the round hole C (314) is larger than the diameter of the compaction hammer (34), when the spur gear E (272) is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer (34), the compaction hammer (34) penetrates through the round hole C (314) under the driving of the spur gear E (272), and the top elevation of the compaction hammer (34) exceeds the elevation of the plane where the round hole C (314) is located.
5. A compaction apparatus for rapidly determining the physical characteristics of a soil mass at a construction site as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the mobile transition mode, the elevation of the bottom plate (312) is higher than that of the driving wheel (14), and the bottom plate (312) is not in contact with the ground; in the compaction working mode, the elevation of the bottom plate (312) is consistent with that of the bottom surface of the supporting block (12), and the bottom plate (312) is in contact with the ground.
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