CN111101087A - Monotectic alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Monotectic alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111101087A
CN111101087A CN202010009362.2A CN202010009362A CN111101087A CN 111101087 A CN111101087 A CN 111101087A CN 202010009362 A CN202010009362 A CN 202010009362A CN 111101087 A CN111101087 A CN 111101087A
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China
Prior art keywords
monotectic alloy
alloy material
preparation
monotectic
inert gas
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CN202010009362.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
余建波
张振强
李霞
王江
任忠鸣
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Beijing Transpacific Technology Development Ltd
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Beijing Transpacific Technology Development Ltd
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Priority to CN202010009362.2A priority Critical patent/CN111101087A/en
Publication of CN111101087A publication Critical patent/CN111101087A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/137—Spraying in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a monotectic alloy material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of monotectic alloy material preparation. The preparation method provided by the invention melts the monotectic alloy material to obtain a smelting solution; spraying the smelting liquid onto a base material under the action of inert gas to obtain a monotectic alloy material; the pressure intensity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 7 MPa; the temperature of the base material is 20-30 ℃. The method combines a rapid condensation process in the preparation process of the monotectic alloy, utilizes high-pressure inert gas to spray the monotectic alloy material in a molten state onto the base material with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, realizes rapid solidification of the smelting liquid, improves the supercooling degree of liquid-liquid phase change and the nucleation rate of dispersed-phase liquid drops, inhibits the macro segregation of a solidification structure, promotes the formation of a dispersion-type solidification structure, and ensures the structural uniformity of the monotectic alloy material.

Description

Monotectic alloy material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of monotectic alloy materials, in particular to a monotectic alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The monotectic alloy has unique physical and mechanical performance, may be used as self lubricating material, is ideal bearing bush alloy material for automobile industry, and may be used in producing superconductive material, AC superconductive generator, magnetic fluid generator, superconductive power transmission line, etc. In addition, the monotectic alloy with the second phase uniformly distributed in a granular or fibrous form can be used for preparing an electric contact material and a high-coercivity permanent magnet with good heat conduction and electric conductivity. However, monotectic alloys are immiscible alloys, and when the temperature is reduced to a certain specific temperature, liquid phase separation occurs in a uniform monotectic alloy melt, and under the conventional solidification condition, the monotectic alloy is easy to be seriously segregated, so that monotectic alloys with second phase dispersed distribution are difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a monotectic alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the monotectic alloy material obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has the advantages of uniform solidification structure distribution, no obvious layered structure and good uniformity.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a monotectic alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
melting a monotectic alloy raw material in a crucible to obtain a molten liquid;
spraying the smelting liquid onto a base material through micropores of a crucible under the action of inert gas to obtain a monotectic alloy material;
the pressure intensity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 7 MPa; the temperature of the base material is 20-30 ℃.
Preferably, the substrate is in rotation.
Preferably, the rotational linear speed of the base material is 5-10 m/s.
Preferably, the aperture of the micropores in the crucible is 1-5 mm.
Preferably, the inert gas comprises argon and/or helium.
Preferably, the purity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
Preferably, the substrate is an object required to support a monotectic alloy material.
Preferably, the temperature of the substrate is controlled by a water cooling device.
The invention also provides a monotectic alloy material obtained by the preparation method of the technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation method of a monotectic alloy material, which comprises the following steps: melting a monotectic alloy raw material in a crucible to obtain a molten liquid; spraying the smelting liquid onto a base material through micropores of a crucible under the action of inert gas to obtain a monotectic alloy material; the pressure intensity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 7 MPa; the temperature of the base material is 20-30 ℃. The method combines a rapid condensation process in the preparation process of the monotectic alloy, utilizes high-pressure inert gas to spray the monotectic alloy raw material in a molten state onto the base material with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, realizes rapid solidification of the smelting liquid, improves the supercooling degree of liquid-liquid phase change and the nucleation rate of dispersed-phase liquid drops, inhibits the macro segregation of a solidification structure, promotes the formation of a dispersion-type solidification structure, and ensures the structural uniformity of the monotectic alloy material.
The invention also provides the monotectic alloy material obtained by the preparation method of the technical scheme, the monotectic alloy material has uniform distribution of solidification structures, no obvious layered structure is formed, and the uniformity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing an apparatus for a material having a fine hole formed in a side wall of a crucible, in which 1 is a thermocouple device, 2 is an arc melting apparatus, 3 is a vent line, 4 is a fine hole of a side wall of a crucible, 5 is a water cooling apparatus, 6 is a barrel-shaped body base, and 7 is a rotating apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a view showing an apparatus for a material having a fine hole formed in the bottom surface of a crucible, in which 1 is a thermocouple device, 2 is an arc melting apparatus, 3 is a vent line, 4 is a fine hole in the bottom surface of a crucible, 5 is a water-cooled stage, and 6 is a rotation apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic microstructure photograph of a monotectic alloy material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic microstructure photograph of a monotectic alloy material obtained in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic microstructure photograph of a monotectic alloy material obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a monotectic alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
melting a monotectic alloy raw material in a crucible to obtain a molten liquid;
spraying the smelting liquid onto a base material through micropores of a crucible under the action of inert gas to obtain a monotectic alloy material;
the pressure intensity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 7 MPa; the temperature of the base material is 20-30 ℃.
The method melts the monotectic alloy raw material in the crucible to obtain the smelting liquid.
The invention does not specifically limit the types of the monotectic alloy raw materials, and the monotectic alloy raw materials are selected by the technicians in the field according to the monotectic alloy raw materials to be prepared; the melting temperature and time are not particularly limited, and the melting temperature and time can be set according to the selected monotectic alloy raw materials. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the monotectic alloy raw material preferably has a mass ratio of Bi to Al of 1: 9, the mass ratio of monotectic alloy raw materials to Al to Pb is 9: 1, the mass ratio of monotectic alloy raw materials, Al, Sn and Bi is 6: 3: 1, a monotectic alloy raw material. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the melting is preferably 1000 ℃, and the time of the melting is preferably 10 min. In the present invention, the melting is preferably performed in an electromagnetic induction melting apparatus.
After the smelting liquid is obtained, the smelting liquid is sprayed onto the base material through the micropores of the crucible under the action of inert gas, and the monotectic alloy material is obtained.
In the invention, the pressure intensity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 7MPa, and preferably 10-20 MPa; the inert gas preferably comprises argon and/or helium, and further preferably argon; when the inert gas is mixed gas, the volume ratio of each gas in the mixed gas is not particularly limited, and any volume ratio can be adopted; the purity of the inert gas is preferably more than or equal to 99.99%.
In the present invention, the substrate is preferably an object that needs to be loaded with a monotectic alloy material, such as a barrel-shaped object or a block-shaped object; the temperature of the base material is 20-30 ℃; the temperature of the substrate is preferably controlled by a water cooling device. In the present invention, the substrate is preferably in a rotating state; the linear speed of the base material is preferably 5-10 m/s.
In the present invention, the material of the crucible is preferably Si3N4. In the present invention, the micropores are preferably disposed on the bottom or the side wall of the crucible, and the specific arrangement positions of the micropores may be set according to the actual implementation, specifically as follows: when the monotectic material is required to be attached to the base material of the barrel-shaped object, the micropores are preferably arranged on the side wall of the crucible; the aperture of the micropores on the side wall of the crucible is preferably 1-5 mm, and the aperture of the micropores on the bottom surface is preferably 1-5 mm; when the monotectic material is required to be attached to the bulk base material, the micropores are preferably arranged at the bottom of the crucible; the aperture of the micropores on the bottom surface of the crucible is preferably 1-5 mm, and the aperture of the micropores on the side wall is preferably 1-5 mm. In the present invention, when the molten metal is sprayed onto the substrate through the fine holes of the crucible by the inert gas, the bottom surface and the side surface of the crucible preferably do not operate simultaneously.
Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for a material having a fine hole formed in a side wall of a crucible, in which 1 is a thermocouple device, 2 is an arc melting apparatus, 3 is a vent line, 4 is a fine hole in a side wall of a crucible, 5 is a water cooling apparatus, 6 is a barrel-shaped body base, and 7 is a rotating apparatus.
FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for producing a material having a fine hole on the bottom surface of a crucible, in which 1 is a thermocouple device, 2 is an arc melting apparatus, 3 is a vent line, 4 is a fine hole on the bottom surface of a crucible, 5 is a water-cooled stage, and 6 is a rotation apparatus.
The invention also provides a monotectic alloy material obtained by the preparation method of the technical scheme. In the invention, the obtained monotectic alloy material has uniform distribution of solidification structures, does not form an obvious layered structure and has improved uniformity.
The monotectic alloy material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing a monotectic alloy material on the surface of an iron disc by using the equipment of FIG. 2:
and (3) mixing the components in a mass ratio of 9: 1 Al-Bi monotectic alloy raw material is put in Si3N4Heating to 1000 ℃ in a crucible through an electromagnetic induction melting device, and preserving heat for 10min to obtain a melting liquid;
and (2) filling inert gas with the pressure of 10MPa into the crucible, so that the smelting liquid in the crucible is sprayed onto a rotating iron disc (with the temperature of 20 ℃) from micropores (with the aperture of 1.5mm) on the bottom surface of the crucible, the linear speed of the iron disc is 5m/s, and the monotectic alloy material is obtained after spraying for 5 min.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic microstructure photograph of the monotectic alloy material obtained in this example, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that: the monotectic alloy crystal grains are distributed in a dispersed way, and the solidification structure is distributed uniformly.
Example 2
The equipment shown in FIG. 2 is used for preparing a monotectic alloy material on the surface of an iron disc:
and (3) mixing the components in a mass ratio of 9: 1 Al-Pb monotectic alloy material in Si3N4Heating to 1000 ℃ in a crucible through an electromagnetic induction melting device, and preserving heat for 10min to obtain a melting liquid;
and (2) injecting inert gas with the pressure of 20MPa into the crucible, so that the smelting liquid in the crucible is sprayed onto a rotating iron disc (with the temperature of 20 ℃) from micropores (with the aperture of 1.0mm) on the bottom surface of the crucible, the linear speed of the iron disc is 10m/s, and the monotectic alloy material is obtained after spraying for 10 min.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic microstructure photograph of the monotectic alloy material obtained in the present example, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that: the black Pb phase particles are densely and uniformly distributed in the Al matrix, and are not subjected to solidification segregation.
Example 3
The equipment shown in figure 1 is used for preparing monotectic alloy materials on the surface of an iron drum:
and (3) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 3: 1 of Al-Sn-BiPlacing the monotectic alloy raw material in Si3N4Heating to 1000 ℃ in a crucible through an electromagnetic induction melting device, and preserving heat for 10min to obtain a melting liquid;
and (2) injecting inert gas with the pressure of 7MPa into the crucible, so that the smelting liquid in the crucible is sprayed onto a rotating iron drum (with the temperature of 30 ℃) from micropores (with the aperture of 5.0mm) on the side wall of the crucible, the linear speed of the iron drum is 10m/s, and the monotectic alloy material is obtained after spraying for 10 min.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic microstructure photograph of the monotectic alloy material obtained in this example, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that: the monotectic alloy has homogeneous distribution of solidification structure, fine crystal grains and ideal effect.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the monotectic alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
melting a monotectic alloy raw material in a crucible to obtain a molten liquid;
spraying the smelting liquid onto a base material through micropores of a crucible under the action of inert gas to obtain a monotectic alloy material;
the pressure intensity of the inert gas is more than or equal to 7 MPa; the temperature of the base material is 20-30 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is in a rotating state.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the substrate has a rotational linear velocity of 5 to 10 m/s.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the micropores in the crucible is 1 to 5 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas comprises argon and/or helium.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the purity of the inert gas is 99.99% or more.
7. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is an object to be loaded with the monotectic alloy material.
8. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the base material is controlled by a water cooling device.
9. The monotectic alloy material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202010009362.2A 2020-01-06 2020-01-06 Monotectic alloy material and preparation method thereof Pending CN111101087A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101020999A (en) * 2007-03-23 2007-08-22 沈阳航空工业学院 Planar reciprocating process and apparatus for spraying to deposit multilayer composite material
CN101332511A (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Injection apparatus, injection molding atomizing chamber and injection molding method
CN103170590A (en) * 2013-03-05 2013-06-26 西北工业大学 Preparation method for multilayered structure Fe-Sn hypermonotectic alloy thin strip

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101020999A (en) * 2007-03-23 2007-08-22 沈阳航空工业学院 Planar reciprocating process and apparatus for spraying to deposit multilayer composite material
CN101332511A (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Injection apparatus, injection molding atomizing chamber and injection molding method
CN103170590A (en) * 2013-03-05 2013-06-26 西北工业大学 Preparation method for multilayered structure Fe-Sn hypermonotectic alloy thin strip

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
YANG, Y.S.等: ""A study on the fabrication of Al-Pb bearing by gas atomization and spray forming"", 《JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN INSTITUTE OF METALS》 *
张宏闻等: ""Al-Bi偏晶合金的控制铸造技术探索"", 《金属学报》 *

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