CN111100989A - Method for activating metal tailings - Google Patents
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- CN111100989A CN111100989A CN201911289407.XA CN201911289407A CN111100989A CN 111100989 A CN111100989 A CN 111100989A CN 201911289407 A CN201911289407 A CN 201911289407A CN 111100989 A CN111100989 A CN 111100989A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/044—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/04—Obtaining lead by wet processes
- C22B13/045—Recovery from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
- C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
- C22B15/0069—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
- C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B43/00—Obtaining mercury
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for activating metal tailingsThe method comprises the following steps: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder; adding Na2CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; roasting at normal pressure to obtain roasted active clinker and flue gas; recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-leaching with HCl solution to obtain a silicate solution and aluminium, zinc or copper metal; and introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting into water for recycling to obtain mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium or arsenic. The tailing activated clinker obtained by the method not only further develops a good raw material for hydrometallurgy, but also can effectively separate and recycle main components such as aluminum, silicon and the like in the raw tailings, so that more than 90% of the components in the metal tailings are effectively separated, recycled and converted into high value-added products, and the high-efficiency recycling of the metal tailings is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for activating metal tailings, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling in the environmental field.
Background
The metal tailings are mainly slag obtained after useful components of ores are extracted by crushing, grinding, flotation, gravity separation, magnetic separation and other methods, are mine solid wastes which are not suitable for being separated again under the current conditions, and are nonrenewable resources. At present, the storage capacity of metal tailings reaches 146 hundred million tons, and according to statistics, the annual discharge capacity of the tailings is up to more than 15 hundred million tons only in 2011-2015 nearly 5 years (a report on saving and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources in China [2015]), at present, the total recovery rate of mineral resources in China is only about 30%, and according to the recovery rate of mining and dressing, about 67% of iron ore, 50% -60% of non-ferrous minerals and 20% -60% of non-metallic minerals cause a great amount of resources to be lost in the tailings. Most of the tailings are accumulated in a tailing dam, so that resources are wasted, land is occupied, the environment is polluted, great potential safety hazards exist, and huge economic loss, environmental disasters and casualties can be brought once dam break accidents occur.
According to the measurement and calculation, if valuable elements in the existing stockpiled tailings are recovered, 2.1 million tons of iron, 300 tons of gold, 200 million tons of copper and a large amount of rare metals such as titanium can be recovered, and the output value of tens of trillion yuan (Wang Shu, 2014) can be created.
The elements in the tailings exist in a mineral form with good crystallization degree by combining chemical bonds, have firm structure, higher internal energy, weaker reaction participation capability and lower activity, so that the useful components in the tailings are difficult to directly separate and extract without adopting a certain method and measure to activate the elements. At present, the activation modes of tailings mainly comprise mechanical activation, chemical activation and thermal activation, but the existing activation modes and conditions can only activate part of substances in the tailings, and cannot activate most of minerals in the tailings. How to effectively activate and recover valuable elements in metal tailings, avoid the massive loss of resources and waste and solve environmental pollution is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method of activating metal tailings.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a process for activating metal tailings, comprising the steps of:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder;
s2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1: 0.698-2.98: 0.01-0.02;
s3: roasting the mixed raw material obtained in the step S2 at normal pressure to obtain roasted active clinker;
s4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-leaching with HCl solution, filtering and separating to obtain a silicate solution and aluminium, zinc or copper metal;
s5: and (5) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water to recover mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium or arsenic.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the activator includes sodium aluminate, pulverized coal, and sodium sulfate.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the mass ratio of the sodium aluminate, the coal powder and the sodium sulfate is 1:1 to 3: 1.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the temperature of the calcination is 1050 to 1100 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the baking time is 20 to 60 minutes.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the firing is oxygen-free firing and is performed by introducing nitrogen or inert gas.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the (NH) is4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of the HCl is 230 g/L-280 g/L, and the mass fraction of the HCl is 10-20%; the leaching time is 40-60 minutes.
In a preferred embodiment, the tailings include, but are not limited to, any one or more of lead-zinc tailings, gold-silver tailings, copper tailings, molybdenum tailings, rare earth tailings, or iron tailings.
In the invention, mechanical force is adopted to grind and activate the metal tailings, and Na is added into the obtained metal tailing powder2CO3And an exciting agent, wherein metal in the metal tailings is reduced in the roasting process, the exciting agent contains coal powder to reduce iron oxide into iron, the iron oxide can be separated by magnetic separation, the roasting is performed in the nitrogen or inert gas atmosphere, and the roasting is performedIn the process, flue gas is recycled, the flue gas is introduced into water to recycle mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium or arsenic, and the mercury (13.546), the lead (11.35), the cadmium (8.64), the chromium (7.0) and the arsenic (5.727) are sequentially recycled according to the specific gravity of metal; the activator contains sodium aluminate and sodium sulfate to form SiO2And some heavy metals to form silicates by (NH)4)2SO4And (3) leaching HCl to generate a silicate solution and aluminum, zinc or copper metal, filtering and separating to obtain the silicate solution, wherein insoluble substances are aluminum, zinc or copper metal precipitates, and the aluminum, zinc or copper metal respectively obtains different metals according to different tailings.
The preferred excitant is a mixture of sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate, so that metal oxides can be effectively reduced into metal, silicon dioxide is converted into silicate, and some heavy metals which are difficult to reduce enter the silicate; the metal tailings are prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 0.698-2.98: 0.01-0.02: na (Na)2CO3: the exciting agent is mixed, and the method is suitable for tailings discharged after the polymetallic ore is subjected to mineral separation to extract target metal elements, wherein the tailings include but are not limited to one of lead-zinc tailings, gold-silver tailings, copper tailings, molybdenum tailings, rare earth tailings and iron tailings. The activator is used too little to effectively activate, and too much activator causes waste.
The invention adopts (NH) alone in the research process4)2SO4The leaching rate of silicate as a leaching system is very low and is close to 0; when HCl with the volume fraction of 15% is used as a leaching medium alone, the content of impurities such as manganese, iron and the like is high, but (NH)4)2SO4After being mixed with hydrochloric acid, the leaching rate can reach a higher level, and the dissolution of impurity elements (NH) is avoided4)2SO4When the solution concentration is lower than 230g/L, NH in the system4 +Too little content is insufficient to precipitate the silicate in the medium, while concentrations above 280g/L result in NH4 +The leaching time is preferably 40-60 minutes, the metal elements and the silicate are not leached within less than 40 minutes, the metal elements are not separated out after more than 60 minutes, and the longest leaching time can be selected to be 60 minutes in order to save time and cost.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention adopts a mode of combining mechanical, chemical and thermal activation to excite the activity of the metal tailings; the residual metal elements can be effectively utilized.
The method has the advantages of simple process, no special requirements on equipment, low energy consumption, good controllability of process parameters, easy realization of industrialization and the like.
The roasted active clinker prepared by the method has good solubility, loose structure and strong chemical activity, more than 90 percent of iron, silicon and various metal components in the roasted active clinker can be effectively activated, and a foundation is laid for effective separation and recovery and efficient resource utilization of the iron, the silicon and the various metal components in tailings. The method has the advantages of short flow, large treatment capacity, low production cost, environmental friendliness, high metal recovery rate and high economic benefit, and can solve the problem of recycling of tailings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the lead-zinc tailings are activated, and the lead-zinc tailings comprise the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.53%, Zn: 1.23% of Fe2O3：11.73％，S：12.33％，Cu：0.02％，Hg：0.0004％，Au：0.04％，SiO2：35.25％，Al2O3：6.07％，CaO：12.59％，MgO：0.57％，Ge：0.0003％，K2O：1.5％，Ag：25.7％，Cd：0.003％，Ga：0.004％。
The lead-zinc tailings are activated, as shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder;
S2：adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step (1)2CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the excitant is sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1:0.7: 0.01.
S3: introducing nitrogen into the mixed raw material obtained in the step S2 at normal pressure for anaerobic roasting at 1100 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain flue gas and roasted active clinker;
s4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-HCl solution leaching, wherein (NH)4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of the sodium chloride is 250g/L, the mass fraction of HCl is 15%, and after leaching for 1 hour, filtering and separating to obtain a silicate solution, Ag and aluminum metals;
s5: and (4) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water for recycling to obtain lead.
The recovery rate of iron is up to 97.8% by detection; the recovery rate of lead is 98 percent; the recovery rate of aluminum is 98.9 percent; silicon, sodium, calcium, zinc and copper enter the silicate, and the recovery rate of silicon is 97 percent; the recovery of silver was 98.2%.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the gold tailings are activated, and the used gold tailings comprise the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.01mg/kg, Ag: 16.5mg/kg, TFe: 30.5%, S: 7.88%, Cu: 0.066%, Pb: 0.24% of Al2O3：5.67％，SiO2：19.58％，CaO：3.59％，MgO：1.07％，Na2O：0.05％，K2O：0.03％，Zn：0.67％。
The gold tailings are activated, as shown in fig. 1, and comprise the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder;
s2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And an excitant, and then the mixture is evenly mixed to prepare the mixed raw material of the metal tailingsFeeding; wherein the excitant is sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3: 1; metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1:2.35: 0.016.
S3: roasting the mixed raw material obtained in the step S2 at normal pressure, wherein the roasting temperature is 1050 ℃ and the roasting time is 45 minutes, so as to obtain flue gas and roasted active clinker;
s4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-HCl solution leaching, wherein (NH)4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of the sodium chloride is 260g/L, the mass fraction of HCl is 18%, and after leaching is carried out for 55 minutes, a silicate solution and gold and aluminum metals are obtained through filtration and separation;
s5: and (4) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water to recover and obtain gold.
The recovery rate of iron is up to 97.8% by detection; the recovery rate of gold is 98 percent; the recovery rate of aluminum is 98.2%; the silicon, sodium, calcium, zinc and copper enter the silicate, and the recovery rate of the silicon is 97 percent.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the copper tailings are activated, and the used copper tailings comprise the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.45% of SiO2：67.4％，Al2O3：14.97％，CaO：3.65％，MgO：2.93％，K2O：3.7％，Na2O：0.27％，Fe2O3：2.84％，FeO：1.56％，S：1.33％，TiO2：0.73％，P2O5：0.24％，MnO：0.03％，Zn：26mg/kg，As：15mg/kg，Cd：2.8mg/kg，Ni：0.0004％。
The copper tailings are activated, as shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder.
S2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the excitant is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5:1Sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate; metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1:2.98: 0.02.
S3: and (4) introducing nitrogen into the mixed raw material obtained in the step (S2) at normal pressure to perform anaerobic roasting at 1070 ℃ for 40 minutes to obtain flue gas and roasted active clinker.
S4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-HCl leaching, wherein (NH)4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of (2) is 150g/L, the mass fraction of HCl is 18%, and after leaching for 45 minutes, filtering and separating to obtain a silicate solution and an aluminum metal precipitate.
S5: and (5) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water, and recovering to obtain Cd and arsenic.
The recovery rate of iron is up to 98.4% by detection; the recovery rate of aluminum is 98.7%; silicon, titanium, calcium, zinc and magnesium enter the silicate, and the recovery rate of silicon is 99 percent; the recovery rate of Cd is 97%; the arsenic recovery was 98%.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the molybdenum tailings are activated, and the molybdenum tailings are mainly prepared from the chemical components with the weight percentage content of SiO2：77.4％，Al2O3：11.07％，Fe2O3：1.73％，TiO2：0.25％，K2O：3.5％，Na2O：1.55％，MgO：0.47％，CaO：0.59％，P2O5：0.1％，Cu：0.01％，SO3：0.13％，MnO：0.13％，Mo：0.01％，PbO：0.002％。
The molybdenum tailings are activated, as shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder.
S2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the excitant is sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2.3: 1; metal tailOre: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1:1.5: 0.015.
S3: and (4) introducing nitrogen into the mixed raw material obtained in the step (S2) at normal pressure to perform anaerobic roasting, wherein the roasting temperature is 1050 ℃, and the roasting time is 50min to obtain flue gas and roasted active clinker.
S4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-HCl leaching, wherein (NH)4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of (A) is 255g/L, and the mass fraction of HCl is 15 percent; after leaching for 40 minutes, filtering and separating to obtain a silicate solution and an aluminum metal precipitate. (NH)4)2SO4-HCl
S5: and (4) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water for recycling to obtain lead.
The recovery rate of iron reaches 96.9 percent through detection; the recovery rate of aluminum is 98.3 percent; the recovery rate of lead is 95 percent; the silicon, titanium, calcium and magnesium enter the silicate, and the recovery rate of the silicon is 99 percent.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the rare earth tailings are activated, and the used rare earth tailings comprise the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 18.5%, S: 1.33%, F: 11.45%, P: 1.53%, K2O：3.7％，CaO：22.65％，FeO：2.56％，SiO2：14.04％，MgO：2.73％，Al2O3：1.17％，REO：5.57％，Nb2O5：0.182％，K2O：0.7％，Na2O: 5.27 percent; REO is cerium oxide.
The rare earth tailings are activated, as shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder.
S2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the excitant is sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3: 1; metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the nature of the triggerThe amount ratio is 1:2: 0.02.
S3: and (4) roasting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (S2) at the normal pressure, wherein the roasting temperature is 1090 ℃ and the roasting time is 25 minutes, so that smoke and roasted active clinker are obtained.
S4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-HCl leaching, wherein (NH)4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of the sodium chloride is 280g/L, the mass fraction of HCl is 17%, and after leaching is carried out for 40 minutes, a silicate solution and aluminum metal are obtained through filtration and separation;
s5: and (4) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water for recycling to obtain lead.
The detection proves that the recovery rate of aluminum is 99%, the recovery rate of iron reaches 98.2%, and the recovery rate of lead is 97%; nb, magnesium and calcium enter into sulfate solution.
Example 6
In this embodiment, iron ore is activated, and the used iron tailings comprise the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 18.22% of Al2O3：2.64％，K2O：1.71％，SiO2：20.32％，Cr：0.003％，Cu：0.05％，Pb：0.0022％，Mn：0.583％，Hg：1.89％，CaO：1.95％，Ni：0.024％，Ba：8.24％。
Activating the iron tailings, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder;
s2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the excitant is sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2.7: 1; metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1:2.5: 0.02.
S3: roasting the mixed raw material obtained in the step S2 at normal pressure, wherein the roasting temperature is 1065 ℃ and the roasting time is 35 minutes to obtain flue gas and roasted active clinker;
s4: activity of roastingRecovering iron from clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) for residual material4)2SO4-HCl solution leaching, wherein (NH)4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of the sodium chloride is 245g/L, the mass fraction of HCl is 14 percent, and after leaching for 50 minutes, a silicate solution is obtained by filtration and separation;
s5: and (4) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water for recycling to obtain mercury and chromium.
Mercury, Cd or As are not detected through detection; mn, Ba, Ca and the like enter the silicate, and the recovery rate of iron reaches 97 percent; the mercury recovery rate is 98 percent; the chromium recovery rate is 95 percent; some of the chromium enters the silicate.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art can change or modify the technical content disclosed above into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for activating metal tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: grinding the metal tailings to 200-250 meshes of metal tailing powder;
s2: adding Na into the metal tailing powder obtained in the step S12CO3And exciting agent, mixing uniformly to obtain metal tailing mixed raw material; wherein the metal tailings: na (Na)2CO3: the mass ratio of the exciting agent is 1: 0.698-2.98: 0.01-0.02;
s3: roasting the mixed raw material obtained in the step S2 at normal pressure to obtain roasted active clinker;
s4: recovering iron from roasted active clinker by magnetic separation, and using (NH) as residual material4)2SO4-leaching with HCl solution, filtering and separating after leaching to obtain a silicate solution and aluminum, zinc or copper metal;
s5: and (5) introducing the flue gas obtained after roasting in the step S3 into water to recover mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium or arsenic.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the excitant includes sodium aluminate, coal powder and sodium sulfate.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the mass ratio of the sodium aluminate, the coal powder and the sodium sulfate is 1: 1-3: 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the firing is 1050 to 1100 ℃ in step S3.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the roasting time is 20-60 minutes.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the firing is oxygen-free firing and is performed by introducing nitrogen or inert gas in step S3.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the (NH) is4)2SO4-HCl solution (NH)4)2SO4The concentration of the HCl is 230-280 g/L, the mass fraction of the HCl is 10-20%, and the leaching time is 40-60 minutes.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the tailings include, but are not limited to, any one or more of lead-zinc tailings, gold-silver tailings, copper tailings, molybdenum tailings, rare earth tailings, or iron tailings.
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