CN111100968B - Full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system and smelting process - Google Patents
Full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system and smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111100968B CN111100968B CN202010113020.5A CN202010113020A CN111100968B CN 111100968 B CN111100968 B CN 111100968B CN 202010113020 A CN202010113020 A CN 202010113020A CN 111100968 B CN111100968 B CN 111100968B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking, and provides a full scrap continuous steelmaking system and a smelting process, wherein a scrap smelting process is divided into six processes of preheating, melting, primary smelting, refining, finishing and casting, different smelting processes are carried out in different devices, and through the cooperation of continuous feeding and continuous casting, the dynamic balance of the flow of substances and energy in a smelting bed, a refining bed and a tundish is kept, so that stable, efficient, low-cost, high-quality and long-life full scrap continuous steelmaking production is realized; by using the invention, the power consumption of each ton of steel is reduced by more than 50kWh, the energy consumption is reduced by more than 10kgce, the product quality is improved, the smelting rhythm is accelerated, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a full scrap steel continuous steel making system and a process.
Background
At present, the production of a finished casting blank from scrap steel mainly depends on an electric arc furnace steelmaking system, and the system is divided into three procedures of electric arc furnace steelmaking, refining and continuous casting. The modern electric arc furnace steelmaking system realizes the preheating of scrap steel through continuous feeding equipment, realizes the continuous feeding production of the electric arc furnace to a certain extent, realizes the continuous production of casting blanks through continuous casting equipment, and still realizes the open intermittent production process of smelting and transportation.
At present, electric arc furnaces realize quasi-continuous charging, which is represented by a Consisti electric arc furnace and a vertical electric arc furnace; the Consedi electric arc furnace adopts horizontal continuous charging equipment to charge materials in the early stage of smelting; when the electric arc furnace reaches the later stage of smelting, feeding is stopped, and no scrap steel exists in the scrap steel preheating section, so that waste of high-temperature flue gas waste heat is caused, the scrap steel preheating effect is reduced, and great energy waste is caused. The vertical electric arc furnace adopts a continuous feeding vertical shaft, the inside of the vertical electric arc furnace adopts a bracket to control the feeding process of the scrap steel, the scrap steel is fed in the early stage of smelting, the scrap steel is not fed in the later stage, and the vertical electric arc furnace is simultaneously faced to the difficult problem that the scrap steel is stuck to the bracket and cannot realize full-flow continuous feeding.
The electric arc furnace has different power supply requirements in different smelting periods, cannot stably output with the maximum power of the transformer during working, and has continuous change of electric arc, so that huge impact is generated on a power grid, and the problems of low utilization efficiency of the transformer, poor electric energy quality and the like are caused.
The operation processes of smelting production equipment such as an electric arc furnace, an LF furnace and the like are different in different smelting periods, but the conditions in the furnaces are complex, so that accurate judgment cannot be carried out, and operation is mainly carried out by depending on the experience of workers, so that the operation error is large, and the production is unstable; meanwhile, the conditions in the furnace are different in different smelting periods, the temperature and the component change greatly, and the distribution in the furnace is uneven, so that the problems of serious corrosion of refractory materials, overheating damage of equipment and the like are caused, and the service life of the furnace body is influenced.
The electric arc furnace steelmaking system adopts discontinuous steel ladles to enter each production station in batches, and finally continuous production of casting blanks is carried out through continuous casting equipment, so that the problems of large temperature drop of molten steel, high content of N and H in the molten steel and the like are caused by the inevitable conditions of unsmooth connection among working procedures, ladle pouring and exposure of the molten steel to air and the like in the steel ladle conveying process; resulting in high smelting energy consumption and material consumption, low product quality and high production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing electric arc furnace steelmaking system equipment and process, provides a stable, efficient, low-cost, high-quality and long-life all-scrap continuous steelmaking system and process, realizes stable production, shortens the product smelting period, reduces smelting energy consumption and material consumption, increases the utilization efficiency of a transformer, relieves the quality problem of electric energy generated by smelting, improves the product quality and prolongs the service life of equipment.
The invention relates to a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system (shown in figure 1 and figure 2), which comprises a smelting bed, a refining bed, a tundish and a continuous casting machine, wherein the smelting bed is arranged on the top of the refining bed; the smelting bed is divided into a continuous feeding vertical shaft, a melting section and an oxidation section, the continuous feeding vertical shaft is arranged above the feeding end of the smelting bed, the melting section and the oxidation section are separated by a retaining wall, one side of the feeding end of the smelting bed is the melting section, and one side of the discharging end of the smelting bed is the oxidation section; the refining bed feeding end is located below the smelting bed discharging end and connected through a tapping water gap, the tundish feeding end is located below the refining bed discharging end and connected through a long water gap, and the continuous casting machine is located below the tundish and connected through an immersion water gap.
Furthermore, the smelting bed (see figure 4) is of a closed structure and is divided into a continuous feeding vertical shaft, a melting section and an oxidation section, and the smelting bed further comprises a retaining wall, a retaining wall channel, a transmission belt, a furnace top charging device, a burner, a charging hole, a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, a direct current electrode, a bottom electrode, a tapping hole, a slag hole and a furnace bed cover. The smelting bed is built by refractory materials; the continuous feeding vertical shaft is erected above the feeding end of a smelting bed, the melting section and the oxidation section are separated by a retaining wall, a flue gas channel is reserved at the upper part of the retaining wall, the retaining wall channel is built at the lower part of the retaining wall and connected with the melting section and the oxidation section, the retaining wall channel is of an L-shaped structure, steel is discharged by a siphon principle, and the flow of molten steel can be controlled by a stopper rod; the conveying belt is a feeding belt and is communicated with the furnace top charging equipment; the furnace top charging equipment is arranged at the top of the vertical shaft and used for charging the conveyed scrap steel into the vertical shaft; the burner is positioned at the bottom of the vertical shaft; the charging hole is arranged at the top of the smelting bed and is used for charging various auxiliary materials, and optionally, an oxygen lance or a temperature measurement sampling device or an electrode extends into the smelting bed through the charging hole; the furnace wall coherent oxygen lance is arranged on the side wall of the smelting bed and plays roles in fluxing scrap steel and converting by blowing for slagging; the direct current electrode is inserted into the melting section, the distance between the direct current electrode and the continuous feeding vertical shaft is not less than 2 m, and correspondingly, a bottom electrode is arranged at the bottom of the melting section; the smelted molten steel flows out through the molten steel outlet and enters the next station; the tapping hole is connected with the smelting bed and the refining bed; the slag outlet is arranged on the side wall of the smelting bed, and the smelting bed cover is positioned at the top of the smelting bed and can be opened.
The refining bed (shown in figure 5) is of a closed structure and comprises an online powder spraying device, a bottom blowing element, a feeding port, a flue, a slag hole, a slag wall channel and a long water gap; the refining bed is built by refractory materials; the online powder spraying device is inserted into the molten steel outlet and sprays deoxidizing powder into molten steel; the bottom blowing element is arranged at the bottom of the refining bed; the charging hole is arranged at the top of the refining bed, and optionally, an oxygen lance or a temperature measurement sampling device or an electrode extends into the refining bed through the charging hole; the flue is positioned at the top of the refining bed and close to one end of the tundish; the slag outlet is positioned on the side wall of the refining bed; the slag wall is built at one end of the refining bed close to the tundish, the lower part of the slag wall is built with the slag wall channel which is connected with two ends of the refining bed, the slag wall channel is of an L-shaped structure, steel is discharged by a siphon principle, and the flow of molten steel can be controlled by using a stopper rod; the long nozzle is connected with the refining bed and the tundish and extends below the liquid level of the tundish steel.
The tundish is of a closed structure and comprises an immersion type water gap; the tundish is connected with the continuous casting machine through the submerged nozzle and extends below the liquid level of the steel in the crystallizer of the continuous casting machine.
A smelting process adopting the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system is characterized in that the dynamic balance of the flow of substances and energy in a smelting bed, a refining bed and a tundish is kept through the cooperation of continuous feeding and a continuous casting process, and the process comprises the following steps:
t0～t1stage (2): the stage is that the scrap steel is preheated in a continuous feeding vertical shaft until entering a melting section;
t1～t2stage (2): the stage is that the scrap steel is melted in the melting section and flows to the oxidation section;
t2～t3stage (2): the stage is that the molten steel flows to the refining bed in the oxidation stage;
t3～t4stage (2): the stage is that molten steel flows to a tundish in a refining bed;
t4～t5stage (2): the stage is that molten steel enters a tundish to form a casting blank.
In the smelting process, scrap steel is conveyed by a belt and added into the continuous feeding vertical shaft, contacts with high-temperature flue gas in the process of descending from the top end, is preheated until the scrap steel falls into the melting section, and is melted into molten steel in the melting section; blowing oxygen for primary smelting of the molten steel in the oxidation section, wherein the molten steel after primary smelting passes through the molten steel outlet and is sprayed with deoxidizing powder, and then the molten steel flows into the refining bed for refining to reach temperature components meeting requirements; and the molten steel after refining flows to the tundish through the long nozzle, the temperature components of the molten steel are homogenized in the molten steel, and further, the homogenized and qualified molten steel flows to the crystallizer of the continuous casting machine through the submerged nozzle, so that a qualified finished casting blank is finally obtained.
Further, high-temperature flue gas generated in the smelting process of the melting section and the oxidation section is uniformly secondarily combusted through the burner, enters the continuous feeding vertical shaft to preheat scrap steel and is discharged; and flue gas generated in the smelting process of the refining bed is discharged from the flue.
Further, in the smelting process, electric energy and chemical energy are input into the melting section, scrap steel is melted and the temperature is raised; inputting chemical energy into the oxidation section, smelting molten steel and heating; optionally, a direct current electrode is extended into the smelting bed and/or the refining bed through the feed inlet and/or the feed inlet, a bottom electrode is arranged at the bottom of the smelting bed and/or the refining bed, electric energy is input into the molten steel, and the molten steel is heated and heated.
Further, t0～t1The stage time is controlled to be 5-20 min; t is t1～t2The stage time is controlled to be 10-30 min; t is t2～t3The stage time is controlled to be 10-30 min; t is t3～t4The stage time is controlled to be 20-50 min; t is t4～t5The stage time is controlled within 5-20 min.
Further, at t0～t1The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that waste steel enters a continuous feeding vertical shaft, and descends to a melting section along with time, then secondary combustion is carried out on smoke of a smelting bed by using a burner, and high-temperature smoke enters the vertical shaft to heat the waste steel; at t1～t2The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: electrifying to melt the scrap steel, using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance to flux or slag, adding auxiliary materials such as lime, carbon powder and the like through a feed inlet, and controlling the slag outlet to automatically flow slag; at t2～t3The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: carrying out converting and slagging on the molten steel by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, and then adding auxiliary materials such as lime and the like through a charging hole to control the automatic slag flowing of a slag outlet; at t3～t4The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: blowing deoxidizing powder to the molten steel by using an online powder spraying device, then measuring the temperature of the molten steel and sampling through a feeding opening, performing heating or feeding operation on the temperature components of the molten steel at the next feeding opening by adopting an electrode or a feeding bin, adjusting the temperature components of the molten steel, performing automatic slag flowing operation by adopting a furnace door, and performing argon blowing and stirring by using a bottom blowing element; at t4～t5The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: and (3) homogenizing the temperature components of the molten steel in the tundish, selecting a heating and bottom argon blowing process, controlling the molten steel to reach a preset molten steel temperature component standard, and then feeding the molten steel into a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine to form a casting blank.
The invention also provides a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking process by utilizing the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system, all stations of a first furnace of the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system are put into production in sequence, and continuous steelmaking production can be realized after the operation is finished, and the process comprises the following steps:
T0～T1stage (2): the material distribution stage in the melting stage;
T1～T2stage (2): the stage is that the scrap steel is melted in the melting section and flows to the oxidation section;
T2～T3stage (2): the stage is that molten steel is blown with oxygen in an oxidation section to be primarily smelted and flows to a refining bed;
T3～T4stage (2): the stage is that the molten steel after primary smelting is refined in a refining bed;
T4～T5stage (2): the stage is that the refined molten steel flows from a refining bed to a tundish;
T5～T6stage (2): the stage is that molten steel enters a tundish to form a casting blank;
at T0～T1The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: opening the furnace cover, uniformly distributing the material at the bottom of the melting section, and closingClosing the retaining wall channel; at T1～T2The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: the electrode falls down, fluxing or slagging is carried out by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, lime and carbon powder auxiliary materials are added through a charging hole, and automatic slag flowing of the slag hole is controlled; after the scrap steel in the melting section is completely melted down, adding the scrap steel into the continuous feeding vertical shaft, opening the secondary combustion smoke of the burner to preheat the scrap steel, and then opening a retaining wall channel to enable the molten steel to flow to the oxidation section; at T2～T3The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: carrying out converting and slagging on the molten steel by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, and then adding lime auxiliary materials through a charging hole to control automatic slag flowing of a slag outlet; when the liquid level of the steel in the oxidation section is level with the liquid level of the steel in the melting section, opening a steel tapping hole to enable the initially-smelted steel liquid to flow into a refining bed, and paying attention to the adjustment of the opening degree of a retaining wall channel and the steel tapping hole to keep the liquid level of a molten pool in the melting section and the oxidation section stable; at T3～T4The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: blowing deoxidizing powder to the primarily refined molten steel by using an online powder spraying device, measuring the temperature of the molten steel and sampling the molten steel through a feeding port, feeding or heating the temperature of the molten steel by adopting an electrode or a feeding bin aiming at the temperature component of the molten steel at the next feeding port, adjusting the temperature component of the molten steel, then blowing argon by using a bottom blowing element for stirring to reach the temperature component meeting the requirement, and opening a slag wall channel when the liquid level of the molten steel in a refining bed is close to a slag outlet; at T4～T5The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: when the steel liquid levels at the two ends of the slag-stopping wall channel are level, the long water gap is opened, the opening degrees of the slag-stopping wall channel and the long water gap are adjusted, and the liquid level of a molten pool in a refining bed is kept stable; at T5～T6The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: and (3) homogenizing the temperature components of the molten steel in the tundish, selecting a heating and bottom argon blowing process, controlling the molten steel to reach a preset molten steel temperature component standard, opening the submerged nozzle when the molten steel in the tundish reaches a preset weight, and allowing the molten steel to enter a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine to form a casting blank.
Further, T0～T1The stage time is controlled to be 5-20 min; t is1～T2The stage time is controlled to be 10-30 min; t is2～T3The stage time is controlled to be 10-30 min; t is3～T4The stage time is controlled at 20-50min；T4～T5The stage time is controlled at 5-20min, T5～T6The stage time is controlled within 5-20 min.
Further, at T3～T4Stage (2): the deoxidizing powder comprises deoxidizing agents such as carbon powder, coal powder and the like, and the particle size of the deoxidizing powder is 15 mu m-3.0 mm;
furthermore, the smelting bed, the refining bed, the tundish and the continuous casting machine are arranged from high to low, the smelting bed comprises a continuous feeding vertical shaft, and the height of the plant is 20-40m higher than that of a common electric arc furnace plant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a) the continuous feeding vertical shaft is used for continuously inputting raw materials into the smelting bed, the smelting bed has the functions of pre-melting the scrap steel and blowing oxygen for primary smelting, the molten steel flows into the refining bed through the steel tapping hole, flows through the refining bed, is heated, fed and the like to obtain molten steel with qualified temperature components, and then enters the tundish and further flows to the continuous casting machine to obtain a casting blank; the system realizes closed continuous steelmaking production, prevents the molten steel from contacting with air, improves the production efficiency and the product quality, and effectively reduces the waste of smelting raw and auxiliary materials.
b) In the continuous steelmaking system, raw materials are continuously added, and molten steel continuously flows out, so that the dynamic balance of the flow of substances and energy in the system is realized; the electrode power supply is kept stable, the arc length and each power consumption parameter are kept constant, the power grid public hazard is greatly reduced, and the transformer is ensured to maintain higher utilization efficiency; furthermore, different smelting periods are carried out in different equipment, so that the stability of the internal production process and the internal conditions of each equipment is kept, the operation error is reduced, the service life of the furnace body is prolonged, and the production stability is enhanced.
c) The continuous steel-making system realizes continuous feeding of the scrap steel, and the flue gas generated in the electric arc furnace enters the continuous feeding vertical shaft to preheat the scrap steel after secondary combustion.
d) By using the invention, the power consumption of each ton of steel is reduced by more than 50kWh, the energy consumption is reduced by more than 10kgce, the product quality is improved, the smelting rhythm is accelerated, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a portion of a melting furnace 1 in an all-scrap continuous steelmaking system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a structure of a flat longitudinal section of a refining bed 2 portion in an all-steel scrap continuous steelmaking system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a smelting flow chart of a continuous steelmaking system according to example 2 of the present invention, and is a comparison of the smelting flow chart of a conventional electric arc furnace steelmaking system.
Wherein: 1-a smelting bed; 101-continuous feed shaft; 102-a melting section; 103-oxidation section; 104-retaining wall; 105-retaining wall channels; 106-conveying belt; 107-a top charging installation; 108-a burner; 109-a feed inlet; 110-furnace wall coherent oxygen lance; 111-electrodes; 112-bottom electrode; 113-a steel tapping hole; 114-a slag outlet; 115-a hearth cover; 2-refining bed; 201-online powder spraying device; 202-bottom blowing element; 203-a feed inlet; 204-flue; 205-a slag outlet; 206-slag wall; 207-slag trap channel; 208-the tap water gap; 3-tundish; 301-submerged entry nozzle; 4-continuous casting machine.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals appearing in the respective drawings denote the same features or components, and may be applied to different embodiments.
Example 1
In the embodiment, when the process is applied to the first furnace of the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system and begins to smelt, the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) 0-10 min: the material distribution stage in the melting section;
the specific process comprises the following steps: opening a hearth cover to uniformly distribute materials at the bottom of the melting section, and closing a retaining wall channel;
(2) 10-30 min: the stage is that the scrap steel is melted into molten steel in the melting section and flows to the oxidation section;
the specific process comprises the following steps: the electrode falls down, a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance is used for fluxing, auxiliary materials such as lime, carbon powder and the like are added through a charging hole, and automatic slag flowing at a slag outlet is controlled; after the scrap steel in the melting section is completely melted down, adding the scrap steel into the continuous feeding vertical shaft, opening the secondary combustion smoke of the burner to preheat the scrap steel, and further opening a retaining wall channel to enable the molten steel to flow to the oxidation section;
(3) 30-45 min: the stage is that molten steel is blown with oxygen in an oxidation section to be primarily smelted and flows to a refining bed;
the specific process comprises the following steps: carrying out converting and slagging on the molten steel by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, and further, adding auxiliary materials such as lime and the like through a feeding port to control the automatic slag flowing at a slag outlet; when the liquid level of the steel in the oxidation section is level with the liquid level of the steel in the melting section, opening a steel tapping hole to enable the initially-smelted steel liquid to flow into a refining bed, and paying attention to the adjustment of the opening degree of a retaining wall channel and the steel tapping hole to keep the liquid level of a molten pool in the melting section and the oxidation section stable;
(4) 45-80 min: the stage is that the molten steel after primary smelting is refined in a refining bed;
the specific process comprises the following steps: using an online powder spraying device to spray carbon powder to the primarily-refined molten steel, measuring the temperature of the molten steel and sampling through a charging hole, heating or charging the molten steel by adopting an electrode or a charging bin at the next charging hole according to the components and the temperature of the molten steel, adjusting the temperature components of the molten steel, further using a bottom blowing element to blow argon and stir the molten steel to reach the temperature components meeting the requirements, and opening a slag wall channel when the liquid level of the molten steel in the refining bed reaches the position close to a slag outlet;
(5) 80-90 min: the stage is that the refined molten steel flows from a refining bed to a tundish;
the specific process comprises the following steps: when the steel liquid levels at the two ends of the slag-stopping wall channel are level, opening the long water gap, and adjusting the opening degrees of the slag-stopping wall channel and the long water gap to keep the molten pool liquid level in the refining bed stable;
(6) and (5) 90-100 min: the stage is that molten steel enters a tundish to form a casting blank;
the specific process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) homogenizing molten steel components in a tundish, selecting heating, bottom argon blowing and other processes, controlling the molten steel to reach a preset molten steel temperature component standard, and further opening a submerged nozzle when enough molten steel is in the tundish, so that the molten steel enters a continuous casting machine crystallizer to form a casting blank;
example 2
In the embodiment, the process is applied to smelting Q235A of a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) 0-5 min: this stage is a scrap preheating in the continuous feed shaft until entering the smelt bed stage:
the specific process comprises the following steps: adding the scrap steel into the vertical shaft, carrying out secondary combustion on the smoke of the smelting bed by using an oxygen combustion burner, and heating the scrap steel by allowing high-temperature smoke to enter the vertical shaft;
(2) 5-20 min: the stage is a melting and temperature rising stage of the scrap steel in a melting section:
the specific process comprises the following steps: electrifying to melt the scrap steel, using the furnace wall coherent oxygen lance 203 to flux or slag, further adding auxiliary materials such as lime, carbon powder and the like through a feed inlet, and controlling the slag outlet to automatically flow slag;
(3) 20-35 min: the stage is that molten steel flows to a refining bed in an oxidation stage:
the specific process comprises the following steps: carrying out converting and slagging on the molten steel by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, and further, adding auxiliary materials such as lime and the like through a feeding port to control the automatic slag flowing at a slag outlet;
(4) 35-70 min: the stage is that molten steel enters a tundish to form a casting blank:
the specific process comprises the following steps: using an online powder spraying device to spray carbon powder to molten steel entering a furnace, measuring the temperature of the molten steel and sampling through a feeding port, and carrying out different operations of heating or feeding through an electrode or a feeding bin at the next feeding port according to specific conditions, adjusting the temperature and components of the molten steel, controlling the automatic slag flowing at a slag outlet, and further carrying out argon blowing and stirring by using a bottom blowing element;
(5) 70-80 min: the stage is that molten steel flows to a crystallizer in a refining bed:
the specific process comprises the following steps: molten steel components are uniformly distributed in the tundish, preferably, the processes of heating, bottom argon blowing and the like are selected, the molten steel is controlled to reach the preset molten steel temperature component standard, and further, the molten steel enters a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine to form a casting blank;
after the process is adopted, the nitrogen content in the steel is controlled to be below 50ppm, the hydrogen content is controlled to be below 10ppm, the power consumption per ton of steel is reduced by more than 50kWh, the energy consumption is reduced by more than 10kgce, the smelting period is shortened by 45min, the product quality is improved, the smelting rhythm is accelerated, and the production cost is reduced.
While embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A smelting process adopting a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system is characterized in that the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system comprises a smelting bed (1), a refining bed (2), a tundish (3) and a continuous casting machine (4); the smelting bed (1) is divided into three parts, namely a continuous feeding vertical shaft (101), a melting section (102) and an oxidation section (103), wherein the continuous feeding vertical shaft (101) is arranged above the feeding end of the smelting bed, the melting section (102) and the oxidation section (103) are separated by a retaining wall (104), the melting section (102) is arranged on one side of the feeding end of the smelting bed, and the oxidation section (103) is arranged on one side of the discharging end of the smelting bed; the feeding end of the refining bed (2) is positioned below the discharging end of the smelting bed and is connected through a tapping nozzle (113), the feeding end of the tundish (3) is positioned below the discharging end of the refining bed (2) and is connected through a long nozzle (207), and the continuous casting machine (4) is positioned below the tundish (5) and is connected through an immersion nozzle (301);
the smelting process keeps the dynamic balance of the flow of materials and energy in a smelting bed, a refining bed and a tundish by matching continuous feeding with a continuous casting process, and comprises the following steps:
t0～t1stage (2): the stage is that the scrap steel is preheated in a continuous feeding vertical shaft until entering a melting section;
t1～t2stage (2): the stage is that the scrap steel is melted in the melting section and flows to the oxidation section;
t2～t3stage (2): the stage is that the molten steel flows to the refining bed in the oxidation stage;
t3～t4stage (2): the stage is that molten steel flows to a tundish in a refining bed;
t4～t5stage (2): the stage is that molten steel enters a tundish to form a casting blank;
in the smelting process, scrap steel is conveyed by a belt and added into the continuous feeding vertical shaft, contacts with high-temperature flue gas in the process of descending from the top end, is preheated until the scrap steel falls into the melting section, and is melted into molten steel in the melting section; blowing oxygen for primary smelting of the molten steel in the oxidation section, wherein the molten steel after primary smelting passes through the molten steel outlet and is sprayed with deoxidizing powder, and then the molten steel flows into the refining bed for refining to reach temperature components meeting requirements; and the molten steel after refining flows to the tundish through the long nozzle, the temperature components of the molten steel are homogenized in the molten steel, and further, the homogenized and qualified molten steel flows to the crystallizer of the continuous casting machine through the submerged nozzle, so that a qualified finished casting blank is finally obtained.
2. The smelting process of the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system according to claim 1, wherein high-temperature flue gas generated in the smelting process in the melting section and the oxidation section is uniformly subjected to secondary combustion through a burner, enters the continuous feeding vertical shaft and preheats scrap steel and is discharged; and flue gas generated in the smelting process of the refining bed is discharged from the flue.
3. The smelting process of the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system according to claim 1, wherein in the smelting process, electric energy and chemical energy are input into the melting section to melt the scrap steel and raise the temperature; inputting chemical energy into the oxidation section, smelting molten steel and heating; and a direct current electrode is extended into the smelting bed and/or the refining bed through a feed inlet of the smelting bed and/or a feed inlet of the refining bed, a bottom electrode is arranged at the bottom of the smelting bed and/or the refining bed, and electric energy is input into the molten steel to heat the molten steel.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein t is0～t1The stage time is controlled to be 5-20 min; t is t1～t2The stage time is controlled to be 10-30 min; t is t2～t3The stage time is controlled to be 10-30 min; t is t3～t4The stage time is controlled to be 20-50 min; t is t4～t5The stage time is controlled within 5-20 min.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein at t0～t1The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that waste steel enters a continuous feeding vertical shaft, and descends to a melting section along with time, then secondary combustion is carried out on smoke of a smelting bed by using a burner, and high-temperature smoke enters the vertical shaft to heat the waste steel; at t1～t2The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: electrifying to melt the scrap steel, using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance to flux or slag, adding lime and carbon powder auxiliary materials through a feed inlet, and controlling the slag outlet to automatically flow slag; at t2～t3The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: carrying out converting and slagging on the molten steel by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, and then adding lime auxiliary materials through a charging hole to control automatic slag flowing of a slag outlet; at t3～t4The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: blowing deoxidizing powder to molten steel by using an on-line powder spraying device, measuring the temperature of the molten steel by a charging opening, sampling, and adopting electrodes or adding additives to the next charging opening according to the temperature components of the molten steelHeating or feeding the stock bin, adjusting the temperature component of the molten steel, performing automatic slag flowing operation by adopting a furnace door, and performing argon blowing and stirring by using a bottom blowing element; at t4～t5The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: and (3) homogenizing the temperature components of the molten steel in the tundish, selecting a heating and bottom argon blowing process, controlling the molten steel to reach a preset molten steel temperature component standard, and then feeding the molten steel into a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine to form a casting blank.
6. A smelting process adopting a full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system is characterized in that the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system comprises a smelting bed (1), a refining bed (2), a tundish (3) and a continuous casting machine (4); the smelting bed (1) is divided into three parts, namely a continuous feeding vertical shaft (101), a melting section (102) and an oxidation section (103), wherein the continuous feeding vertical shaft (101) is arranged above the feeding end of the smelting bed, the melting section (102) and the oxidation section (103) are separated by a retaining wall (104), the melting section (102) is arranged on one side of the feeding end of the smelting bed, and the oxidation section (103) is arranged on one side of the discharging end of the smelting bed; the feeding end of the refining bed (2) is positioned below the discharging end of the smelting bed and is connected through a tapping nozzle (113), the feeding end of the tundish (3) is positioned below the discharging end of the refining bed (2) and is connected through a long nozzle (207), and the continuous casting machine (4) is positioned below the tundish (5) and is connected through an immersion nozzle (301);
all stations of a first furnace of the full scrap steel continuous steelmaking system are put into production in sequence, and continuous steelmaking production can be realized after the operation is finished, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
T0～T1stage (2): the material distribution stage in the melting stage;
T1～T2stage (2): the stage is that the scrap steel is melted in the melting section and flows to the oxidation section;
T2～T3stage (2): the stage is that molten steel is blown with oxygen in an oxidation section to be primarily smelted and flows to a refining bed;
T3～T4stage (2): the stage is that the molten steel after primary smelting is refined in a refining bed;
T4～T5stage (2): this stageThe stage is that the refined molten steel flows from a refining bed to a tundish;
T5～T6stage (2): the stage is that molten steel enters a tundish to form a casting blank;
at T0～T1The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: opening a hearth cover, uniformly distributing materials at the bottom of the melting section, and closing a retaining wall channel; at T1～T2The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: the electrode falls down, fluxing or slagging is carried out by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, lime and carbon powder auxiliary materials are added through a charging hole, and automatic slag flowing at a slag outlet is controlled; after the scrap steel in the melting section is completely melted down, adding the scrap steel into the continuous feeding vertical shaft, opening the secondary combustion smoke of the burner to preheat the scrap steel, and then opening a retaining wall channel to enable the molten steel to flow to the oxidation section; at T2～T3The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: carrying out converting and slagging on the molten steel by using a furnace wall coherent oxygen lance, and then adding lime auxiliary materials through a charging hole to control automatic slag flowing of a slag outlet; when the liquid level of the steel in the oxidation section is level with the liquid level of the steel in the melting section, opening a steel tapping hole to enable the initially-smelted steel liquid to flow into a refining bed, and paying attention to the adjustment of the opening degree of a retaining wall channel and the steel tapping hole to keep the liquid level of a molten pool in the melting section and the oxidation section stable; at T3～T4The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: blowing deoxidizing powder to the primarily refined molten steel by using an online powder spraying device, measuring the temperature of the molten steel and sampling the molten steel through a feeding port, feeding or heating the temperature of the molten steel by adopting an electrode or a feeding bin aiming at the temperature component of the molten steel at the next feeding port, adjusting the temperature component of the molten steel, then blowing argon by using a bottom blowing element for stirring to reach the temperature component meeting the requirement, and opening a slag wall channel when the liquid level of the molten steel in a refining bed is close to a slag outlet; at T4～T5The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: when the steel liquid levels at the two ends of the slag-stopping wall channel are level, the long water gap is opened, the opening degrees of the slag-stopping wall channel and the long water gap are adjusted, and the liquid level of a molten pool in a refining bed is kept stable; at T5～T6The specific process of the stage comprises the following steps: the temperature components of the molten steel are homogenized in the tundish, the heating and bottom argon blowing processes are selected, the molten steel is controlled to reach the preset molten steel temperature component standard, the submerged nozzle is opened when the molten steel in the tundish reaches the preset weight,molten steel enters a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine to form a casting blank.
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| CN111635977B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-03-23 | 北京科技大学 | Full-continuous ultrashort electric arc furnace steelmaking flow production equipment and process |
| CN112760449B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-10-25 | 鞍钢铸钢有限公司 | Smelting method of slag steel used by Considel electric furnace |
| CN113136476A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-20 | 新余华峰特钢有限公司 | Slag-removing smelting method for waste steel |
| CN113215354B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-08-02 | 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 | Electric furnace full scrap steel smelting process |
| CN113481349B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-03-04 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous online refining equipment and production process for molten steel |
| CN115386678B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-11-21 | 中南大学 | Smelting state and furnace number identification method based on EAF-LF-VD-CC steelmaking process |
| CN115449592B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2023-08-18 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | High-efficiency heating and temperature rising method for molten scrap steel and molten iron LF furnace |
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