CN111098194A - Cutter-grinding machining method for slotting of screw tap - Google Patents
Cutter-grinding machining method for slotting of screw tap Download PDFInfo
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- CN111098194A CN111098194A CN201911424998.7A CN201911424998A CN111098194A CN 111098194 A CN111098194 A CN 111098194A CN 201911424998 A CN201911424998 A CN 201911424998A CN 111098194 A CN111098194 A CN 111098194A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/18—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of taps or reamers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a cutter grinding method for a screw tap groove, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining the times N of the sub-cutter grinding corresponding to the grooving process of the screw tap to be machined and the feed amount of each grinding; s2, calculating the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the Nth grinding; s3, respectively calculating the core thickness difference corresponding to the grinding for the p time and the grinding for the N time as the pull-back distance of the cutter during each grinding; s4, translating the grinding track of the grinding wheel in the Nth grinding along the radial direction of the grinding wheel by the retraction distance to obtain the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter in each grinding; and S5, performing the cutting and grinding processing of the grooved part of the tap to be processed based on the steps S1-S4. The invention provides a cutter-dividing grinding method for a screw tap grooving, which can divide grinding for multiple times by controlling the feed amount in one grooving process, thereby achieving the purposes of avoiding longer auxiliary processing time between processes, improving the processing efficiency, simplifying the user operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of screw tap machining, in particular to a cutter grinding machining method for a screw tap groove.
Background
The screw tap is a standard tool for processing cylindrical and conical internal threads, and has wide application range and various types. The tap is generally produced and sold in large quantities due to the large grinding loss of the tap, but the requirement on the machining precision of the tap workpiece is high. The machining of the screw tap is generally realized through a screw tap grinding machine, and although the screw tap grinding machine is developed rapidly, the production efficiency of the screw tap is improved through the use of a multi-thread screw tap grinding machine, an integral grinding process and the like, so that the machining precision and the performance of the screw tap can be ensured; with the development of numerical control technology, a numerical control screw tap grinding machine is also published, the screw tap is simpler to machine through numerical control multi-shaft linkage, the production efficiency is further improved, and the numerical control screw tap grinding machine is the current production trend of screw taps.
The method is characterized in that a cutting groove of a tap directly forms a front tool face of the tap, the cutting groove affects chip accommodating and chip removing capacity of the tap, the cutting groove intersects with a rear tool face of the tap, a main cutting edge of the tap is formed, the size and distribution of a rake angle of a tap method are directly controlled, cutting capacity of the tap is directly affected, the cutting capacity of the tap is accordingly greatly needed, specifically, a side view of the tap shown in fig. 1 is that a chamfer is shown, a thread structure is shown, a groove structure is shown, a neck is shown, a working part is shown, a calibration part is shown, a diameter is shown, the working part is mainly guaranteed by three processes, namely, a grooving process, a thread process and a chamfering process, a red curve shown in fig. 2 is a section curve of the tap grooving, the size and distribution of the groove area directly affect strength, rigidity and chip accommodating and chip removing capacity of the tap, the larger groove area is the chip accommodating capacity of the tap is higher, but the current tapping process still has the problem that the grinding capacity of the tap is larger, the grinding capacity of the tap is generally not formed by one-time of once machining, the primary machining, otherwise, the loss of the tap is higher, the tap, the cutting operation, the grinding loss of the tap is not only one-grinding operation of the cutting core, and the grinding operation of the cutting core of the tap, and the cutting core of the cutting core, the cutting core of the cutting core, the cutting process is not only one cutting core, the cutting core is not only one cutting core, the cutting operation of the cutting core of the cutting operation of the cutting core, the cutting core of the cutting operation of the cutting core of the cutting process, the cutting core of the cutting process, the cutting core of the cutting core, the cutting process, the cutting core of the cutting process, the cutting core of the cutting core, the cutting core is not only the cutting core, the cutting core is not only one cutting core, the cutting core of the.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, in order to solve the defects in the prior art, a cutter grinding method for the slotting of the screw tap is particularly provided.
A cutter grinding method for tapping a groove of a tap is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the times N of the sub-cutter grinding corresponding to the grooving process of the screw tap to be machined and the feed amount of each grinding;
s2, calculating the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the Nth grinding; wherein the grinding track is determined according to grooving parameters;
s3, calculating a core thickness difference corresponding to the grinding for the p-th time and the grinding for the N-th time as a pull-back distance of the tool for each grinding, where p is 1 to N;
s4, translating the grinding track of the grinding wheel in the Nth grinding along the radial direction of the grinding wheel by the retraction distance to obtain the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter in each grinding;
and S5, performing the cutting and grinding processing of the grooved part of the tap to be processed based on the steps S1-S4.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the calculation formula of the feed amount Q per grinding is as follows:
Q＝(R-coreR)/N；
where R represents the radius of the cutter and coreR represents the radius of the core thickness.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the pull-back distance LpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, perfeedarray (i) represents the feed amount through the i-th grinding.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the S4 further includes: and determining the feed point and the withdrawal point of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during each grinding.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the specific step of determining the feed point and the retract point of the grinding wheel relative to the tool at each grinding includes:
firstly, judging whether the current grinding is not the first grinding or the last grinding; if so, translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to a first track point in a grinding track of the tool, namely a grinding wheel center coordinate, of the grinding wheel by a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel during the grinding for serving as a longitudinal coordinate of a feed point, and translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to a last track point in the grinding track by a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel for serving as a longitudinal coordinate of a tool retracting point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount;
secondly, if the current grinding is the first grinding, translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to the last track point in the grinding track along the radial direction of the grinding wheel for a certain distance to serve as a longitudinal coordinate of a tool retracting point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount;
and finally, if the current grinding is the last grinding, translating the longitudinal coordinate corresponding to the first track point in the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the current grinding for a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel to be used as the longitudinal coordinate of the feed point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a cutter-dividing grinding method for a screw tap grooving, which can divide grinding for multiple times by controlling the feed amount in a grooving process, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the auxiliary processing time between processes, improving the processing efficiency, simplifying the user operation and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art tap construction;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a prior art tap;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the feed rate of the flutes of a prior art tap;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of a grinding wheel relative to a bar during grooving of a tap in the prior art;
fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the corresponding steps of the method according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present application. The first and second elements are both elements, but they are not the same element.
In order to solve the defects that in the prior art, the grinding amount of a slotting process of a screw tap is large, the loss of a grinding wheel is often divided into a plurality of processes, the operation is complicated, the consumed time is long and the like, in the embodiment, a method for processing the slotting of the screw tap is specially provided, as shown in fig. 5, one of the design purposes of the method is to provide a method for realizing the slotting process applied to the existing tool grinding software system (particularly realized in a slotting process part in a screw tap tool series), the method comprises the steps of S1, determining the number N of times of the slotting grinding corresponding to the slotting process of the screw tap to be processed and the feed amount of each grinding, and repeatedly grinding the feed amount in one slotting process to complete the whole slotting process; s2, calculating the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the Nth grinding; wherein the grinding track is determined according to grooving parameters; s3, calculating a core thickness difference corresponding to the grinding for the p-th time and the grinding for the N-th time as a pull-back distance of the tool at each grinding, where p is 1 to N; s4, translating the grinding track of the grinding wheel in the Nth grinding along the radial direction of the grinding wheel by the retraction distance to obtain the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter in each grinding; and S5, performing the cutting and grinding processing of the grooved part of the tap to be processed based on the steps S1-S4. From the core steps, a grooving process is divided into a plurality of times for grinding according to the cycle number, namely, the grinding track of a grinding wheel relative to a cutter when the last cutter groove is ground (grinding Nth time) is firstly calculated according to parameters such as the radius of the cutter, the core thickness difference between grinding (grinding ith time) and grinding at last time is calculated according to the cycle number and the feed amount of each cycle, the core thickness difference is used as a pull-back distance, the grinding track of the grinding wheel of the last cutter groove is translated and pulled back along the radial direction of the grinding wheel, and the grinding track of each circulating grinding wheel relative to the cutter is obtained. On the premise of ensuring the appearance quality, the processing efficiency is improved as much as possible and the operation of a user is simplified. In addition, the cutter grinding device provided by the scheme has the function of realizing multiple grinding in one grooving process.
In some specific embodiments, the calculation formula of the feed amount Q per grinding is as follows:
Q＝(R-coreR)/N；
where R represents the radius of the cutter and coreR represents the radius of the core thickness. Furthermore, the feed amount of each grinding can be modified by a user, namely the feed amount of each slotting can be controlled by setting the cycle number in the slotting process; the user only needs to determine the specific grinding cycle number N, and can automatically calculate the feed amount of each cycle to be (R-core R)/N according to the parameters such as the cycle number, the diameter of the cutter, the core thickness and the like by means of the designed software program, and store the feed amount of the N cycles in an array perFeedArray (edited by Matlab in the embodiment) of the Matlab program for internal calculation of the algorithm. The feed amount per grinding can also be set by the user in a self-setting manner, and is determined by the actual machining requirement.
In some specific embodiments, in order to ensure the processing safety, a feed point and a retraction point are added at the beginning and the end of each grinding cycle to prevent interference collision and the like from influencing the processing effect, and meanwhile, the track points of each cycle are arranged in sequence to further obtain the grinding wheel grinding track of the whole cutter grinding machine; the specific steps of determining the feed point and the retract point of the grinding wheel relative to the tool during each grinding process include: firstly, judging whether the current grinding is not the first grinding or the last grinding; if so, translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to a first track point in a grinding track of the tool by a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel during the grinding for serving as a longitudinal coordinate of a feed point, and translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to a last track point in the grinding track by a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel for serving as a longitudinal coordinate of a tool retracting point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount; secondly, if the current grinding is the first grinding, translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to the last track point in the grinding track along the radial direction of the grinding wheel for a certain distance to serve as a longitudinal coordinate of a tool retracting point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount; and finally, if the current grinding is the last grinding, translating the longitudinal coordinate corresponding to the first track point in the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter at the current grinding for a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel to be used as the longitudinal coordinate of a feed point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount, namely R-coreR.
In some specific embodiments, the related parameters of slotting and the setting conditions are given as follows: the scheme belongs to spiral groove motion actually, a motion model corresponding to the spiral groove motion is shown in fig. 4, a cutter needs to be fixed during concrete modeling, a grinding wheel performs spiral motion relative to the cutter and performs high-speed rotary motion around an axis of the grinding wheel, and the scheme is as follows: wherein the relative attitude of the grinding wheel in spiral motion relative to the cutter is determined by the grooving related parameters required on the design drawing of the cutter; the premise of the research of the scheme is that the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the bar during grooving is known, and the grinding wheel is used for describing a motion model of the grinding wheel in a fixed coordinate system { O; x, y and z, defining the center of a circle, a normal vector, a radial vector and a tangent vector of the grinding wheel, wherein the center of the circle of the grinding wheel is the center of a cross-sectional circle of the end face of the grinding wheel, the normal vector of the grinding wheel is the direction vertical to the surface of the grinding wheel, the direction far away from the width of the grinding wheel is the positive direction, the radial vector of the grinding wheel is the direction vector of the tangent point of the grinding wheel pointing to the center of the cross-sectional circle of the grinding wheel under the current width, and the vector vertical to the normal vector and; the center of the grinding wheel is denoted as wCircle, and the normal vector, radial vector and tangent vector of the grinding wheel are denoted as unit vectors NVect, RVect and TVect, respectively, as shown in fig. 4. Since the whole grooving process is determined by the circle center and the direction vector of the grinding wheel at each moment when the grinding wheel performs spiral motion relative to the cutter, the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter can be described by the circle center and the direction vector of the grinding wheel at each moment. Since the above parts do not belong to the invention of the present application, they are not described in detail, and only the basic principle and parameters are introduced.
In some specific embodiments, 2, calculating a grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter at the Nth grinding time (i.e. opening the last cutter groove); the grinding track is determined according to grooving parameters, wherein the grooving parameters comprise grooving related parameters such as cutter radius, core thickness and rake angle. Preferably, the grinding wheel track information can be stored by a structure variable whelelnfo of Matlab, wherein the structure variable comprises the circle center and the direction vector of the grinding wheel at each moment. Since the specific calculation process of the grinding track can be realized by the existing calculation model, the detailed description is omitted here.
In some specific embodiments, S3 calculates the core thickness difference between grinding p and grinding N times respectivelyP is 1 to N as the pull-back distance of the tool at each grinding; that is, the difference between the thickness of the core of the p (p 1.., N) th grinding and the thickness of the core of the last grinding can be calculated according to the feed amount as the pull-back distance L of the tool for each grindingpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, perfeedarray (i) represents the feed amount through the i-th grinding.
In some specific embodiments, S4, translating the grinding track of the grinding wheel in the nth grinding along the radial direction of the grinding wheel by the retraction distance, so as to obtain the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the tool in each grinding; namely, the grinding track of each other cutter groove can be obtained by changing the grinding track of the last cutter groove. In a more specific embodiment, the technical scheme is applied to cutter grinding software independently researched and developed by companies and is matched with a seven-axis six-linkage tool grinding machine for application, and the function development based on the design idea of the cutter grinding is used for greatly improving the processing efficiency of the screw tap grooving, so that the product is approved by customers in the aspects of appearance and processing efficiency. For example, if the grooving process shown in fig. 4 is implemented, first, the number of times of sub-cutting grinding corresponding to the grooving process for the tap to be machined is determined to be 3 and the feed amount of each grinding, the software sets the number of cycles to be 3 on the sub-cutting grinding parameter page, and sets the feed amounts of the three times of grinding to be 3mm, 2mm, and 1mm, respectively. Secondly, calculating the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the processing of the last cutter groove, namely the third grinding according to the grooving parameters input by the user; then, to obtain the grinding wheel track during the first grinding and the grinding wheel track during the second grinding, according to the grinding times and the feed amount, the core thickness difference between the currently ground cutter groove and the cutter groove after the third grinding is calculated to be the pull-back distance, the distances of the first time and the second time relative to the third pull-back are respectively 3mm and 1mm, and the grinding wheel track obtained by translating the last grinding wheel track along the radial vector of the grinding wheel (the cutting point on the grinding wheel points to the center direction of the grinding wheel) by the respective pull-back distances is the grinding wheel track of the grinding wheel for the first grinding and the second grinding. In addition, the auxiliary actions such as retracting and feeding are added between two times of grinding to ensure the processing safety (since the groove cannot be directly moved from the grinding end point of the previous knife to the starting point of the next knife after slotting, the feeding and retracting needs to be set to ensure the safe withdrawal).
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium comprising computer instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method.
Based on the design concept, the grinding track of the grinding wheel during the last grinding is represented as wheelnfo r, the flow steps in a software algorithm specifically include ①, obtaining the number of track points of the last grinding, ②, obtaining total feed amount, ③, initializing the current feed amount and the initialized retrace distance, ④, determining grinding cycle number N and the feed amount of the current cycle, ⑤, calculating the retrace distance corresponding to each grinding according to the grinding number and the feed amount, ⑥, assigning the grinding wheel motion track of the last grooving grinding to a temporary variable and judging whether the grinding wheel motion track does not belong to the first or last grinding, adding two points at the head and the tail of the grinding wheel motion track corresponding to the grinding, for adding feed and retraction positions, namely, translating the total feed amount along the grinding wheel radial direction, obtaining feed points, translating the total feed amount along the grinding wheel radial direction, obtaining retraction points, ⑦, if the grinding wheel motion track point is the last grinding track point, translating the total feed amount along the grinding wheel radial direction, and obtaining the feed points, and obtaining the total feed points of the grinding points, if the grinding wheel motion track point is the grinding wheel motion track point, the grinding wheel is the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel motion track point is the radial direction, the grinding point of the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel is used for adding the grinding point, the spiral line, the grinding point, the grinding wheel motion of the grinding wheel, and the grinding point is used for obtaining the linear motion of the grinding wheel, if the linear motion of the grinding wheel, the linear motion of.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional processing mode, the invention realizes the functions of knife-dividing and grinding in the grooving process, and has the following advantages; on one hand, the processing efficiency is improved, and the traditional mode has a large amount of auxiliary processing time, including advancing and retracting of different cutting edges, resetting after the process is finished and the like. On the other hand, the operation of a user is simplified, a plurality of grooving processes are required to be added in the traditional mode, the feed amount is controlled through the core thickness of each process, the operation is complex, the trace of multiple times of grinding is easy to appear if the input is wrong, the multiple-time grinding is realized in one grooving process through the cutter grinding function, the user only needs to input the cycle number and the feed amount, the whole grooving is completed through automatically calculating the track of multiple times of grinding, and the operation is simpler. In addition, the efficiency of generating the machining track of the grinding software is greatly improved, only one slotting track is actually calculated in the algorithm, other knife-dividing and grinding tracks are obtained through translation transformation, if the traditional technology is adopted, three procedures are required, three slotting algorithms are required to be called, and the generation time is long.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A cutter grinding method for tapping a groove of a tap is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the times N of the sub-cutter grinding corresponding to the grooving process of the screw tap to be machined and the feed amount of each grinding;
s2, calculating the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the Nth grinding; wherein the grinding track is determined according to grooving parameters;
s3, calculating a core thickness difference corresponding to the grinding for the p-th time and the grinding for the N-th time as a pull-back distance of the tool for each grinding, where p is 1 to N;
s4, translating the grinding track of the grinding wheel in the Nth grinding along the radial direction of the grinding wheel by the retraction distance to obtain the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter in each grinding;
and S5, performing the cutting and grinding processing of the grooved part of the tap to be processed based on the steps S1-S4.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the feed amount Q per grinding is:
Q＝(R-coreR)/N；
where R represents the radius of the cutter and coreR represents the radius of the core thickness.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pullback distance L ispThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, perfeedarray (i) represents the feed amount through the i-th grinding.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the S4 further comprises: and determining the feed point and the withdrawal point of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during each grinding.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining the feed and retract points of the grinding wheel relative to the tool for each grinding operation comprises:
firstly, judging whether the current grinding is not the first grinding or the last grinding; if so, translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to a first track point in a grinding track of the tool, namely a grinding wheel center coordinate, of the grinding wheel by a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel during the grinding for serving as a longitudinal coordinate of a feed point, and translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to a last track point in the grinding track by a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel for serving as a longitudinal coordinate of a tool retracting point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount;
secondly, if the current grinding is the first grinding, translating a longitudinal coordinate corresponding to the last track point in the grinding track along the radial direction of the grinding wheel for a certain distance to serve as a longitudinal coordinate of a tool retracting point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount;
and finally, if the current grinding is the last grinding, translating the longitudinal coordinate corresponding to the first track point in the grinding track of the grinding wheel relative to the cutter during the current grinding for a certain distance along the radial direction of the grinding wheel to be used as the longitudinal coordinate of the feed point, wherein the translation distance is the total feed amount.
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| CN112757061A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 西北机器有限公司 | Method for machining extrusion screw tap |
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