CN111096315A

CN111096315A - Manufacture and application of facility cultivation solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN111096315A
Application number: CN201911097483.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴洪生
Original assignee: Nanjing Yikebang Ecological Environment Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Yikebang Ecological Environment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-11
Filing date: 2019-11-11
Publication date: 2020-05-05

Abstract

The manufacture and application of a facility cultivation solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus belong to the field of plant protection, pollution-free agriculture and ecological agriculture. The instrument has multiple functions and consists of the following parts: the device comprises a solar panel, a storage battery, an air filter, a dryer, an air compressor, a high-voltage discharge ozonizer, a programmable controller, a frequency converter, a transformer, a control valve, a gas-liquid mixing pump, a water tank, various connectors and connecting pipelines. The high-energy active oxygen generated by the therapeutic apparatus enters the water in the container, and can quickly kill pathogenic microorganisms, pests and the like on the leaves and stems of the plant body surface; meanwhile, the surface disinfection of the film and the glass on the four walls of the greenhouse and the air disinfection can be carried out.

Description

Manufacture and application of facility cultivation solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, pollution-free agriculture and ecological agriculture, and particularly relates to a structure of a facility cultivation solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus.

Background

For decades, China accumulates abundant experience in the aspect of agricultural pest control, but the agricultural pest control is not popularized in different regions, and a phenomenon of chemical drug abuse exists in many regions, so that the yield and the quality of agricultural products are influenced extremely negatively. The plant diseases and insect pests have great influence on agricultural development, the yield of crops can be influenced, the quality of the crops can also be influenced, the plant disease and insect pest prevention and control technology is reasonably selected, the adverse effect of the plant disease and insect pest prevention and control technology on the crops can be minimized, and the development of agricultural economy in China is actively promoted.

1 characteristics and harms of agricultural diseases and insect pests

1.1 characteristics

Crop pests mainly include two types, namely crop pests and crop diseases. Crop pests include the effects of chewing mouthpart pests on crops which eat the leaves and stems of the plants causing gaps and holes to appear; the piercing-sucking mouthpart pests mainly suck the leaves of plants, so that the leaves of the plants are whitened and yellowed, and then the pests shrink and stop growing.

Crop diseases mainly include non-invasive diseases and invasive diseases. The non-invasive disease mainly comprises diseases caused by insufficient nutrients, moisture, illumination and the like, and cannot be transmitted to other crops, and the invasive disease mainly comprises bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and the like.

1.2 hazards

The main characteristics of crop diseases and insect pests are that the spreading speed is high, once the diseases and insect pests appear in a certain area, the diseases and insect pests can be spread to other crops in a short time, even to other areas, sometimes a certain crop can be affected by various pests and pathogens, the symptoms are complex, and the diagnosis and treatment difficulty is too large.

2 prevention and control technique for crop diseases and insect pests

2.1 chemical control

The technology for preventing and controlling the crop diseases and insect pests is mainly used for farmers to improve the yield and the quality of crops and realize agricultural income increase. The chemical prevention and control technology is selected by most farmers in China, and the main performance is as follows: firstly, the chemical pesticide is less in use in the control process, the control effect is good, along with the continuous progress of science and technology, the adverse effect of various chemical pesticides on crops in the control process is gradually reduced, and the chemical pesticides can be decomposed in the natural environment; secondly, can utilize all kinds of mechanical equipment during chemical prevention and cure, for example the peasant can use mechanical equipment to spray chemical plant diseases and insect pests medicament, not only can promote the medicine coverage, has optimized the prevention effect of plant diseases and insect pests moreover.

2.2 biological control

Biological control is an important component in pest control technology, and has good control effect, in the biological control technology, the principle that the food chain and species are mutually restricted is mainly utilized, and organisms which are mutually restricted are put in places where pests and diseases occur, so that the pests and the diseases are inhibited, and the crop yield is improved, but when the biological control technology is used, the following points need to be paid attention: on one hand, before the biological control technology is used, local crop conditions need to be known, and biological species are reasonably selected according to the types of crops planted locally; although some biological species can control plant diseases and insect pests, the crop can be eaten, the grain yield is influenced, on the other hand, reasonable planning is required, the advantages and the disadvantages of the technology are not really recognized in some areas, and the defects exist in the practical application process, so that the biological control effect is influenced. In addition, the biological control effect is sometimes unstable, takes effect slowly, is greatly influenced by environmental conditions and is difficult to control.

2.3 ecological planting

In recent years, China implements the returning of farmland to forests and grasses, so that the cultivated land area is greatly reduced, and in order to improve the planting efficiency and increase the income benefit of farmers, farmers select a mode of stubble-connection and multiple cropping, so that the factors of pest control need to be considered, an ecological microsystem is established, and the planting of various crops is reasonably distributed.

2.4 intercropping and interplanting rotation

A planting system for planting different crops on the same land according to a certain ratio of row, planting distance and occupied area is called intercropping and interplanting. Generally, the sowing of several crops at the same time is called intercropping, and the sowing at different times is called interplanting. The intercropping and interplanting is an agricultural production mode which is developed by fully utilizing growth space and environmental resources by applying the spatial structure principle of communities. In agricultural production, the greatest benefit of intercropping is to inhibit the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. The intercropping and interplanting increase the biological species and the complexity of the nutritional structure of the ecological system, can improve the stability of the ecological system and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The development of the potato late blight can be hindered by intercropping and intercropping vegetables such as carrot, asparagus lettuce, onion or cabbage with the potato. But is not suitable for facility cultivation crops with high added value.

The rotation is a measure combining land cultivation and land cultivation, is beneficial to balanced utilization of soil nutrients and prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, and can also effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and adjust the soil fertility. Finally achieving the purpose of increasing both production and income. The crops cultivated by the facility have high economic benefit, so the crop rotation is seldom adopted.

2.5 physical control

The method of avoiding, suppressing, inactivating, eliminating, and killing pests by using various physical factors or methods such as instruments, light, heat, electricity, temperature, humidity, and sound waves is called physical control. The current physicochemical trapping and controlling technologies mainly popularized and applied include a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, an LED new light source insecticidal lamp, an insect trapping color plate (yellow plate and blue plate), an insect-proof net, non-woven fabrics, a sex attractant, a silver gray film pest avoidance and the like.

3 analysis of current situation of agricultural pest control

3.1 chemical pesticides of abuse

China always insists on sustainable development, but the overall quality of farmers in China is low, sustainable development consciousness is not established, most farmers repeatedly use high-toxicity pesticides to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests in the actual planting process, so that the plant diseases and the insect pests quickly generate strong drug resistance, and meanwhile, a large amount of pesticide residues are caused to pollute soil and water, the quality of crops is reduced, the health of human bodies is threatened, and extremely bad influence is caused on the quality of the crops and the ecological environment.

3.2 the new technology has low application rate

At present, China pays more attention to the prevention and treatment work of crop diseases and insect pests, invests a large amount of funds, manpower and technologies, and accumulates abundant experience, but a complete prevention and treatment system is not constructed, and the popularization work of technology application has obvious defects, so that the prevention and treatment levels of agricultural diseases and insect pests in many regions have obvious differences.

In the modern agricultural safety production, the enhancement of crop pest control is of great importance, and the method plays an important role in ensuring the quality of various agricultural products and the agricultural ecological safety, and in the traditional agricultural pest control, chemical control measures are mostly applied, but the measures have more negative effects, so that the method adheres to the green plant protection development innovation concept, reasonably selects the technologies of ecological control, biological and physical control and the like, and effectively controls various pests.

Ozone is a substance with strong oxidizability, can quickly kill various microorganisms and pests, and can be changed into oxygen, so that no secondary pollution is caused. At present, some articles and patents describe the application of ozone in agriculture (CN101257796, CN103004535A, CN108244088A, CN109496624A, CN203446404U, CN206547484U and CN206713904U), but most of these patents describe how to sterilize and disinfect with ready-made ozone water, soil-borne diseases or sterilize air with ozone gas, and rarely relate to the development and improvement of specific plant pest control equipment.

The solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus for facility cultivation is designed by adopting the mechanism of generating high-concentration active oxygen ozone through high-voltage discharge, various microorganisms and pests are quickly killed by using strong oxidizing substances such as ozone and hydroxyl free radicals contained in ozone water, the disease and pest control is quick, pesticide residues and environmental pollution are avoided, and the disease and pest are not easy to generate resistance; the solar energy is adopted for power supply, so that the energy is saved, the operation is convenient and safe, and the solar energy-saving solar energy power supply device is more suitable for areas with insufficient electric power; meanwhile, the therapeutic apparatus has multiple functions, can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, can disinfect air in greenhouses and animal feeding rooms, can disinfect plastic films and glass on four walls of agricultural implements and greenhouses, and is more advanced than current related reports.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the technical defects, the multifunctional facility cultivation solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus is researched and developed, so that germs and pests on the surface of the facility cultivation plants can be killed quickly, and the air in the greenhouse is disinfected.

The technical scheme is as follows: the manufacture and application of the facility cultivation solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus comprises the following steps: a. a square container with side length of 50-100cm and height of 50-120cm, and the periphery of the container is composed of a stainless steel box body; the upper part of the square box body is provided with a solar electric plate (a solar light receiving plate is arranged outside the box body), a solar battery, a storage battery, an inverter, a programmable controller, a frequency converter, a transformer and the like; the lower part is provided with an air filter, a dryer, an air compressor, a high-voltage discharge ozone device, a gas-liquid mixing pump, a water tank, a water spray valve, a spray nozzle and the like; the devices are connected by pipelines, stainless steel pipelines are adopted at places where ozone flows, the whole system is powered by a solar system, when sunlight is insufficient, a 24-36V storage battery can be used for supplying power, when the sunlight is sufficient, the storage battery can be charged, and the storage battery can be charged by commercial power; the programmable controller can regulate and control the whole system, set the timing for 30-200 minutes, the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current, the frequency converter and the step-up transformer are used for changing the frequency and the voltage of the alternating current and controlling the output speed and the concentration of the active oxygen and ozone, the gas-liquid mixing pump mixes the ozone gas with the water in a circular or square water tank with the volume of 5-40 liters, and the ozone gas is controlled by a water spray valve and sprayed to the plant leaves and stems through a nozzle; the plastic films and the glass on the four walls and the top of the greenhouse, agricultural implements, seedling raising soil, seedling raising implements and the surfaces of seeds can be sprayed and disinfected; the ozone and free radicals dissolved in water can be sprayed on plants in a mist form, pathogenic microorganisms and pests on plant leaves and stems can be killed quickly, and the pathogenic microorganisms and the pests can be decomposed into oxygen and water per se without environmental pollution; b. after the unit devices in the step a are assembled, a power supply is switched on, an air compressor is started, air is filtered by a filter to remove particulate matters and impurities in the air, the air enters a dryer, the air is dried by the dryer to remove water, the air enters the air compressor to generate high-pressure compressed air flow, the air enters a high-pressure discharge ozonizer (consisting of 3-10 pairs of barrier medium electrodes) to generate high-concentration active ozone, water in a water tank is sucked out by the aid of the pressure of the compressed air and the suction force of a water-vapor mixing pump and is mixed with ozone in the mixing pump, the ozone is dissolved in the water and uniformly mixed, and is sprayed to the surface of a plant through a nozzle, 0.5-1 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.3-1.2 g of oxalic acid and 0.1-0.5 g of azoquinone can be added into the water tank to promote the fenton reaction and the free radical reaction of the ozone and the substances in the, the ozone solubility and stability are improved, the oxidizing power and the sterilizing and insecticidal power are increased, and the ozone is generally sprayed at the initial stage and the full stage of incubation of the plant pest eggs, and is sprayed for 1 time every 3 days and continuously sprayed for 3-5 times; spraying for 1 time every 4 days and continuously spraying for 3-6 times at the early stage of disease onset; and c, in the treatment process of the step b, the current of the solar panel and the solar battery is adjusted according to the sunlight intensity, and the solar panel can be used for charging and storing energy for standby use of the storage battery when instruments are not used. Can realize automatic control through regulation control panel and programmable controller, change alternating current frequency through the converter, rise to 500Hz from 50Hz, improve the productivity of ozone, change alternating voltage through the transformer, rise voltage from 36V to 5000V, improve high-voltage discharge frequency and efficiency, improve ozone productivity and effect. After the whole process, the final effluent of the step b contains active oxygen such as ozone, hydroxyl free radicals and the like, and the active oxygen is sprayed on the surface of the plant through spraying, so that the ozone and the free radicals in the water can quickly kill microorganisms on the surfaces of the roots, stems and leaves of the plant; the plastic film and the glass on the four walls and the top of the greenhouse, agricultural implements, seedling raising soil, seedling raising implements and the surfaces of seeds can be sprayed and disinfected for 2 to 5 times; in addition, when the water tank 8 does not contain water, the ozone gas can be directly used for sterilizing air in a seedling raising room, a tissue culture room, a greenhouse, a granary, an animal raising room and the like for 60-200 minutes;

any one of the solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus for facility cultivation is manufactured and applied to prevention and control of surface disease and insect pest of crops for facility cultivation, surface second disinfection of plastic films and glass of facility greenhouses, surface disinfection of seedling trays, seedling beds, surface disinfection of agricultural implements, root disinfection of seedlings, soil surface disinfection, air disinfection of granaries, animal raising rooms and greenhouses.

Has the advantages that: the therapeutic apparatus has multiple purposes, can quickly kill germs and pests on crops to the maximum extent, can quickly kill germs and pests on the surfaces of plastic films and glass on the four walls of the greenhouse, and can disinfect the surfaces of agricultural implements; can also sterilize the air of the granary, the greenhouse and the animal feeding room.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1) the invention adopts active oxygen ozone to dissolve in water to generate ozone water, and utilizes ozone and free radical sterilization and disinfection technology, so that the method is simple and convenient, has quick effect, simple and easy technology, strong operability, low cost and strong practicability;

2) the invention adopts the ozone-free radical technology of the plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus powered by solar energy, can kill the plant diseases and insect pests simultaneously, is more efficient and rapid compared with the current common single chemical treatment, and has no environmental pollution because the ozone water is finally changed into water and oxygen; meanwhile, the germs and pests are not easy to generate drug resistance, because the sterilization and insecticidal mechanism of active oxygen is different from that of general chemical pesticides and biological measures, the sterilization and insecticidal mechanism is achieved through the strong oxidizing property of the active oxygen, and regardless of the mutation of genes of the germs and the pests to generate resistance, biological macromolecules, particularly nucleic acid, protein, enzyme activity, cell membranes and the like, of the germs and the pests can be quickly oxidized, disintegrated and destroyed by the active oxygen;

3) the therapeutic apparatus has multiple purposes, can quickly kill germs and pests on crops to the maximum extent, can quickly kill germs and pests on the surfaces of plastic films and glass on the four walls of the greenhouse, and can disinfect the surfaces of agricultural implements; can also disinfect the air of the greenhouse and the animal raising room.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the manufacture and application of a solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus for facility cultivation, 1, an air filter, 2, a connecting pipeline, 3, an air dryer, 4, an air compressor, 5, a high-pressure discharge ozonizer, 6, a gas-liquid mixing pump, 7, a box body, 8, a water tank, 9, a water spray valve, 10, a master control cabinet and a timer, 11, a storage battery, 12, a solar electric plate and a battery, 13, a programmable controller and a frequency converter, 14, an inverter and a transformer

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to examples:

example 1: control of cucumber downy mildew and leaf miner

According to the technical route and the scheme, the facility cultivation solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus is assembled and debugged, and after active oxygen and ozone are normally generated and the mixing pump can stably mix and pump water containing active oxygen and free radicals, the following plant disease and insect pest prevention test is carried out.

1.2010 test of spray control of cucumber downy mildew and leaf miner is continuously carried out on whole cucumber plants in vegetable agriculture greenhouses near kudzuvine pond towns in Nanjing factory areas from No. 15 to No. 30, 40 square meters of each test cell is compared by adopting 0.1 percent of abamectin emulsifiable solution and 5 percent of carbendazim wettable powder, meanwhile, the non-control is set as a blank control, 3 times of repetition is set, and test areas are randomly selected; spraying ozone water for 1, 2 and 3 times by using the therapeutic apparatus, and spraying 0.1% avermectin emulsifiable solution and 5% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 and 2 times; the cucumber variety is Jinyou No. 3, No. 5 breeding in 2009, No. 24 transplanting in 10 months, No. 10 seedling filling and thinning in 11 months, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, 50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and 3500 plants per mu are applied per mu;

no. 3, No. 21 and No. 25 in 2.2010 years continuously spray ozone water for 3 times, No. 3, No. 17 sprays 0.1% abamectin missible oil and 5% carbendazim wettable powder, the mixture is diluted by 5000 times and sprayed, No. 21 is sprayed for 1 time, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed for 2 times in contrast;

the investigation of downy mildew and leaf miner is carried out in No. 4 and No. 29 in 3.2010 years, compared with the control of only spraying clear water, the incidence rate of downy mildew of cucumber leaves sprayed with ozone water for 1 time by adopting the instrument is reduced by 57 percent, the incidence rate of downy mildew of cucumber leaves sprayed with ozone water for 2 times is reduced by 84 percent, and the incidence rate of downy mildew of cucumber leaves sprayed with ozone water for 3 times is reduced by 96 percent; the morbidity of the cucumber leaf downy mildew of 0.1 percent of abamectin missible oil and 5 percent of carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 1 time is reduced by 61 percent, and the morbidity of the cucumber leaf downy mildew sprayed for 2 times is reduced by 66 percent; meanwhile, the situation of the cucumber leaf miner is checked, the incidence rate of the cucumber leaf miner sprayed with 1 time of ozone water by the device is reduced by 41 percent, the incidence rate of the cucumber leaf miner sprayed with 2 times of ozone water is reduced by 54 percent, and the incidence rate of the cucumber leaf miner sprayed with 3 times of ozone water is reduced by 78 percent; the incidence rate of the leaf miner of the cucumber leaf with the 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution and the 5 percent carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 1 time is reduced by 65 percent, and the incidence rate of the leaf miner of the cucumber leaf with the 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution and the 5 percent carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 2 times is reduced by 73 percent;

after the whole experiment of No. 6 and 20 in 4.2010 years, 8 cucumbers are collected in an accumulated mode, 124 kg of cucumbers are collected averagely in an uncontrolled control cell, 175 kg of cucumbers are collected averagely in a cell sprayed with 1-time ozone water by adopting the device, 252 kg of cucumbers are collected averagely in a cell sprayed with 2-time ozone water, and 326 kg of cucumbers are collected averagely in a cell sprayed with 3-time ozone water by adopting the device; 184 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 0.1% abamectin missible oil and 5% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 time, and 243 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 2 times;

the cucumber pesticide residue detection is carried out 7 months and 16 days in 5.2010 years, the cucumber treated by the control instrument and the cucumber treated by the treatment instrument does not detect chemical pesticide residue, the cucumber avermectin and carbendazim residue amount of 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution and 5 percent carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 1 time is respectively 3.5mg/kg and 5.3mg/kg, and the cucumber avermectin and carbendazim residue amount of 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution and 5 percent carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 2 times is respectively 6.1mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg.

Example 2: control of cabbage caterpillars

1.2010 No. 11 to No. 12 and No. 20 tests for continuously spraying whole small vegetable plants to prevent cabbage caterpillar in vegetable agriculture greenhouses near the Pan town of Pukou area of Nanjing, wherein each test cell is 40 square meters, 0.1% abamectin emulsifiable solution is adopted for comparison, simultaneously non-prevention is set as blank control, 3 times of repetition is set, and test areas are randomly selected; spraying ozone water for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times by adopting the therapeutic apparatus, and spraying 0.1% avermectin emulsifiable solution for 1 time and 2 times; the small green vegetable variety is Suzhou green, seeding is carried out in No. 10 and No. 15 in 2010, transplanting is carried out in No. 10 and No. 28 in 10 months, seedling supplementing and thinning are carried out in No. 11 and No. 12 months, 200 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, 50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and 8000 plants per mu are applied;

no. 11, No. 18, No. 22 and No. 26 continuously spray ozone water for 3 times in 2.2010 years, No. 11, No. 18 sprays 0.1 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution, the mixture is diluted by 5000 times and sprayed, No. 22 is sprayed for 1 time, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed for 2 times in contrast;

no. 4 at 12 months in 3.2010 for cabbage caterpillar investigation, compared with the control of spraying only clear water, the incidence rate of cabbage leaf cabbage caterpillar sprayed with ozone water 1 time by the instrument is reduced by 61%, the incidence rate of cabbage leaf cabbage caterpillar sprayed with ozone water 2 times is reduced by 76%, and the incidence rate of cabbage leaf cabbage caterpillar sprayed with ozone water 3 times is reduced by 91%; while the incidence rate of the cabbage leaf cabbage caterpillar sprayed with the 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution for 1 time is reduced by 58 percent, and the incidence rate sprayed for 2 times is reduced by 64 percent;

after the whole experiment of No. 20 in 1 month in 4.2011 years, collecting the small green vegetables 3 times in an accumulated way, averagely collecting 93 kilograms of the small green vegetables in an uncontrolled control cell, averagely collecting 124 kilograms of the small green vegetables in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 1 time by adopting the device, averagely collecting 132 kilograms of the small green vegetables in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 2 times, and averagely collecting 164 kilograms of the small green vegetables in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 3 times; and 115 kg of small green vegetables are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 0.1 percent of abamectin emulsifiable solution for 1 time, and 127 kg of small green vegetables are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 2 times;

the pesticide residue of the small green vegetable leaves is detected in 11 days 3 months in 5.2011 years, the chemical pesticide residue is not detected in the small green vegetables treated by the control and the therapeutic apparatus, the abamectin residual amount of the small green vegetable leaves is 4.3mg/kg by spraying 0.1 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution for 1 time, and the abamectin residual amount of the small green vegetable leaves is 8.4mg/kg by spraying 0.1 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution for 2 times.

Example 3 control of powdery mildew of strawberry

According to the technical route and the scheme, the facility cultivation solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus is assembled and debugged, active oxygen and ozone are normally generated, the mixing pump can stably mix and spray strong oxidizing water of active oxygen and free radicals, and the following plant disease and insect pest prevention test is carried out.

Carrying out a cucumber powdery mildew spray control test on a greenhouse strawberry whole plant continuously in vegetable farming greenhouses near Yongfeng town in Puyuu area of Nanjing from No. 9 and No. 25 to No. 4 and No. 15 in 1.2010, wherein each test cell is 40 square meters, 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder is adopted for comparison, simultaneously non-control is set as a blank control, 3 times of repetition is set, and a test area is selected randomly; spraying ozone water for 1 time and 2 times by using the therapeutic apparatus respectively in No. 10 and No. 14 No. 10 2010 of the vegetative growth period of the strawberries; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time and 2 times; spraying ozone water for 1 time and 2 times by using the therapeutic apparatus in No. 10 and No. 15 of No. 11 month in 2010 of the initial flowering period; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time and 2 times; spraying ozone water for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times on 8 days, 12 days and 16 days of 2010-12 month in the full-bloom stage and the fruiting stage by using the therapeutic apparatus; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times; spraying ozone water for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times in 2 months, 1 day, 5 days and 9 days in 2011 of full bearing age; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times; the strawberry variety is Mibao, ridges are built at 8 months and 25 days in 2009, the distance between the ridge and the center of the ridge is 80 cm, the height of the ridge is 40 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 60 cm, and the width of the top of the ridge is 30 cm; transplanting No. 9 and No. 5 in 2010, supplementing and thinning No. 9 and No. 26, applying 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 40 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu of 7000 plants;

2. spraying ozone water for 1 time and 2 times by using the therapeutic apparatus respectively in No. 10 and No. 14 No. 10 2010 of the vegetative growth period of the strawberries; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time and 2 times; spraying ozone water for 1 time and 2 times by using the therapeutic apparatus in No. 10 and No. 15 of No. 11 month in 2010 of the initial flowering period; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time and 2 times; spraying ozone water for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times on 8 days, 12 days and 16 days of 2010-12 month in the full-bloom stage and the fruiting stage by using the therapeutic apparatus; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times; spraying ozone water for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times in 2 months, 1 day, 5 days and 9 days in 2011 of full bearing age; the kresoxim-methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 5 percent is adopted for 1 time, 2 times and 3 times; spraying clear water with the same amount for 8 times in comparison;

the powdery mildew of strawberry is investigated for the first time in 3.2010, 12 months and 25 months, and compared with the control of spraying only clear water, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves sprayed with ozone water for 1 time by the instrument for 1 time in the early vegetative growth stage, the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage is reduced by 74%, 70% and 64%, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves sprayed with ozone water for 2 times is reduced by 88%, 82% and 83%, and the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves sprayed with ozone water for 3 times is reduced by 95%, 93% and 88%; the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed with 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder for 1 time, is reduced by 57%, 72% and 60% in the same period, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 2 times, is reduced by 65%, 67% and 61%, and the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 3 times, is reduced by 71%; the investigation of powdery mildew of strawberries is carried out for the second time in No. 3 and 20 in 2011, compared with a control that only clean water is sprayed, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves is reduced by 61%, 69%, 71% and 78% when the instrument is used for respectively spraying ozone water for 1 time in the early vegetative growth stage, the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the full fruiting stage, the incidence of the powdery mildew of the strawberry leaves is reduced by 88%, 81%, 85% and 87% when the instrument is used for respectively spraying ozone water for 2 times, and the incidence of the powdery mildew of; the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed with 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder for 1 time respectively, is reduced by 59%, 61%, 52% and 63%, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 2 times, is reduced by 69%, 63%, 78% and 71%, and the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 3 times, is reduced by 74%;

after the whole experiment of No. 5/15 in 4.2011 years, fresh strawberry fruits are collected for 12 times in an accumulated mode, strawberries are harvested averagely in an uncontrolled control cell for 36 kg, strawberries are harvested averagely in a cell sprayed with 1 time of ozone water by the device for 58 kg, strawberries are harvested averagely in a cell sprayed with 2 times of ozone water by the device for 64 kg, and strawberries are harvested averagely in a cell sprayed with 3 times of ozone water by the device for; 51 kg of strawberries are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder for 1 time, and 62 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 2 times;

the detection of pesticide residue on strawberries is carried out in 26 days in 5 months in 5.2011 years, no chemical pesticide residue is detected in the strawberry pulp treated by the control and the therapeutic apparatus, the residual amount of the kresoxim-methyl in the strawberry pulp of 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder sprayed for 1 time is 2.5mg/kg, the residual amount of the kresoxim-methyl in the strawberry pulp of 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder sprayed for 2 times is 4.2mg/kg, and the residual amount of the kresoxim-methyl in the strawberry pulp of 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder sprayed for 3 times is 8.3 mg/kg.

Application examples of the invention:

the technology of the invention is used for preventing and controlling the diseases and insect pests of the cucumbers, the green vegetables and the strawberries planted in the greenhouse.

1. Referring to example 1, when cucumber cells are treated by the technology, compared with a control without the technology, the incidence rate of downy mildew of cucumber leaves is reduced by 57%, the incidence rate of downy mildew of cucumber leaves is reduced by 84% when the ozone water is sprayed for 1 time by the instrument, and the incidence rate of downy mildew of cucumber leaves is reduced by 96% when the ozone water is sprayed for 3 times by the instrument; the morbidity of the cucumber leaf downy mildew of 0.1 percent of abamectin missible oil and 5 percent of carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 1 time is reduced by 61 percent, and the morbidity of the cucumber leaf downy mildew sprayed for 2 times is reduced by 66 percent; meanwhile, the situation of the cucumber leaf miner is checked, the incidence rate of the cucumber leaf miner sprayed with 1 time of ozone water by the device is reduced by 41 percent, the incidence rate of the cucumber leaf miner sprayed with 2 times of ozone water is reduced by 54 percent, and the incidence rate of the cucumber leaf miner sprayed with 3 times of ozone water is reduced by 78 percent; the incidence rate of the leaf miner of the cucumber leaf with the 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution and the 5 percent carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 1 time is reduced by 65 percent, and the incidence rate of the leaf miner of the cucumber leaf with the 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution and the 5 percent carbendazim wettable powder sprayed for 2 times is reduced by 73 percent; 124 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in an uncontrolled control cell, 175 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 1 time, 252 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 2 times, and 326 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 3 times; 184 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 0.1% abamectin missible oil and 5% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 time, and 243 kg of cucumbers are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 2 times;

2. referring to example 2, after the small green vegetables are treated by the technology, compared with a control method of spraying only clear water, the incidence rate of the cabbage leaf caterpillars is reduced by 61%, the incidence rate is reduced by 76% when the ozone water is sprayed for 1 time, and the incidence rate is reduced by 91% when the ozone water is sprayed for 3 times; while the incidence rate of the cabbage leaf cabbage caterpillar sprayed with the 0.1 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution for 1 time is reduced by 58 percent, and the incidence rate sprayed for 2 times is reduced by 64 percent; 93 kilograms of small green vegetables are harvested in a non-control cell on average, 124 kilograms of small green vegetables are harvested in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 1 time, 132 kilograms of small green vegetables are harvested in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 2 times, and 164 kilograms of small green vegetables are harvested in a cell sprayed with ozone water for 3 times; and 115 kg of small green vegetables are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 0.1 percent of abamectin emulsifiable solution for 1 time, and 127 kg of small green vegetables are averagely harvested in a cell sprayed with 2 times; the control and the green vegetables treated by the therapeutic apparatus do not detect chemical pesticide residues, but the abamectin residual quantity of the 0.1 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution of the green vegetables is 4.3mg/kg by spraying for 1 time, and the abamectin residual quantity of the 0.1 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution of the green vegetables is 8.4mg/kg by spraying for 2 times;

3. referring to example 3, after strawberry plots are treated by the technology, compared with a control that only clean water is sprayed, the incidence rate of powdery mildew on strawberry leaves is reduced by 74%, 70% and 64% by respectively spraying ozone water for 1 time in the early vegetative growth stage, the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage, the incidence rate is reduced by 88%, 82% and 83% by respectively spraying ozone water for 2 times, and the incidence rate is reduced by 95%, 93% and 88% by respectively spraying ozone water for 3 times; the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed with 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder for 1 time, is reduced by 57%, 72% and 60% in the same period, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 2 times, is reduced by 65%, 67% and 61%, and the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 3 times, is reduced by 71%; the investigation of powdery mildew of strawberries is carried out for the second time in No. 3 and 20 in 2011, compared with a control that only clean water is sprayed, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves is reduced by 61%, 69%, 71% and 78% when the instrument is used for respectively spraying ozone water for 1 time in the early vegetative growth stage, the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the full fruiting stage, the incidence of the powdery mildew of the strawberry leaves is reduced by 88%, 81%, 85% and 87% when the instrument is used for respectively spraying ozone water for 2 times, and the incidence of the powdery mildew of; and the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed with 5% kresoxim-methyl wettable powder for 1 time respectively, is reduced by 59%, 61%, 52% and 63%, the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 2 times, is reduced by 69%, 63%, 78% and 71%, and the incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry leaves, which is sprayed for 3 times, is reduced by 74%.

Claims

1. The manufacture and application of the facility cultivation solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus are characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. a square container with side length of 50-100cm and height of 50-120cm, and the periphery of the container is composed of a stainless steel box body; the upper part of the square container box body is provided with a solar electric plate (a solar light receiving plate is arranged outside the box body), a solar battery, a storage battery, an inverter, a programmable controller, a frequency converter, a transformer and the like; the lower part is provided with an air filter, a dryer, an air compressor, a high-voltage discharge ozone device, a gas-liquid mixing pump, a water tank, a water spray valve, a spray nozzle and the like; the solar energy system is characterized in that all devices are connected by pipelines, the whole system is powered by a solar energy system, when sunlight is insufficient, a storage battery can be used for supplying power, when the sunlight is sufficient, the storage battery can be charged, and the storage battery can also be charged by commercial power; the programmable controller can regulate and control the whole system and set timing, the inverter converts direct current into alternating current, the frequency converter and the step-up transformer are used for changing alternating current frequency and voltage and controlling the output speed and concentration of active oxygen and ozone, the gas-liquid mixing pump mixes ozone gas and water in the circular or square water tank, and the ozone gas is controlled by the water spray valve and sprayed to plant leaves and stems through the nozzles; the plastic films and the glass on the four walls and the top of the greenhouse, agricultural implements, seedling raising soil, seedling raising implements and the surfaces of seeds can be sprayed and disinfected; the ozone and free radicals dissolved in water can be sprayed on plants in a mist form, pathogenic microorganisms and pests on plant leaves and stems can be killed quickly, and the pathogenic microorganisms and the pests can be decomposed into oxygen and water per se without environmental pollution;

b. after the unit devices in the step a are assembled, a power supply is switched on, an air compressor is started, air is filtered by a filter to remove particulate impurities in the air, the air enters a dryer, is dried by the dryer to remove moisture, enters the air compressor to generate high-pressure compressed air flow, enters a high-pressure discharge ozone generator to generate high-concentration active ozone, water in a water tank is sucked out by means of the pressure of the compressed air and the suction force of a gas-liquid mixing pump and is mixed with ozone in the mixing pump, and the ozone is forced to be dissolved in the water and uniformly mixed, and is sprayed to the surface of a plant through a nozzle; ferrous sulfate, oxalic acid and azoquinone can be added into a water tank to promote Fenton reaction and free radical reaction, generate hydroxyl free radical and the like, and increase oxidizing power, bactericidal power and insecticidal power;

c. in the processing process of the step b, the currents of the solar panel and the solar battery are adjusted according to the intensity of sunlight, and the solar panel can be used for charging and storing energy for standby use of the storage battery when instruments are not used. Can realize automatic control through regulation control panel and programmable controller, change alternating current frequency through the converter, improve the productivity of ozone, change alternating voltage through the transformer, improve high-voltage discharge frequency and efficiency, improve ozone productivity and effect. After the whole process, the final effluent of the step b contains active oxygen such as ozone, hydroxyl free radicals and the like, and the active oxygen is sprayed on the surface of the plant through spraying, so that the ozone and the free radicals in the water can quickly kill microorganisms on the surfaces of the roots, stems and leaves of the plant; the plastic film and the glass on the surface of the greenhouse, agricultural equipment, seedling raising soil, seedling raising instruments and the surface of seeds can be sprayed and disinfected; in addition, when the water tank 8 does not contain water, the ozone gas can be directly used for air disinfection of seedling raising rooms, tissue culture rooms, greenhouses, grain bins, animal raising rooms and the like.

2. The manufacture and the application of the solar plant disease and insect pest therapeutic apparatus for facility cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the apparatus is a square container with the side length of 50-100cm and the height of 50-120cm, and the periphery of the apparatus is composed of a stainless steel box body; the upper part of the square container box body is provided with a solar electric plate (a solar light receiving plate is arranged outside the box body), a solar battery, a storage battery, an inverter, a programmable controller, a frequency converter, a transformer and the like; the lower part is provided with an air filter, a dryer, an air compressor, a high-voltage discharge ozone device, a gas-liquid mixing pump with the power of 0.5 to 1.5 kilowatts, a water tank with the power of 5 to 40 liters, a water spray valve, a spray head and the like; all devices are connected by pipelines, where active oxygen passes through, the pipelines are made of stainless steel materials, the whole system is powered by a solar system, when sunlight is insufficient, a 24-36V storage battery can be used for supplying power, when the sunlight is sufficient, the storage battery can be charged, and the storage battery can also be charged by commercial power; the programmable controller can regulate and control the whole system, set the timing for 30-200 minutes, the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current, the frequency converter and the step-up transformer are used for changing the frequency and the voltage of the alternating current and controlling the output speed and the concentration of the active oxygen and ozone, the gas-liquid mixing pump mixes the ozone gas with the water in the circular or square water tank with the volume of 5-40 liters, and the ozone gas is controlled by the water spray valve and sprayed to the plant leaves and stems through the nozzles; the plastic films and the glass on the four walls and the top of the greenhouse, agricultural implements, seedling raising soil, seedling raising implements and the surfaces of seeds can be sprayed and disinfected; the ozone and free radicals dissolved in water can be sprayed on plants in a mist form, pathogenic microorganisms and pests on plant leaves and stems can be killed quickly, and the ozone and the free radicals are decomposed into oxygen and water without environmental pollution.

3. The manufacture and application of solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus for facility cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises assembling the above-mentioned components, switching on the power supply, starting the air compressor, filtering the air with the filter to remove the particulate matter in the air, drying in the dryer to remove water, generating high-pressure compressed air flow, entering the high-pressure discharge ozonizer (composed of 3-10 pairs of barrier medium electrodes), generating high-concentration active ozone, sucking out the water in the water tank by means of the pressure of the compressed air and the suction force of the gas-liquid mixing pump, mixing with ozone in the mixing pump, dissolving ozone in water and mixing, spraying to the plant surface through the nozzle, adding 0.5-1 g ferrous sulfate and 0.3-1.2 g oxalic acid into the water tank, 0.1 to 0.5 g of azoquinone promotes the Fenton reaction and the free radical reaction of ozone and the substances in water to generate hydroxyl free radicals and the like, improves the solubility and the stability of ozone, increases the oxidizing power and the sterilizing and disinsection power, generally sprays the azoquinone at the initial stage and the full stage of incubation of plant pest eggs, sprays the azoquinone for 1 time every 3 days, and continuously sprays the azoquinone for 3 to 5 times; spraying for 1 time every 4 days at the initial stage of disease onset, and continuously spraying for 3-6 times.

4. The manufacture and application of a solar plant disease and pest treatment instrument for facility cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the treatment process of the step b, the current of the solar panel and the solar cell is adjusted according to the intensity of sunlight, and the solar panel can be used for charging and storing energy for standby use in 24-36V storage batteries without using the instrument. Can realize automatic control through adjusting control panel and programmable controller, change alternating current frequency through the converter, rise to 500Hz from 50Hz, improve the productivity of ozone, change alternating voltage through the transformer, rise voltage from 24-36V to 5000V, improve high-voltage discharge frequency and efficiency, improve ozone productivity and effect. After the whole process, the final effluent of the step b contains active oxygen such as ozone, hydroxyl free radicals and the like, and the active oxygen is sprayed on the surface of the plant through spraying, so that the ozone and the free radicals in the water can quickly kill microorganisms on the surfaces of the roots, stems and leaves of the plant; the plastic film and the glass on the four walls and the top of the greenhouse, agricultural implements, seedling raising soil, seedling raising implements and the surfaces of seeds can be sprayed and disinfected for 2 to 5 times; in addition, when the water tank 8 does not contain water, the ozone gas can be directly used for sterilizing air in a seedling raising room, a tissue culture room, a greenhouse, a barn, an animal raising room and the like for 60-200 minutes.

5. The manufacture of the solar plant disease and pest therapeutic apparatus for facility cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and its application in the prevention and control of plant diseases and pests on the surface of crops cultivated in a facility, the disinfection of plastic films and glass in greenhouse, the disinfection of seedling trays, the surface disinfection of seedling beds, the disinfection of agricultural machinery and tools, the disinfection of seedling roots, the disinfection of soil surface, the disinfection of air in granary, animal feeding room and greenhouse.