CN111092647A - Data signal transmission method for satellite communication - Google Patents

Data signal transmission method for satellite communication Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111092647A
CN111092647A CN201911311890.7A CN201911311890A CN111092647A CN 111092647 A CN111092647 A CN 111092647A CN 201911311890 A CN201911311890 A CN 201911311890A CN 111092647 A CN111092647 A CN 111092647A
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data signal
spread spectrum
carrying
code
uplink
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CN111092647B (en
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沈洁
吕强
孙谦
朱莲枝
刘涛
宋博
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Beijing Guodian Gaoke Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Guodian Gaoke Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0059Convolutional codes

Abstract

The invention provides an uplink data signal transmission method for satellite communication, which comprises the following steps: forming a VCDU data unit with standard rate according to the uplink transmission rate of the data signal; carrying out convolution scrambling on the data signal of each VCDU data unit through a scrambling code generating function; carrying out convolutional coding on the scrambled data signal by adopting a convolutional code; generating a channel frame from the data signal after the convolutional coding, and performing spread spectrum coding on the channel frame; carrying out pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream after the spread spectrum coding to generate a pulse data signal; and carrying out uplink transmission on the pulse data signal through an uplink channel. The invention balances the capacity of the system and the complexity of signal processing, not only can ensure the communication instruction and effectively improve the communication capacity of the system, but also can reasonably select the communication frequency and reduce the interference influence among the systems.

Description

Data signal transmission method for satellite communication
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a data signal transmission method for satellite communication.
Background
Satellite communication is a communication mode which takes a satellite as a repeater and realizes ground remote communication. Compared with a terrestrial communication system, the satellite communication system has the advantages of wide signal coverage area, long communication distance, wide available frequency band, large communication capacity, stable communication line and the like, and is widely applied.
Currently, satellite communication generally adopts FDMA (frequency division multiple access) system alone due to the limitation of spectrum resources, thereby increasing the number of available code channels.
FDMA systems, however, have some overhead: 1) the radio frequency design for dealing with the exceeding of the spectral density of the transmitted signal; 2) adopting a high-order digital filter to suppress adjacent channel interference; 3) the anti-interference capability is low, and the overhead of a response mode is adopted on the ground; 4) the frequency offset is large, and the processing of the rapidly captured digital signal is complex; 5) more complex on-board channel management is required.
And FDMA system alone is adopted, although potential capacity is doubled, the following problems are faced:
1. the transmitted power spectral density is obviously overproof, and the terminal authentication and further application and popularization are difficult;
2. almost has no anti-interference capability, and reliable communication can not be ensured in the VHF frequency band;
3. the on-board processing power is not significantly reduced and more complex on-board channel management is faced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a data signal transmission method for satellite communication, which is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission of data signals in a satellite communication system, and the method uses a hybrid communication system of FDMA (frequency division multiple access) and CDMA (code division multiple access), which considers the balance between increasing system capacity and reducing complexity of signal processing, and can be used in a wireless device for communication between a medium and low orbit satellite and the ground, so as to not only ensure communication commands and effectively increase system communication capacity, but also reasonably select communication frequency and reduce interference influence between systems.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that an uplink data signal transmission method for satellite communication comprises the following steps:
forming a VCDU data unit with standard rate according to the uplink transmission rate of the data signal;
carrying out convolution scrambling on the data signal of each VCDU data unit through a scrambling code generating function;
carrying out convolutional coding on the scrambled data signal by adopting a convolutional code;
generating a channel frame from the data signal after the convolutional coding, and performing spread spectrum coding on the channel frame;
carrying out pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream after the spread spectrum coding to generate a pulse data signal;
and carrying out uplink transmission on the pulse data signal through an uplink channel.
Preferably, the multiple access mode of the uplink channel adopts a frequency division multiple access-time division multiple access-code division multiple access mode, the corresponding uplink bandwidth is divided into 12 frequency division channels, and each frequency division channel is divided into 8 code division channels;
the code division multiple access also includes spreading the code division channel using a direct sequence spreading mode.
Preferably, the data signal includes:
an uplink data signal with a rate less than or equal to 208bps correspondingly generates a VCDU data unit with a standard rate of 208 bps; or
The uplink data signal with the rate less than or equal to 832bps correspondingly generates VCDU data unit with the standard rate of 832 bps.
Preferably, when the uplink transmission rate of the data signal is equal to or less than 832bps, the method further includes:
after the convolutional scrambling step, the scrambled data signal is RS-encoded.
Preferably, the pulse modulation comprises:
carrying out DBPSK pulse modulation on a spread spectrum code stream with a standard rate of 208 bps; or
And carrying out DPSK pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream with the standard rate of 832 bps.
The invention also provides a downlink data signal transmission method for satellite communication, which comprises the following steps:
forming a VCDU data unit with standard rate according to the downlink transmission rate of the data signal;
carrying out convolution scrambling on the data signal of each VCDU data unit through a scrambling code generating function;
carrying out convolutional coding on the scrambled data signal by adopting a convolutional code;
generating a channel frame from the data signal after the convolutional coding, and performing spread spectrum coding on the channel frame;
carrying out pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream after the spread spectrum coding to generate a pulse data signal;
and carrying out downlink transmission on the pulse data signal through a downlink channel.
Preferably, the multiple access mode of the downlink channel adopts a time division multiplexing-direct sequence spread spectrum mode.
Preferably, the data signal includes:
a downlink data signal with a speed less than or equal to 208bps correspondingly generates a VCDU data unit with a standard speed of 208 bps; or
And correspondingly generating a VCDU data unit with the standard rate of 1152bps by using the downlink data signal with the rate of less than or equal to 1152 bps.
Preferably, when the downlink transmission rate of the data signal is less than or equal to 1152bps, the method further includes:
after the convolutional scrambling step, the scrambled data signal is RS-encoded.
Preferably, the pulse modulation comprises:
carrying out DBPSK pulse modulation on a spread spectrum code stream with a standard rate of 208 bps; or
And carrying out DPSK pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream with the standard rate of 1152 bps.
Preferably, the scrambling code generation function is implemented by using a circular shift register.
Preferably, the spread spectrum code includes:
and carrying out spread spectrum coding on the channel frame through a Gold spread spectrum code, and converting the frame into chips to form a spread spectrum code stream.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of uplink channel partitioning in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for processing an uplink data signal at 208 bps;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the processing of an uplink for an uplink data signal at 832bps rate in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the downlink channel partitioning of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the processing of a downlink signal at 208bps according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the processing of a downlink signal at 1152bps according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure and time slot division of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail an embodiment of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 7.
The embodiment of the invention provides a data signal transmission method for satellite communication, which is applied to an uplink and a downlink between a satellite load system and a ground terminal and is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission of an incoming and outgoing data signal;
as shown in fig. 1, the uplink uses a multiple access method of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), occupies a VHF (very high frequency) band of 240MHz to 243MHz, divides an uplink 3MHz bandwidth into 12 250KHz frequency division channels, each frequency division channel includes 8 code division channels, and the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) further includes spreading the code division channels using a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) mode, and a plurality of end users use the spread code division channels to perform burst transmission of uplink data signals according to a slotted aloha method;
the uplink also comprises a signal processing device located in the end user equipment, such as a DSP chip or an FPGA chip, and supports processing of uplink data signals with two rates of 208bps and 832 bps;
as shown in fig. 2, for the uplink data signal with the transmission rate less than or equal to 208bps, the processing steps are as follows:
201: processing the user data signal less than or equal to 208bps to form a VCDU (virtual channel data unit) data unit with the same standard rate, namely 208 bps;
202: generating function H (x) x for input data signal of each VCDU data unit by scrambling code8+x7+x5+x3+1, carrying out convolution scrambling to form a scrambled 208-bit data unit and 8-bit convolution tail bits, wherein the total number of the convolution tail bits is 216 bits;
in this step, the purpose of convolution scrambling is to encrypt the data of each VCDU data unit, and the implementation of the above scrambling code generation function, that is, the generation of the scrambling code is implemented by using a circular shift register;
203: 216 bits after scrambling are subjected to convolutional code convolution operation, the convolutional code is in the form of (n, k, L) and respectively corresponds to an output bit number, an input bit number and a constraint length, the convolutional code adopted here is (4,3,7), a 288-bit VCDU data unit is formed after coding, a 32-bit synchronization head, 16-bit processing delay protection and 4-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection are added, wherein the 4-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection corresponds to the protection time of 11 seconds and is 340 bits in total;
in this step, the purpose of convolutional coding is that when a digital signal is transmitted in a wireless channel, due to non-ideal self condition characteristics of the channel, the digital signal is affected by a plurality of noise interferences, so that an error code is generated, and the error rate can be reduced by a convolutional coding technology;
204: the 340bit forms a channel frame;
205: carrying out spread spectrum coding on the channel frame, wherein the spread spectrum code adopts 29-Gold code of form 1, converting frame (bit) into chip (chip) stream (1bit occupies multiple chips), forming 511340 ═ 173740chip spread spectrum code stream;
206: carrying out DBPSK modulation on the spread spectrum code stream, carrying out pulse forming, and forming an uplink bandwidth 223KHz (a pass band 225 and a stop band 50KHz) by adopting a pulse with a roll-off coefficient of 0.25;
after the uplink bandwidth is formed, uplink transmission of data signals can be performed by using the corresponding communication frequency band.
As shown in fig. 3, for the uplink data signal with the transmission rate less than or equal to 832bps, the processing steps are as follows:
301: processing the user data signal less than or equal to 832bps to form a VCDU (virtual channel data unit) data unit with the same standard rate of 832 bps;
302: generating function H (x) x for input data signal of each VCDU data unit by scrambling code8+x7+x5+x3+1 convolution scrambling to form a scrambled 832-bit data unit;
as mentioned above, the convolution scrambling in this step is to encrypt the data of each VCDU data unit, and the implementation of the scrambling code generation function, that is, the generation of the scrambling code, is implemented by using a circular shift register;
303: RS encoding: only the 832bps rate is valid, RS (255,239) virtually fills the post RS (120,104), and encodes to form 16B parity bits;
304: VCDU data unit 120B plus the convolution tail of 12B;
305: the 972 bits (120B × 8+12 ═ 972 bits) perform convolutional code convolution operation, the convolutional codes are in the forms of (n, k, L) and respectively correspond to the output bit number, the input bit number and the constraint length, the convolutional codes adopted here are (4,3,7), a 1296-bit VCDU data unit is formed after coding, a 32-bit synchronization header, 16-bit processing delay protection and 16-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection are added, wherein the 16-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection corresponds to the protection time of 12 seconds;
306: the 1360bit forms the channel frame;
307: carrying out spread spectrum coding on a channel frame, wherein the spread spectrum code adopts a Gold code in a form, converting a frame (bit) into a chip (chip) stream (1bit occupies multiple chips), and forming a spread spectrum code stream of which 1271360 is 172720 chips;
308: performing DPSK modulation on the spread spectrum code stream, performing pulse forming, and forming an uplink bandwidth of 222KHz (a pass band of 225KHz and a stop band of 50KHz) by adopting a pulse with a roll-off coefficient of 0.25;
after the uplink bandwidth is formed, uplink transmission of data signals can be performed by using the corresponding communication frequency band.
As shown in fig. 4, the downlink uses a multiple access method of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) -Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), occupies a frequency band from 318MHz to 320MHz, and may contain at most 2 code division channels, the satellite load system transmits downlink data signals to corresponding terminal users according to time slots, and the terminal users only receive data signals of downlink time slots related to themselves;
the downlink further comprises a signal processing device located at the satellite load terminal, such as a DSP chip or an FPGA chip, and supports processing of downlink signals with two rates of 208bps and 1152 bps;
as shown in fig. 5, for the downlink data signal with the transmission rate less than or equal to 208bps, the processing steps are as follows:
501: processing the data signal less than or equal to 208bps to form a VCDU (virtual channel data unit) data unit with the same standard rate, namely 208 bps;
502: input data of each VCDU data unit is processed by a scrambling code generation function H (x) ═ x8+x7+x5+x3+1 convolution scrambling to form a scrambled 208-bit data unit and 8-bit convolution tail bits;
as mentioned above, the convolution scrambling in this step is to encrypt the data of each VCDU data unit, and the implementation of the scrambling code generation function, that is, the generation of the scrambling code, is implemented by using a circular shift register;
503: carrying out convolutional code convolution operation on the scrambled 216 bits, wherein the convolutional code is in the form of (n, k and L) and corresponds to the output bit number, the input bit number and the constraint length respectively, the adopted convolutional code is (4,3 and 7), a 288-bit VCDU data unit is formed after coding, a 32-bit synchronization head, 16-bit processing delay protection and 4-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection are added, and the 4-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection corresponds to the protection time of 11 seconds;
504: the 340 bits form a channel frame.
505: carrying out spread spectrum coding on the channel frame, wherein the spread spectrum code adopts 29-Gold code in the form of 1, converting a frame (bit) into a stream of chips (chip) (1bit occupied multi-chip), forming511340 is 173740chip spread spectrum code stream;
506: carrying out DBPSK modulation on the spread spectrum code stream, carrying out pulse forming, and forming a downlink bandwidth 223KHz (a pass band 225 and a stop band 50KHz) by adopting a pulse with a roll-off coefficient of 0.25;
after the downlink bandwidth is formed, the corresponding communication frequency band can be used for downlink transmission of the data signal.
As shown in fig. 6, for the downlink data signal with the transmission rate less than or equal to 1152bps, the processing steps are as follows:
601: processing the data signals less than or equal to 1152bps to form VCDU (virtual channel data unit) data units with the same standard rate of 1152 bps;
602: input data of each VCDU data unit is processed by a scrambling code generation function H (x) ═ x8+x7+x5+x3+1 convolution scrambling to form a scrambled 1152bit data unit;
as mentioned above, the convolution scrambling in this step is to encrypt the data of each VCDU data unit, and the implementation of the scrambling code generation function, that is, the generation of the scrambling code, is implemented by using a circular shift register;
603: RS encoding: only 1152bps rate is effective, RS (255,223) uses dummy filling to realize RS (176,144), and 32B check bit is formed after coding;
604: VCDU data unit 176B plus the convolution tail of 8B.
605: carrying out convolutional code convolution operation on the 1416 bits (176B × 8+8 ═ 1416 bits), wherein the convolutional codes are in the forms of (n, k and L) and respectively correspond to the output bit number, the input bit number and the constraint length, the adopted convolutional codes are (2, 1 and 7), a 2832-bit VCDU data unit is formed after coding, a 32-bit synchronization header, 16-bit processing delay protection and 32-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection are added, and the 32-bit satellite-ground synchronization protection corresponds to the protection time of 12 seconds;
606: the 2912 bits form a channel frame.
607: carrying out spread spectrum coding on the channel frame, wherein the spread spectrum code adopts 29-Gold code in the form of 1, converting a frame (bit) into a stream of chips (chip) (1bit occupied multi-chip), forming5112912 is 1488032chip spread spectrum code stream;
608: carrying out DPSK modulation on the spread spectrum code stream, carrying out pulse forming, and forming a downlink bandwidth of 1890KHz (passband 1900KHz) by adopting a pulse with a roll-off coefficient of 0.25;
after the downlink bandwidth is formed, the corresponding communication frequency band can be used for downlink transmission of the data signal.
As shown in fig. 7, after the uplink or downlink of the present invention completes processing of the data signal, the data signal can be transmitted in a time slot manner, wherein the uplink time slot or downlink time slot and the corresponding frame structure are divided according to the following manner:
time synchronization and alignment are carried out through a GPS or a Beidou;
forming superframes, wherein each superframe is 60s, one superframe comprises 6 subframes, the number of the subframes is 0-5, and the length of each subframe is 10 s;
in the downlink direction, a 10S subframe comprises 10 slots, each occupying 1S, the first slot being a broadcast slot, and 9 other communication slots, numbered 1-9.
In the uplink direction, a 10S subframe includes 10 slots, each occupying 1S, which are communication slots, numbered 0-9.
In summary, the method provided by the present invention is used for communication between a satellite loading system and a ground terminal, and has the following advantages:
1. the short data satellite communication between the satellite load system and the ground miniaturized and low-power-consumption terminal is realized, the terminal information collection and downloading are realized, and the short data satellite communication method can be applied to the satellite Internet of things;
2. the data communication method comprises the steps that uplink sensor data and communication short message data transmitted by a user can be received, data information is demodulated, and the data information is transmitted through a data communication interface of a satellite-borne computer and stored in an on-satellite data counter;
3. the downlink functions supported by the load include: the periodic data is downloaded, namely satellite information broadcasted facing the terminal; triggering downlink; performing instruction descending; receiving the telemetering data of the satellite computer through the CAN bus, and finishing the downlink transmission of the telemetering data with a ground data center;
4. the application range is wide, AIS message data sent by ships can be received and processed, and ADS-B message data sent by aircrafts can be received.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (12)

1. A method for transmitting uplink data signals for satellite communication, comprising the steps of:
forming a VCDU data unit with standard rate according to the uplink transmission rate of the data signal;
carrying out convolution scrambling on the data signal of each VCDU data unit through a scrambling code generating function;
carrying out convolutional coding on the scrambled data signal by adopting a convolutional code;
generating a channel frame from the data signal after the convolutional coding, and performing spread spectrum coding on the channel frame;
carrying out pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream after the spread spectrum coding to generate a pulse data signal;
and carrying out uplink transmission on the pulse data signal through an uplink channel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the multiple access mode of the uplink channel adopts a frequency division multiple access-time division multiple access-code division multiple access mode, the corresponding uplink bandwidth is divided into 12 frequency division channels, and each frequency division channel is divided into 8 code division channels;
the code division multiple access also includes spreading the code division channel using a direct sequence spreading mode.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data signal comprises:
an uplink data signal with a rate less than or equal to 208bps correspondingly generates a VCDU data unit with a standard rate of 208 bps; or
The uplink data signal with the rate less than or equal to 832bps correspondingly generates VCDU data unit with the standard rate of 832 bps.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein when the uplink transmission rate of the data signal is equal to or less than 832bps, the method further comprises:
after the convolutional scrambling step, the scrambled data signal is RS-encoded.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the pulse modulation comprises:
carrying out DBPSK pulse modulation on a spread spectrum code stream with a standard rate of 208 bps; or
And carrying out DPSK pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream with the standard rate of 832 bps.
6. A method for transmitting downlink data signals for satellite communications, comprising the steps of:
forming a VCDU data unit with standard rate according to the downlink transmission rate of the data signal;
carrying out convolution scrambling on the data signal of each VCDU data unit through a scrambling code generating function;
carrying out convolutional coding on the scrambled data signal by adopting a convolutional code;
generating a channel frame from the data signal after the convolutional coding, and performing spread spectrum coding on the channel frame;
carrying out pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream after the spread spectrum coding to generate a pulse data signal;
and carrying out downlink transmission on the pulse data signal through a downlink channel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the multiple access mode of the downlink channel adopts a time division multiplexing-direct sequence spread spectrum mode.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the data signal comprises:
a downlink data signal with a speed less than or equal to 208bps correspondingly generates a VCDU data unit with a standard speed of 208 bps; or
And correspondingly generating a VCDU data unit with the standard rate of 1152bps by using the downlink data signal with the rate of less than or equal to 1152 bps.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein when the downlink transmission rate of the data signal is less than or equal to 1152bps, further comprising:
after the convolutional scrambling step, the scrambled data signal is RS-encoded.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the pulse modulation comprises:
carrying out DBPSK pulse modulation on a spread spectrum code stream with a standard rate of 208 bps; or
And carrying out DPSK pulse modulation on the spread spectrum code stream with the standard rate of 1152 bps.
11. A method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the scrambling code generation function is implemented using a circular shift register.
12. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein the spread spectrum coding comprises:
and carrying out spread spectrum coding on the channel frame through a Gold spread spectrum code, and converting the frame into chips to form a spread spectrum code stream.
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