CN111092240A - Metal bipolar plate flow field system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Metal bipolar plate flow field system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The bipolar plate is formed by connecting an anode unipolar plate, a cathode unipolar plate and a middle partition plate to form a three-layer structure, and a fuel flow field, an oxidant flow field, a cooling liquid flow field II and a cooling liquid flow field I are respectively formed. The anode flow field of the metal bipolar plate flow field system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell reserves the advantages of small pressure drop of a plurality of paths of serpentine flow channels and good gas diffusivity of interdigitated flow channels; the cathode flow field reserves the convenience of exhausting gas of a plurality of paths of serpentine flow channels and reducing pressure, and meanwhile, the convex hulls ensure that the oxidant flowing in the flow channels is favorable for diffusing to the diffusion layer to improve the power of the battery; the two groups of double cooling liquid flow fields with opposite cooling liquid flowing directions enable the cooling temperature of the cooling liquid to be more uniform, the consistency of the working area of the fuel cell is better, the heat control capability of the fuel cell is greatly improved, and the safety of the fuel cell is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a metal bipolar plate flow field system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Technical Field
At present, in the storage battery industry, such as lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and the like, because of the great hidden dangers in the aspects of environmental protection, safety and the like, the requirements of green energy sources are difficult to meet today in the scientific and technological development, and the development of novel substitute products is not slow enough. A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy in fuel and oxygen into electrical energy in an electrochemical reaction without combustion under isothermal conditions. Is considered to be the ultimate solution for solving the energy environmental crisis.
The proton membrane fuel cell is an ideal substitution scheme for automobile power sources and energy storage power stations due to excellent properties of low temperature, environmental protection and the like. The metal bipolar plate has unique excellent performance and is one of important material applications of the bipolar plate as the main component of the proton membrane fuel cell.
The bipolar plate of the proton membrane fuel cell in the market is mainly a graphite bipolar plate, the application of the metal bipolar plate is still in the initial stage, and the requirements are provided for the design of the flow field of the metal bipolar plate of the fuel cell for improving the output power of the cell, improving the drainage performance, preventing flooding, improving the heat management efficiency of the system, improving the safety and the stability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design and provide a technical scheme of a metal bipolar plate flow field system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which obviously improves the output power of the cell, enables the cooling temperature of cooling liquid to be more uniform by two groups of double cooling liquid flow fields with opposite flowing directions of the cooling liquid, has better consistency of the working area of the fuel cell, greatly improves the heat control capability of the fuel cell, and provides guarantee for the safety of the fuel cell.
The metal bipolar plate flow field system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized in that the bipolar plate is formed by connecting an anode unipolar plate, a cathode unipolar plate and a middle partition plate, and a fuel flow field, an oxidant flow field, a cooling liquid flow field II and a cooling liquid flow field I are respectively formed.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that the front surface of an anode unipolar plate is a fuel flow field, and a full-flow multi-path serpentine-interdigitated flow channel or a multi-path serpentine flow channel is adopted; meanwhile, the whole flow channel enables the back surface to form a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid channel which is a cooling liquid flow field II.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that the front surface of a cathode unipolar plate is an oxidant flow field, a plurality of serpentine flow channels with convex hulls are arranged in the middle, and the first two and the last two are common smooth serpentine flow channels; meanwhile, a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid flow channel is formed on the reverse side and is a cooling liquid flow field I.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that the intermediate baffle is a perforated flat plate, two sides of the intermediate baffle are respectively connected with the cathode unipolar plate and the anode unipolar plate, and a cooling liquid flow field I and a cooling liquid flow field II are respectively formed on two sides of the intermediate baffle; the flow channel arrangement directions of the cooling liquid flow field I and the cooling liquid flow field II are opposite.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that an anode plate body of a single-pole plate is provided with an anode plate fuel inlet channel, an anode plate cooling liquid inlet channel, an anode plate oxidant outlet channel, an anode plate cooling liquid outlet channel, an anode plate fuel inlet channel pore and an anode plate fuel outlet channel pore; the positive surface of the anode unipolar plate is provided with an anode plate fuel flow channel, the starting end and the tail end of the anode plate fuel flow channel are respectively provided with a section of anode plate fuel flow field transition channel, and an anode plate sealing position is arranged on the peripheral plate body of the anode plate fuel flow channel; the back surface of the anode unipolar plate is provided with a cooling liquid flow channel II of a cooling liquid flow field, an anode plate fuel inlet cavity, an anode plate coolant inlet cavity and an anode plate fuel outlet cavity, the periphery of the cooling liquid flow channel II of the cooling liquid flow field is provided with an anode plate welding/bonding position, and the anode plate fuel inlet cavity and the anode plate fuel outlet cavity are respectively connected with an anode plate fuel flow field transition channel through an anode plate fuel inlet flow channel small hole and an anode plate fuel outlet flow channel small hole.
The metal bipolar plate flow field system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized in that a cathode plate oxidant inlet channel, a cathode plate cooling liquid inlet channel, a cathode plate fuel outlet channel, a cathode plate cooling liquid outlet channel, a cathode plate oxidant inlet channel pore and a cathode plate oxidant outlet channel pore are arranged on a plate body of a cathode unipolar plate; the front surface of the cathode unipolar plate is provided with a cathode plate oxidant flow channel, the beginning and the end of the cathode plate oxidant flow channel are respectively provided with a section of cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel, and the periphery of the cathode plate oxidant flow channel is provided with a cathode plate sealing position; the reverse side of the cathode unipolar plate is provided with a cooling liquid flow channel I of a cooling liquid flow field, a cathode plate oxidant inlet cavity, a cooling liquid outlet cavity and a cathode plate oxidant air cavity, the periphery of the cooling liquid flow channel I of the cooling liquid flow field is provided with a cathode plate welding/bonding position, and the cathode plate oxidant inlet cavity, the cathode plate oxidant air cavity and a cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel are respectively connected through a cathode plate oxidant inlet flow channel small hole and a cathode plate oxidant outlet flow channel small hole.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that an oxidant inlet channel, a cooling liquid inlet channel, a fuel inlet channel, a cooling liquid flow field I inlet channel rectangular hole, a cooling liquid inlet channel I, a cooling liquid inlet channel II and a cooling liquid flow field II inlet channel rectangular hole are formed in a cooling liquid flow field inlet end plate body of an intermediate partition plate, and a fuel outlet channel, a cooling liquid outlet channel, an oxidant outlet channel, a cooling liquid flow field II outlet channel rectangular hole, a cooling liquid outlet channel II, a cooling liquid outlet channel I and a cooling liquid flow field I outlet channel rectangular hole are formed in a cooling liquid flow field outlet end plate body of the intermediate partition plate.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that the thickness of the anode unipolar plate, the thickness of the cathode unipolar plate and the thickness of the middle separator are all 0.05-0.5mm, and the preferred thickness is 0.08-0.12 mm.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that the flow channel depth of an anode plate fuel flow channel and a cathode plate oxidant flow channel is as follows: 0.1-2.5mm, flow channel width: 0.5-2.5mm, ridge width: 0.5-2.5 mm.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system comprises a three-layer structure of a cathode unipolar plate, an anode unipolar plate and a middle partition plate, wherein an anode fuel flow field is a full-flow multi-path snake-shaped-interdigital flow channel or a multi-path snake-shaped flow channel, a cathode oxidant flow field is a multi-path snake-shaped flow channel with a convex hull, and a middle cooling liquid flow field is formed by two layers of double cooling liquid flow fields with opposite cooling liquid flow directions. The anode flow field of the device reserves the advantages of small pressure drop of a plurality of paths of serpentine flow channels and good gas diffusivity of interdigital flow channels; the cathode flow field reserves the convenience of exhausting gas of a plurality of paths of serpentine flow channels and reducing pressure, and meanwhile, the convex hulls ensure that the oxidant flowing in the flow channels is favorable for diffusing to the diffusion layer to improve the power of the battery; the two groups of double cooling liquid flow fields with opposite cooling liquid flowing directions enable the cooling temperature of the cooling liquid to be more uniform, the consistency of the working area of the fuel cell is better, the heat control capability of the fuel cell is greatly improved, and the safety of the fuel cell is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a split structure of a bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of an anode plate surface of a bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a cathode plate surface of a bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the partition plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the reverse structure of the anode unipolar plate of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of an anode unipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a portion B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cathode unipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the reverse structure of a cathode unipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the cathode unipolar plate of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-anode unipolar plate, 2-cathode unipolar plate, 3-intermediate separator, S1-anode plate fuel gas inlet channel, S2-anode plate cooling liquid inlet channel, S3-anode plate oxidant gas inlet channel, S4-anode plate oxidant gas outlet channel, S5-anode plate cooling liquid outlet channel, S6-anode plate fuel gas outlet channel, and S7-anode plate sealing position, the fuel cooling system comprises an S8 anode plate fuel flow channel, an S9 anode plate fuel flow field transition channel, an S10 anode plate fuel outflow channel pore, an S11 anode plate fuel inflow channel pore, an S12 anode plate welding/bonding position, an S13 cooling liquid flow field II cooling liquid flow channel, an S14 anode plate fuel inlet cavity, an S15 anode plate coolant inlet cavity and an S16 anode plate fuel outlet cavity; h1-cathode plate oxidant inlet channel, H2-cathode plate coolant liquid inlet channel, H3-cathode plate fuel inlet channel, H4-cathode plate fuel outlet channel, H5-cathode plate coolant liquid outlet channel, H6-cathode plate oxidant outlet channel, H7-cathode plate sealing position, H8-cathode plate oxidant flow channel, H9-cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel, H10-cathode plate oxidant outlet flow channel pore, H11-cathode plate oxidant inlet flow channel pore, H12-cathode plate welding/bonding position, H13-coolant flow field I coolant flow channel, H14-oxidant cathode plate inlet cavity, H15-coolant liquid outlet cavity, H16-cathode plate oxidant air cavity; k1-oxidant inlet channel, K2-cooling liquid inlet channel, K3-fuel inlet channel, K4-fuel outlet channel, K5-cooling liquid outlet channel, K6-oxidant outlet channel, K7-cooling liquid flow field I inlet channel rectangular hole, K8-cooling liquid inlet channel I, K9-cooling liquid inlet channel II, K10-cooling liquid flow field II inlet channel rectangular hole, K11-cooling liquid flow field II outlet channel rectangular hole, K12-cooling liquid outlet channel II, K13-cooling liquid outlet channel I and K14-cooling liquid flow field I outlet channel rectangular hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, the bipolar plate of the metal bipolar plate flow field system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is formed by laser welding or gluing an anode unipolar plate 1, a cathode unipolar plate 2 and a middle partition plate 3, and a fuel flow field, an oxidant flow field, a cooling liquid flow field II and a cooling liquid flow field I are respectively formed.
Further, the front surface of the anode unipolar plate 1 is a fuel flow field, and a full-flow multi-path snake-shaped-interdigital flow channel or a multi-path snake-shaped flow channel is adopted; meanwhile, the whole flow channel enables the back surface to form a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid channel which is a cooling liquid flow field II.
Further, the front surface of the cathode unipolar plate 2 is provided with an oxidant flow field, the middle part of the cathode unipolar plate is provided with a plurality of snake-shaped flow channels with convex hulls, and the first and the last two flow channels are provided with common smooth snake-shaped flow channels; meanwhile, a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid flow channel is formed on the reverse side and is a cooling liquid flow field I.
Furthermore, the intermediate partition plate 3 is a flat plate with holes, two sides of the intermediate partition plate 3 are respectively connected with the cathode unipolar plate 2 and the anode unipolar plate 1, and a cooling liquid flow field I and a cooling liquid flow field II are respectively formed on two sides of the intermediate partition plate 3; the flow channel arrangement directions of the cooling liquid flow field I and the cooling liquid flow field II are opposite.
Further, an anode plate fuel inlet channel S1, an anode plate coolant inlet channel S2, an anode plate oxidant inlet channel S3, an anode plate oxidant outlet channel S4, an anode plate coolant outlet channel S5, an anode plate fuel outlet channel S6, anode plate fuel inlet channel pores S11 and anode plate fuel outlet channel pores S10 are arranged on the plate body of the anode unipolar plate 1; the front surface of the anode unipolar plate 1 is provided with an anode plate fuel flow channel S8, the beginning and the end of the anode plate fuel flow channel S8 are respectively provided with a section of anode plate fuel flow field transition channel S9, and the peripheral plate body of the anode plate fuel flow channel S8 is provided with an anode plate sealing position S7; the reverse side of the anode unipolar plate 1 is provided with a cooling liquid flow field II cooling liquid flow channel S13, an anode plate fuel inlet cavity S14, an anode plate coolant inlet cavity S15 and an anode plate fuel outlet cavity S16, the periphery of the cooling liquid flow field II cooling liquid flow channel S13 is provided with an anode plate welding/bonding position S12, and the anode plate fuel inlet cavity S14 and the anode plate fuel outlet cavity S16 are respectively connected with the anode plate fuel flow field transition channel S9 through anode plate fuel inlet channel small holes S11 and anode plate fuel outlet channel small holes S10. If a full-flow multi-path snake-shaped-interdigital flow channel is adopted, the advantages of small pressure drop of the multi-path snake-shaped flow channel and good gas diffusivity of the interdigital flow channel are kept, and meanwhile, the full-flow channel enables the other side to form a complete multi-path snake-shaped cooling liquid flow channel. The starting end and the tail end of the multi-path snake-shaped and interdigitated flow channel or the multi-path snake-shaped flow channel of the whole flow path of the anode plate are respectively provided with a section of anode plate fuel flow field transition channel S9, and the anode plate air inlet and outlet cavity S14 is connected with the anode plate fuel flow field transition channel S9 through an anode plate fuel inlet flow channel pore S11 or an anode plate fuel outlet flow channel pore S10. All the gas inlet and outlet and cooling liquid inlet and outlet cavities are provided with sealing grooves, and the reverse surfaces of the sealing grooves are laser welding/bonding surfaces to form anode plate welding/bonding lines S12. The structure not only ensures that the fuel in the fuel flow field does not leak, but also blocks the fuel in the back cooling liquid flow field from permeating.
Further, a cathode plate oxidant inlet channel H1, a cathode plate coolant inlet channel H2, a cathode plate fuel inlet channel H3, a cathode plate fuel outlet channel H4, a cathode plate coolant outlet channel H5, a cathode plate oxidant outlet channel H6, a cathode plate oxidant inlet channel small hole H11 and a cathode plate oxidant outlet channel small hole H10 are arranged on the plate body of the cathode unipolar plate 2; the front surface of the cathode unipolar plate 2 is provided with a cathode plate oxidant flow channel H8, the beginning and the end of the cathode plate oxidant flow channel H8 are respectively provided with a section of cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel H9, and the periphery of the cathode plate oxidant flow channel H8 is provided with a cathode plate sealing position H7; the reverse side of the cathode unipolar plate 2 is provided with a cooling liquid flow channel I of a cooling liquid flow field H13, a cathode plate oxidant inlet cavity H14, a cooling liquid outlet cavity H15 and a cathode plate oxidant air cavity H16, a cathode plate welding/bonding position H12 is arranged on the periphery of the cooling liquid flow channel I of the cooling liquid flow field H13, and the cathode plate oxidant inlet cavity H14, the cathode plate oxidant air cavity H16 and the cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel H9 are respectively connected through a cathode plate oxidant inlet flow channel small hole H11 and a cathode plate oxidant outlet flow channel small hole H10. One surface of the cathode unipolar plate 2 is provided with an oxidant flow field, so that water drainage is facilitated, and meanwhile, the output power of the fuel cell is improved. The flow channel keeps the convenience of exhausting the multi-path serpentine flow channel and reducing the pressure, and meanwhile, the convex hulls enable the oxidant flowing in the flow channel to be favorable for diffusing to the diffusion layer, and meanwhile, a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid flow channel is formed on the other surface. Similarly, the starting end and the tail end of the multi-path serpentine flow channel with the cathode plate provided with the convex hull are respectively provided with a section of cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel H9, and the cathode plate inlet and outlet air cavity H14 is connected with the cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel H9 through a cathode plate oxidant inlet flow channel small hole H11 or a cathode plate oxidant outlet flow channel small hole H10. All the peripheries of the air inlet and outlet and the cooling liquid inlet and outlet are provided with sealing grooves, and the reverse surfaces of the sealing grooves are laser welding/bonding surfaces. The structure not only ensures that the oxidant in the oxidant flow field does not leak, but also blocks the oxidant in the back cooling liquid flow field from permeating.
Further, an oxidant air inlet channel K1, a coolant liquid inlet channel K2, a fuel air inlet channel K3, a coolant liquid inlet channel I rectangular hole K7, a coolant liquid inlet channel I K8, a coolant liquid inlet channel II K9 and a coolant liquid inlet channel II rectangular hole K10 are arranged on the upper plate body of the coolant liquid flow field of the intermediate partition plate 3, and a fuel air outlet channel K4, a coolant liquid outlet channel K5, an oxidant air outlet channel K6, a coolant liquid outlet channel II rectangular hole K11, a coolant liquid outlet channel II K12, a coolant liquid outlet channel I K13 and a coolant liquid I outlet channel rectangular hole K14 are arranged on the lower plate body of the coolant liquid flow field of the intermediate partition plate 3. The middle separator 3 is provided with fuel, oxidant and cooling liquid inlet and outlet channels, and rectangular cooling liquid inlet and outlet channels are arranged at the corresponding positions of the start and end of the flow channel of the cathode unipolar plate and the anode unipolar plate and at the proper positions outside the cooling liquid sealing groove. Two sides of the middle partition plate are respectively connected with the cathode unipolar plate 2 and the anode unipolar plate 1, a layer of cooling liquid flow field is formed on each of two surfaces of the middle partition plate, the arrangement directions of flow channels of the two cooling liquid flow fields are opposite, the starting end and the tail end of each flow channel are rectangular holes of an inlet and outlet flow channel of the middle partition plate 3, cooling liquid enters the flow channels from the other surface of the middle partition plate through the rectangular holes of the inlet and outlet flow channels, and flows out from the other surface of the middle partition plate 3 through the rectangular holes of the inlet and outlet flow channels on the. The cooling liquid flow field is composed of two groups of flow fields with opposite flowing directions of the cooling liquid, so that the cooling temperature of the cooling liquid is more uniform, the consistency of the working area of the fuel cell is better, the heat control capability of the fuel cell is greatly improved, the excellent heat control capability is the basis of whether the fuel cell can stably operate, and the safety of the fuel cell is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the thickness of the raw material plate of the anode unipolar plate 1, the cathode unipolar plate 2 and the intermediate separator 3 is 0.05-0.5mm, preferably 0.08-0.12 mm. In order to improve the specific power and the price advantage of the fuel cell, the thickness of the raw material plate of the present invention is preferably defined as above in the case where the strength and the formability are suitable.
Further, the flow channel depth of the anode plate fuel flow channel S8 and the cathode plate oxidant flow channel H8: 0.1-2.5mm, flow channel width: 0.5-2.5mm, ridge width: 0.5-2.5 mm.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
a cooling liquid flow field I: the cooling liquid enters the coolant inlet cavity S15 of the anode plate at the side of the anode plate from the cooling liquid inlet channel K2, passes through the cooling liquid inlet channel I K8 of the intermediate partition plate and enters the cavity in front of the flow channel at the side of the cathode plate, at the moment, the cooling liquid is divided into two parts, wherein the first part of the cooling liquid passes through the middle clapboard from the cooling liquid inlet channel II K9 to return to the cavity in front of the anode side flow channel, then the cooling liquid flow field I enters the cathode side cooling liquid flow field I from the rectangular hole K7 of the inlet channel of the cooling liquid flow field I through the middle partition plate, after passing through the cooling liquid flow field I, the cooling liquid flow field I passes through the rectangular hole K14 of the flow passage of the cooling liquid flow field I of the intermediate baffle plate from the outlet end of the cooling liquid flow field I and flows out of the flow field to the cavity behind the cathode side flow passage, after being merged with the other part of the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid flows back to the cathode side through a cooling liquid outlet channel I K13 on the intermediate separator plate, enters a cooling liquid outlet cavity H15 of the cathode plate and then flows out of the bipolar plate from a cooling liquid outlet channel K5.
And (3) cooling liquid flow field II: the cooling liquid enters an anode plate coolant inlet cavity S15 on the side of an anode plate from a cooling liquid inlet channel K2, passes through a cooling liquid inlet channel I K8 of an intermediate partition plate and enters a cavity in front of a cathode plate side flow channel, at the moment, the cooling liquid is divided into two parts, wherein the second part of the cooling liquid passes through a cooling liquid flow field II inlet channel rectangular hole K10 and enters a cooling liquid flow field II on the anode side from the intermediate partition plate, passes through the cooling liquid flow field II from the outlet end of the cooling liquid flow field II and flows out of a flow channel rectangular hole K11 of the intermediate partition plate, enters a cavity behind the flow channel of a cathode, passes through a cooling liquid outlet channel II K12 of the intermediate partition plate and flows back to the side of the anode plate, is combined with the other part of the cooling liquid, passes through a cooling liquid outlet channel I K13 on the intermediate partition plate and flows back to the cathode side, enters a cooling liquid outlet.
A fuel flow field: the fuel enters the fuel inlet cavity S14 of the anode side from the fuel inlet channel S1, enters the fuel flow field transition channel S9 through the anode plate fuel inlet channel small holes S11, enters the fuel flow field channel S8, flows out of the fuel flow field into the fuel flow field transition channel S9, flows out of the fuel flow channel small holes S10 to reach the fuel outlet cavity S16, and then is discharged from the fuel outlet channel S6.
Oxidant flow field: the oxidant enters an oxidant inlet cavity H14 on the cathode side from an oxidant inlet channel H1, enters an oxidant flow field transition channel H9 through a cathode plate oxidant inlet flow channel small hole H11, enters an oxidant flow field channel H8, flows out of the oxidant flow field, enters an oxidant flow field transition channel H9, flows out of an oxidant outlet flow channel small hole H10 to reach an oxidant outlet cavity H16, and is discharged from an oxidant outlet channel H6.
The above technical solutions describe the present invention in detail, but do not limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any obvious alterations or substitutions to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein should also be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system is characterized in that the bipolar plate is formed by connecting an anode unipolar plate (1), a cathode unipolar plate (2) and a middle partition plate (3) and respectively forms a fuel flow field, an oxidant flow field, a cooling liquid flow field II and a cooling liquid flow field I.
2. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode unipolar plate (1) has a fuel flow field on the front surface, and adopts a full-flow multi-channel serpentine-interdigitated flow channel or a multi-channel serpentine flow channel; meanwhile, the whole flow channel enables the back surface to form a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid channel which is a cooling liquid flow field II.
3. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode unipolar plate (2) has an oxidant flow field on the front surface, adopts a multi-path serpentine flow channel with a convex hull in the middle, and has a common smooth serpentine flow channel on the first and last two; meanwhile, a complete multi-path serpentine cooling liquid flow channel is formed on the reverse side and is a cooling liquid flow field I.
4. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate partition plate (3) is a perforated flat plate, two sides of the intermediate partition plate (3) are respectively connected with the cathode unipolar plate (2) and the anode unipolar plate (1), and two sides of the intermediate partition plate (3) respectively form a cooling liquid flow field I and a cooling liquid flow field II; the flow channel arrangement directions of the cooling liquid flow field I and the cooling liquid flow field II are opposite.
5. The metal bipolar plate flow field system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode unipolar plate (1) is provided with an anode plate fuel inlet channel (S1), an anode plate coolant inlet channel (S2), an anode plate oxidant inlet channel (S3), an anode plate oxidant outlet channel (S4), an anode plate coolant outlet channel (S5), an anode plate fuel outlet channel (S6), an anode plate fuel inlet channel aperture (S11), and an anode plate fuel outlet channel aperture (S10); the front surface of the anode unipolar plate (1) is provided with an anode plate fuel flow channel (S8), the starting end and the tail end of the anode plate fuel flow channel (S8) are respectively provided with a section of anode plate fuel flow field transition channel (S9), and the peripheral plate body of the anode plate fuel flow channel (S8) is provided with an anode plate sealing position (S7); the negative side of the anode unipolar plate (1) is provided with a cooling liquid flow field II cooling liquid flow channel (S13), an anode plate fuel air inlet cavity (S14), an anode plate coolant liquid inlet cavity (S15) and an anode plate fuel air outlet cavity (S16), the periphery of the cooling liquid flow field II cooling liquid flow channel (S13) is provided with an anode plate welding/bonding position (S12), and the anode plate fuel air inlet cavity (S14) and the anode plate fuel air outlet cavity (S16) are respectively connected with an anode plate fuel flow field transition channel (S9) through anode plate fuel inlet flow channel small holes (S11) and anode plate fuel outlet flow channel small holes (S10).
6. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plate body of the cathode unipolar plate (2) is provided with a cathode plate oxidant inlet channel (H1), a cathode plate cooling liquid inlet channel (H2), a cathode plate fuel inlet channel (H3), a cathode plate fuel outlet channel (H4), a cathode plate cooling liquid outlet channel (H5), a cathode plate oxidant outlet channel (H6), a cathode plate oxidant inlet channel aperture (H11), and a cathode plate oxidant outlet channel aperture (H10); the front surface of the cathode unipolar plate (2) is provided with a cathode plate oxidant flow channel (H8), the beginning and the end of the cathode plate oxidant flow channel (H8) are respectively provided with a section of cathode plate oxidant flow field transition channel (H9), and the periphery of the cathode plate oxidant flow channel (H8) is provided with a cathode plate sealing position (H7); the negative pole unipolar plate (1) reverse side sets up I coolant liquid runner in coolant liquid flow field (H13), negative plate oxidant inlet chamber (H14), the coolant liquid goes out sap cavity (H15), negative plate oxidant air cavity (H16), coolant liquid flow field I coolant liquid runner (H13) periphery sets up negative plate welding/bonding position (H12), negative plate oxidant inlet chamber (H14), negative plate oxidant air cavity (H16) and negative plate oxidant flow field transition channel (H9) link to each other through negative plate oxidant inlet channel aperture (H11) and negative plate oxidant outlet channel aperture (H10) respectively.
7. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate flow field system as claimed in claim 1, wherein an oxidant gas inlet channel (K1), a coolant liquid inlet channel (K2), a fuel gas inlet channel (K3), a coolant liquid flow field i inlet channel rectangular hole (K7), a coolant liquid inlet channel i (K8), a coolant liquid inlet channel ii (K9), and a coolant liquid flow field ii inlet channel rectangular hole (K10) are disposed on the coolant liquid flow field inlet end plate body of the intermediate partition plate (3), and a fuel gas outlet channel (K4), a coolant liquid outlet channel (K5), an oxidant gas outlet channel (K6), a coolant liquid ii outlet channel rectangular hole (K11), a coolant liquid outlet channel ii (K12), a coolant liquid outlet channel i (K13), and a coolant liquid flow field i outlet channel rectangular hole (K14) are disposed on the coolant liquid flow field outlet end plate body of the intermediate partition plate (3).
8. A PEMFC metal bipolar plate flow field system according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the thickness of the anode unipolar plate (1), the cathode unipolar plate (2) and the intermediate separator (3) are all 0.05-0.5mm, preferably 0.08-0.12 mm.
9. The PEMFC metal bipolar plate flow field system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the anode plate fuel flow channels (S8), the cathode plate oxidant flow channels (H8) have a channel depth: 0.1-2.5mm, flow channel width: 0.5-2.5mm, ridge width: 0.5-2.5 mm.
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