CN111090683A - Engineering field knowledge graph construction method and generation device thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method and a generation device of a knowledge graph in the engineering field, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: constructing a body layer of a knowledge graph applied to the engineering field, wherein the body layer comprises a body, body attributes and body relations; establishing a standard data table and collecting structured information; realizing knowledge fusion based on a database; the entity relationship between the entities inherits the ontology relationship between the ontologies corresponding to the entities. The invention has the advantages that: the data are updated and traceable in real time through the directional linkage database of the standard data table, the speed and the accuracy of knowledge cleaning are improved through the uniqueness setting of the database, the engineering field entity is automatically extracted based on the body, and the construction efficiency and the quality of the engineering field knowledge map can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of knowledge maps, and particularly relates to a construction method and a generation device of a knowledge map in the engineering field.
Background
The knowledge graph is various entities or concepts existing in the real world and relations thereof, along with the rapid development of information technology, the data volume is increased explosively, the knowledge graph refines, extracts, associates and integrates the data, and the deep value of the big data is really mined;
the knowledge map can be divided into a general knowledge map and a domain knowledge map (also called a vertical knowledge map), wherein the general knowledge map and the domain knowledge map are based on internet open data and have certain tolerance on the quality of knowledge extraction, the domain knowledge map takes data in a domain or an enterprise as a main source, the requirement on the quality of knowledge extraction is high, the domain knowledge map mostly depends on combined extraction of structured, unstructured and semi-structured data in the enterprise, and manual auditing and checking are carried out to ensure the quality, and the engineering field has the characteristics of high risk, great harm and the like and has particularly strict requirement on knowledge accuracy;
knowledge resources are core resources of knowledge-intensive enterprises such as engineering enterprises, and the competitive advantage of an engineering enterprise is not in its fixed assets but in the human capital and intellectual capital owned by the engineering enterprise. The traditional knowledge base management in the engineering field generally adopts a document mode, the actual use efficiency is low, the knowledge scale is small, the knowledge map carries out structural processing on knowledge documents, individual knowledge points are quickly called instead of documents containing the knowledge points, massive knowledge can be better classified and indexed, meanwhile, the expandability is good, a large-scale knowledge base can be quickly constructed, and the quantitative change on the knowledge scale can bring the qualitative change of knowledge utility.
In conclusion, the traditional knowledge management in the engineering field is old and difficult to use, a threshold of knowledge accumulation is invisibly increased, the blank of an intelligent knowledge base in the engineering field needs to be filled up based on a knowledge graph technology, and meanwhile how to establish a high-quality knowledge graph in the engineering field needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a knowledge map in the engineering field and a generation device thereof according to the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a construction method of knowledge graph in engineering field is characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a body layer of a knowledge graph applied to the engineering field, wherein the body layer comprises a body, body attributes and body relations;
s2: establishing a standard data table and collecting structured information;
s3: realizing knowledge fusion based on a database;
s4: the entity relationship between the entities inherits the ontology relationship between the ontologies corresponding to the entities;
s5: storing the body, the body attribute and the body relationship as well as the entity, the entity attribute and the entity relationship into a graph database, and traversing the graph database to merge entities with the same entity name and the same entity attribute;
s6: data updates of the graph database.
Step S2 includes the following steps: establishing a standard data table, wherein the standard data table has a fixed format; extracting corresponding characters or numerical values from semi-structured data and unstructured data in office documents, texts, pictures, drawings and reports according to the fixed format of the standard data table, and filling the characters or the numerical values into the standard data table; and the standard data table is directionally stored in the database and directionally linked, and when the content of the data in the standard data table is modified, the data in the database is synchronously updated.
Step S3 includes the following steps:
the data base is preset with a non-redundant data design form, the non-redundant data design form determines the uniqueness of each data field, and the data field is formed by combining one or more fields;
before the data in the standard data table is stored in the database, uniqueness detection is carried out on each data field in the standard data table according to the non-redundant data design sheet, and then the data fields are stored in the database.
A generation device related to any one of the engineering field knowledge graph construction methods is characterized by comprising an information acquisition and update module, a data preprocessing module and an engineering field knowledge graph generation module, wherein:
the information acquisition and updating module acquires semi-structured data and unstructured data of an entity through a standard data sheet, stores the semi-structured data and the unstructured data into a database in real time, and acquires structured data through the database; when the content of the data in the standard data table is modified, the data in the database is synchronously updated;
the data preprocessing module is preset with a non-redundant data design form, the non-redundant data design form determines the uniqueness of each data field, and the data field is formed by combining one or more fields; before data in the standard data table is stored in the database, performing uniqueness detection on each data field in the standard data table according to the non-redundant data design form, and then storing the data fields in the standard data table in the database;
the entity relationship between the entities inherits the ontology relationship between the ontologies corresponding to the entities; and storing the ontology, the ontology attribute and the ontology relationship and the entity, the entity attribute and the entity relationship in a graph database, and traversing the graph database to merge entities with the same entity name and the same entity attribute.
The invention has the advantages that: the data are updated and traceable in real time through the directional linkage database of the standard data table, the speed and the accuracy of knowledge cleaning are improved through the uniqueness setting of the database, the engineering field entity is automatically extracted based on the body, and the construction efficiency and the quality of the engineering field knowledge map can be greatly improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for constructing an engineering domain knowledge graph according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a body layer for constructing the safety field of an operating tunnel structure in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of storing data in a relational database in a structured manner according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the establishment of a physical layer based on a bulk layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an engineering domain knowledge map generation apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
example (b): as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment specifically relates to a construction method of an engineering domain knowledge graph and a generation device thereof, and the construction method includes the following steps:
(S1) constructing a knowledge graph ontology layer applied to the engineering domain in combination with domain knowledge and expert experience, the ontology layer comprising ontologies, ontology attributes and ontology relationships, as shown in fig. 2, wherein a box represents an ontology, an ellipse represents an ontology attribute, and a diamond represents an ontology relationship between ontologies; the body, the body attribute and the body relation included in the body layer are checked and verified manually by experts, and the reasonability and the full coverage are guaranteed.
(S2) establishing a standard data table, wherein the standard data table has a fixed format, the fixed format is set according to the body, the body attribute and the body relation in the body layer, and corresponding entities, entity attributes and entity relations are collected and filled; specifically, according to the fixed format requirement of the standard data table, extracting corresponding characters or numerical values from semi-structured data and unstructured data in office documents, texts, pictures, drawings and reports, and filling the characters or numerical values into the standard data table; the standard data table is directionally stored in the database and linked with the database to realize data structuralization, and meanwhile, the engineering domain database is structurally analyzed to extract related data; the linkage specifically means that once the content in the standard data table is modified, the relational database can be updated in real time, modification traces are left, and data modification can be traced.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, two standard data tables are established, which are a tunnel attribute EXCEL standard data table and a monitoring engineering EXCEL standard data table, the former is used for collecting entities and entity attributes of tunnel sections and tunnel segments, the latter is used for collecting entities and entity attributes of foundation pit engineering, foundation pit branching and construction conditions, the entities and the attributes thereof are derived from semi-structured or unstructured data such as webpages, documents, design drawings and the like, technical personnel fill in the entities according to the requirements of the standard data tables, the standard data tables are stored in a fixed position of a computer and are represented in a fixed format, once data is input into an EXCEL cell, the data is synchronously updated to a database, and a log is reserved for a traceable data updating process; and moreover, based on the engineering domain database, performing structural analysis on the accessible database, and extracting data such as strata, tunnel segments and the like.
(S3) implementing knowledge fusion based on the database, where the knowledge includes the semi-structured data and unstructured data collected by the standard data sheet, and the structured data in the database;
as shown in fig. 3, a non-redundant data design form is preset in the database, the non-redundant data design form determines the uniqueness of each data field, and the data field is composed of a single or multiple fields in a combined manner; before data in a standard data table is stored in the database, uniqueness detection is carried out on each data field in the standard data table according to a non-redundant data design list, and then the data fields are stored in the database;
for example, in a section from a Shanghai rail transit No. 2 rope bridge railway station to a section from an Rainbow bridge railway station No. 2 airport building to a section from a Shanghai rail transit No. 10 rope bridge railway station to a section from the Rainbow bridge railway station No. 2 airport building, if only the name of the tunnel section is used as uniqueness detection, data can be omitted, and the name of the line number and the name of the tunnel section can be used as a uniqueness detection combined field. The MySQL database uniqueness setting of the standard data table can be added during table building, and the uniqueness setting can be found in the later period and then the supplementary setting is carried out.
(S4) the entity relationship between the entities inherits the ontology relationship between the corresponding ontologies of the entities, and establishes a high-quality knowledge map in the engineering field, wherein the ontology relationship and the entities establish a subordinate relationship, the entity relationship inherits the ontology relationship, and the ontology attribute covers the entity attribute, the ontology and the entity establish the subordinate relationship is the relationship between the ontology and the entities, the entity relationship inherits the ontology relationship, namely the relationship C exists between the ontology A and the ontology B, the relationship C also exists between the entity a of the ontology A and the entity B of the ontology B, and the ontology attribute covers the entity attribute, namely the attribute contained in the ontology includes the attribute which is more than or equal to the attribute possessed by the entities.
For example, as shown in fig. 4, corresponding entities are extracted from the relational database based on the ontology of fig. 2, and is _ a relations are established one by one, such as the shanghai rail transit No. 10 line is _ a rail transit, the national rights road-pentagonal field is _ a tunnel section, and the segment 200 ring and the segment 300 ring are the is _ a tunnel segments; the entity relationship inherits the ontology relationship, if the tunnel section is _ part _ of track traffic, the national right road-pentagonal field is _ part _ of Shanghai track traffic No. 10 line, and the tunnel segment is _ part _ of tunnel section, the segment 200 ring and the segment 300 ring are both the is _ part _ of national right road-pentagonal field; the body has attributes including attributes which are more than or equal to those of an entity, the rail transit has 2 attributes of a line number and a running direction, an entity Shanghai rail transit 10 line also has the same 2 attributes, the line number is 10, the running direction is upward, a tunnel interval has 5 attributes, the attributes are difficult to obtain due to reasons such as data confidentiality or record loss, and the body country right-pentagon field of the body has 2 attributes which are completion time 2010.4.10 and construction process soil pressure balance respectively.
(S5) storing the ontology, the ontology attributes and the ontology relationships and the entity, the entity attributes and the entity relationships in the step S4 into a graph database, and traversing the graph database to merge entities with the same entity name and the same entity attributes.
(S6) further updating of the knowledge-graph, including data updating and mining of further relationships. On one hand, foundation pit engineering is newly added near the rail transit, data is updated, and a knowledge map is also required to be correspondingly updated; on the other hand, as the professional cognition deepens or a new relation is further mined by combining machine learning algorithms such as image data mining and deep learning, the knowledge image spectrum also needs to be correspondingly updated.
The method comprises the steps of constructing a body layer applied to the engineering field by combining field knowledge and expert experience, establishing a standard data table, collecting structural information, realizing knowledge fusion based on a relational database, establishing an entity and an entity relation according to the body and the body relation, establishing a high-quality knowledge map of the engineering field, and solving the problems that the existing knowledge map management of the engineering field is not beneficial to knowledge accumulation, is difficult to effectively apply to an application program and effectively performs data reasoning.
Fig. 5 shows an apparatus for generating a knowledge graph of the engineering domain in this embodiment, which includes:
A. and the information acquisition and updating module acquires semi-structured and unstructured data of the entity through the standard data table, stores the data into the database in real time, and acquires the structured data through the engineering field database.
B. And the data preprocessing module is used for carrying out knowledge cleaning and fusion through the uniqueness setting of the data field of the database, and all the data are converted into structured data.
C. And the engineering field knowledge map generation module extracts the structural data converted by the database based on the mapping of the body layer and the entity layer and stores and generates the engineering field knowledge map in the map database.
Claims (4)
1. A construction method of knowledge graph in engineering field is characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a body layer of a knowledge graph applied to the engineering field, wherein the body layer comprises a body, body attributes and body relations;
s2: establishing a standard data table and collecting structured information;
s3: realizing knowledge fusion based on a database;
s4: the entity relationship between the entities inherits the ontology relationship between the ontologies corresponding to the entities;
s5: storing the body, the body attribute and the body relationship as well as the entity, the entity attribute and the entity relationship into a graph database, and traversing the graph database to merge entities with the same entity name and the same entity attribute;
s6: data updates of the graph database.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the steps of: establishing a standard data table, wherein the standard data table has a fixed format; extracting corresponding characters or numerical values from semi-structured data and unstructured data in office documents, texts, pictures, drawings and reports according to the fixed format of the standard data table, and filling the characters or the numerical values into the standard data table; and the standard data table is directionally stored in the database and directionally linked, and when the content of the data in the standard data table is modified, the data in the database is synchronously updated.
3. The method for constructing an engineering domain knowledge graph according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps:
the data base is preset with a non-redundant data design form, the non-redundant data design form determines the uniqueness of each data field, and the data field is formed by combining one or more fields;
before the data in the standard data table is stored in the database, uniqueness detection is carried out on each data field in the standard data table according to the non-redundant data design sheet, and then the data fields are stored in the database.
4. A generating device relating to the method for constructing an engineering domain knowledge graph according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the generating device comprises an information collecting and updating module, a data preprocessing module and an engineering domain knowledge graph generating module, wherein:
the information acquisition and updating module acquires semi-structured data and unstructured data of an entity through a standard data sheet, stores the semi-structured data and the unstructured data into a database in real time, and acquires structured data through the database; when the content of the data in the standard data table is modified, the data in the database is synchronously updated;
the data preprocessing module is preset with a non-redundant data design form, the non-redundant data design form determines the uniqueness of each data field, and the data field is formed by combining one or more fields; before data in the standard data table is stored in the database, performing uniqueness detection on each data field in the standard data table according to the non-redundant data design form, and then storing the data fields in the standard data table in the database;
the entity relationship between the entities inherits the ontology relationship between the ontologies corresponding to the entities; and storing the ontology, the ontology attribute and the ontology relationship and the entity, the entity attribute and the entity relationship in a graph database, and traversing the graph database to merge entities with the same entity name and the same entity attribute.
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| CN114691889B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2024-04-12 | 中北大学 | Construction method of fault diagnosis knowledge graph of switch machine |
| CN117252449A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 水润天府新材料有限公司 | Full-penetration drainage low-noise pavement construction process and system |
| CN117252449B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-01-30 | 水润天府新材料有限公司 | Full-penetration drainage low-noise pavement construction process and system |
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