CN111088978A - Shale expansion performance evaluation device and method - Google Patents
Shale expansion performance evaluation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111088978A CN111088978A CN201811244513.1A CN201811244513A CN111088978A CN 111088978 A CN111088978 A CN 111088978A CN 201811244513 A CN201811244513 A CN 201811244513A CN 111088978 A CN111088978 A CN 111088978A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
Abstract
The invention relates to a shale expansion performance evaluation device and method. The device comprises a cup body with an upward cup opening and a cup cover in sealing fit with the cup body, wherein the cup body comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, and an inner cavity for containing a rock core and liquid to be measured is enclosed by the side wall and the bottom wall of the cup body; a liquid level metering pipe which extends out of the outer wall surface of the side wall of the cup body and extends upwards is arranged on the side wall of the cup body, scale marks are carved on the liquid level metering pipe, the diameter of the liquid level metering pipe is smaller than that of the cup body, and the upper end surface of the liquid level metering pipe is higher than the cup opening of the cup body; the shale expansion performance evaluation device is also provided with a liquid injection port for injecting liquid to be tested into the inner cavity. The device realizes the contact and the infiltration of rock core and the liquid that awaits measuring in the cup inner chamber, and the inflation of rock core arouses the liquid level of test solution in the cup to change, and this change is read out through the liquid level measurement pipe accuracy that the diameter is little, and then is favorable to improving the experimental efficiency of shale expansion, improves the degree of accuracy of test result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of testing of shale expansion performance, and particularly relates to a shale expansion performance evaluation device and method.
Background
The drilling fluid has an important function of inhibiting the shale in the stratum from expanding when meeting water, keeping the well wall stable and preventing accidents such as hole shrinkage, collapse, drill sticking and the like of the well wall. The method has the advantages that the shale expansion performance or the expansion inhibition effect of the drilling fluid and the chemical agent can be accurately evaluated, and the method has important significance for the evaluation of the chemical agents such as the inhibitor and the like.
The conventional methods for evaluating shale expansion mainly comprise a linear expansion method, a rock debris recovery method and the like.
The linear expansion method is characterized in that a test device shown in figure 1 is utilized, a test solution is added into a core barrel 3 filled with an artificial core 4 formed by pressing bentonite, the axial displacement of the upper surface is increased due to hydration expansion of the artificial core 4, the change data of the displacement before and after the test solution is added is tested through a displacement transmission rod 1 and a displacement tester 2, and the expansion performance of shale or the expansion inhibition effect of drilling fluid and chemical agent is calculated and evaluated through core expansion displacement data.
The test procedure for the linear expansion method is as follows: adding 10.0g of bentonite into the steel core barrel 3, placing the core barrel under a press machine, and pressing the core barrel for 5min by using a steel piston under 8MPa for forming; installing the core barrel 3 and the pressed artificial core 4 on a linear shale expansion tester; placing a displacement transmission rod 1 with a chassis 5 into a core barrel 3, enabling the displacement transmission rod to be in contact with the upper surface of an artificial rock core 4, adding a test solution into the core barrel after the displacement transmission rod 1 is connected with the lower end of a displacement tester 2, and starting timing; reading the expansion displacement data of the artificial rock core (simultaneously testing the expansion data of the blank test solution and the solution to be tested) after the preset time is reached; and calculating and evaluating the expansion performance of the shale or the expansion inhibition effect of the drilling fluid and the chemical agent.
The evaluation of the shale expansion performance by the linear expansion method has the following defects: firstly, the contact area of the test solution and the rock core is small (only the contact area is contacted with the upper surface of the artificial rock core), so that the test solution cannot permeate sufficiently, even the core drying phenomenon occurs, and the absolute value of displacement caused by the insufficient contact area is small, so that the repeatability of a test result is directly influenced; secondly, because the test solution only contacts with the upper surface of the artificial rock core, the permeation of the test solution and the expansion speed of the rock core are slow, and the test efficiency is low (the test time is generally 8-24 h); thirdly, the hydrated rock core is softer and has smaller expansion force, and the self weight of the metal displacement transmission rod offsets part of the rock core expansion force, so that the displacement transmission data of the sensor is influenced; fourthly, the free flexibility of the displacement transmission rod and the sensitivity of the displacement sensor are not high, and the repeatability of the test result is obviously influenced. The above factors all cause that the testing accuracy of the expansion performance of the shale by the linear expansion method is not high, and the testing efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shale expansion performance evaluation device, so that the problem that the evaluation result accuracy of the conventional shale expansion performance evaluation device is poor is solved.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a shale expansion performance evaluation method, so that the problems of poor test precision and low test efficiency of the existing test method are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the shale expansion performance evaluation device adopts the technical scheme that:
a shale expansion performance evaluation device comprises a cup body with an upward cup opening and a cup cover in sealing fit with the cup body, wherein the cup body comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, and the side wall and the bottom wall of the cup body enclose an inner cavity for containing a rock core and liquid to be measured; a liquid level metering pipe which extends out of the outer wall surface of the side wall of the cup body and extends upwards is arranged on the side wall of the cup body, scale marks are carved on the liquid level metering pipe, the diameter of the liquid level metering pipe is smaller than that of the cup body, and the upper end surface of the liquid level metering pipe is higher than the cup opening of the cup body; the shale expansion performance evaluation device is also provided with a liquid injection port for injecting liquid to be tested into the inner cavity.
According to the shale expansion performance evaluation device provided by the invention, the contact and the permeation of the rock core and the liquid to be tested are realized in the inner cavity of the cup body, the contact surface between the rock core and the test liquid is larger than that of a linear expansion method, the permeation of the liquid (test liquid) to be tested can be promoted, the interference factors on the expansion of the rock core are less, the liquid level of the test liquid in the cup body is changed due to the expansion of the rock core, the change is accurately read through the liquid level metering tube with a small diameter, the test efficiency of a shale expansion test is further improved, and the accuracy of the test result is.
For conveniently annotate the liquid to form the intercommunication structure with the liquid level measurement pipe on the cup lateral wall, preferably, when still inserting on the bowl cover and being equipped with bowl cover and cup lid, with the interior chamber intercommunication along the notes liquid pipe that extends from top to bottom, the up end of annotating the liquid pipe is higher than the up end of bowl cover, the entry of annotating the liquid pipe forms annotate the liquid mouth. Through the setting of annotating the liquid pipe, can form the connectivity with liquid level measurement pipe, conveniently get rid of the gas in the cup totally when annotating the liquid, not only conveniently annotate the liquid, make the change of liquid level can truly reflect the inflation change of artificial rock core moreover.
In order to facilitate liquid injection, the liquid injection pipe comprises a straight barrel section and a funnel-shaped inlet section connected to the upper end of the straight barrel section, and an inlet of the funnel-shaped inlet section forms the liquid injection port.
In order to further improve the accuracy of liquid level reading, conveniently read the check-up contrast of data, make things convenient for the levelling of device simultaneously, it is preferred, still carve on the notes liquid pipe be equipped with the corresponding liquid level marking line of scale mark of liquid level metering pipe.
Preferably, the initial scale of the scale mark is higher than the upper end face of the cup body. Therefore, when liquid is added, liquid to be measured can be added to the initial scale, the fact that the cup body is filled with the liquid to be measured can be guaranteed, and liquid level change after core expansion can be read more accurately and more visually.
In order to further improve the contact degree of the artificial core and the liquid to be tested and promote the full progress of the penetration of the test solution, preferably, a core tray arranged in parallel with the bottom wall of the cup body at intervals is further arranged in the inner cavity, a plurality of through holes are carved on the core tray, and a bearing surface for bearing the core is formed on the upper end surface of the core tray.
In order to simplify the arrangement of tray, make things convenient for taking and putting of rock core, it is preferred, on the rock core tray is fixed in a lifting hook through connecting in a plurality of pull rods of rock core tray periphery, be provided with rings on the lower terminal surface of bowl cover, the lifting hook cooperates with the realization tray with rings hook parallel interval sets up.
The shale expansion performance evaluation method adopts the technical scheme that:
a shale expansion performance evaluation method comprises the following steps: and placing the rock core in a measuring cup, adding liquid to be measured into the measuring cup to immerse the rock core, measuring the liquid level change of the liquid to be measured after the specified time is reached, and calculating the volume expansion amount of the rock core according to the liquid level change data.
According to the shale expansion performance evaluation method provided by the invention, the expansion change of the rock core after the rock core is contacted with the liquid to be tested is measured by a volume expansion method, the contact surface of the liquid to be tested and the rock core is large, the penetration is fast, the testing time (less than 2h) can be shortened, and the testing efficiency is improved; in addition, compared with a linear expansion method, the method has the advantages that interference factors are small, expansion change of the core can be tested more accurately, and test precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art linear expansion test instrument;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the shale expansion performance evaluation device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method for evaluating shale expansion properties of a tested core before expansion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method for evaluating shale expansion properties of the present invention, illustrating a measured core after expansion;
in the figure, 1-displacement transmission rod, 2-displacement tester, 3-core barrel, 4-artificial core, 5-chassis, 6-cup, 7-cup cover, 8-liquid level metering tube, 80-scale mark, 9-liquid injection metering tube, 90-liquid level mark, 10-tray, 11-core to be tested, 110-core to be tested before expansion, and 111-core to be tested after expansion.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The specific embodiment of the shale expansion performance evaluation device comprises a cup body 6 with an upward cup opening and a cup cover 7 in sealing fit with the cup body 6, wherein the cup body 6 comprises a cylindrical side wall and a bottom wall, the cylindrical side wall and the bottom wall enclose an inner cavity for containing a rock core and liquid to be measured, a liquid level metering pipe 8 which extends out of the outer wall surface of the cylindrical side wall and extends upwards is arranged on the cylindrical side wall of the cup body 6, the liquid level metering pipe 8 comprises a bending section which is connected with the cylindrical side wall and communicated with the inner cavity, a liquid level metering section which is connected to the upper end of the bending section and extends upwards vertically, and a funnel-shaped opening section which is connected to the upper end of the liquid. The liquid level metering pipe 8 is carved with scale marks 80, the diameter of the liquid level metering pipe 8 is smaller than that of the cup body 6, and the upper end face of the liquid level metering pipe 8 is higher than the cup mouth of the cup body 6.
The vertical notes liquid metering tube 9 that is equipped with a running through bowl cover 7 that inserts on the bowl cover 7, annotates liquid metering tube 9 and includes the liquid level measurement section that extends along upper and lower direction and connect in the infundibulate opening section of liquid level measurement section upper end, and the entry of infundibulate opening section forms the notes liquid mouth of pouring into the liquid that awaits measuring into in cup 6.
Liquid level mark line 90 corresponding to scale mark 80 on liquid level metering pipe 8 is carved on annotating liquid metering pipe 9, and scale mark 80 is the same with the scale data of liquid level mark line 90 on the horizontal direction, and the initial scale of scale mark 80, liquid level mark line 90 is higher than the lower terminal surface of bowl cover 7 when bowl cover 7 seals lid and closes cup 6, and the termination scale of scale mark 80, liquid level mark line 90 is higher than the up end of bowl cover 7.
Shale expansibility evaluation device still is including being used for bearing the tray 10 of the rock core 11 that awaits measuring, and on tray 10 was fixed in a lifting hook through connecting a plurality of pull rods that set up in the peripheral even interval of tray 10, was provided with rings on the lower terminal surface of bowl cover 7, and the lifting hook is hung on rings in order to hang tray 10 in the inner chamber of cup 6 and realize the parallel interval setting of tray 10 and cup 6 diapire. A through hole for the liquid to be tested to freely flow through is formed in the tray 10, and a bearing surface for bearing the rock core 11 to be tested is formed on the upper end surface of the tray 10.
The shale expansion performance evaluation device of the embodiment is used as follows: placing the pressed artificial rock core in the middle of a tray 10, then hanging the tray 10 at the lower end of a cup cover 7, sealing and covering the cup cover 7 and a cup body 6, and then hanging the tray 10 in an inner cavity of the cup body 6; injecting liquid to be measured into the cup body 6 through the liquid injection metering tube 9, stopping injecting liquid when the liquid is injected to an initial scale (or a certain scale), starting timing, and recording volume change data of the liquid to be measured after specified time.
Liquid injection metering pipe 9 and liquid level metering pipe 8 are thin-diameter liquid level metering tools, can accurately reflect the liquid level change caused by the volume expansion of the rock core, and then can evaluate the influence of different liquids to be measured on the rock core expansion performance according to the liquid level change.
When the device is applied to a construction site or used in other occasions, whether the device is laid flat can be verified through whether the liquid levels of the two metering pipes are parallel and level, and further the tiny change of the liquid level volume can be reflected more accurately; can also play the carminative effect of intercommunication, because the internal diameter of two metering tubes is all little, through annotating the intercommunication each other between liquid metering tube 9, the liquid level metering tube 8, when annotating liquid through one of them, can be by another metering tube exhaust, and then make the injection of liquid more convenient.
In other embodiments of the shale expansion performance evaluation device, the liquid injection metering pipe 9 on the cup cover 7 can be omitted, and two or more liquid level metering pipes are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the cup body 6 to realize the functions of leveling, communicating and exhausting. A plurality of legs may be provided at the lower end of the tray 10 to directly support the tray 10 horizontally within the interior cavity of the cup 6.
The specific embodiment of the shale expansion performance evaluation method comprises the following steps: and placing the rock core in a measuring cup, adding liquid to be measured into the measuring cup to immerse the rock core, measuring the liquid level change of the liquid to be measured after the specified time is reached, and calculating the volume expansion amount of the rock core according to the liquid level change data.
Evaluation method of example evaluation method as shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a view showing the state of the core 110 before swelling, and its volume is V1After the liquid to be measured is added, the core expands as shown in fig. 4, and the volume of the measured core 111 after expansion becomes V2And the influence of the test liquid on the expansion performance of the rock core can be evaluated through the liquid level change before and after expansion.
The volume change data of the blank sample solution and the sample solution can be calculated according to the formulas (1) and (2).
ΔV1＝V1-V2(1)；
ΔV2＝V1′-V2′(2)；
ΔV1、ΔV2Volume change data V of blank test solution (water) and sample test solution (such as water + inhibitor) respectively1、V2Respectively measuring the volume of a blank test solution before core expansion and the volume of a blank test solution after core expansion, wherein the unit is milliliter; v1′、V2′The volume of the sample solution before core expansion and the volume of the sample solution after core expansion are respectively expressed in milliliters.
The relative inhibition rate of the inhibitor was calculated according to formula (3).
Wherein X is the relative inhibition rate,%.
The repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy of the shale expansion performance evaluation device and the evaluation method are described below with reference to test examples.
Test example 1
4 sulfonated asphalt samples are selected, and a repeatability test of the shale expansion reduction rate is carried out by using the shale expansion performance evaluation device and the evaluation method of the embodiment, and the results are shown in table 1.
Evaluation apparatus and evaluation method of examples in Table 1 repeatability test data (%)
As can be seen from the test results in table 1, the evaluation results of the examples have very poor and small maximum relative deviation values for 4 sulfonated asphalt samples, indicating that the reproducibility of the evaluation results is good.
Test example 2
4 polyacrylamide potassium salt samples are selected, the shale expansion performance evaluation device and the shale expansion performance evaluation method of the embodiment are utilized to perform repeatability tests of the shale expansion reduction rate, and the results are shown in table 2.
Evaluation apparatus and evaluation method of examples in Table 2 data of reproducibility test of Polyacrylamide Potassium salt (%)
As can be seen from the test results in table 2, the maximum relative deviation of the repeatability data of the evaluation results of the examples was 0.45% or less and 0.6% or less (the general standard requirement was not more than 1.0%) for 4 potassium polyacrylamide salt samples, indicating that the evaluation apparatuses and the evaluation methods of the examples are good in repeatability.
Test example 3
The shale expansion reduction rate reproducibility test was carried out on 4 sulfonated asphalt samples of test example 1 in 6 different laboratories using the evaluation apparatuses and evaluation methods of the examples, and the test data are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 evaluation apparatus and evaluation method of examples reproducibility test data (%)
As can be seen from the test data in table 3, the maximum relative deviation of the reproducibility data was 1.17% or less and 1.2% or less (the general standard requirement was 2.0% or less) when the test was performed using the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method of the examples, indicating that the reproducibility of the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method was good.
Test example 4
The shale expansion reduction rate reproducibility test was carried out on 4 polyacrylamide potassium salt samples of test example 2 in 6 different laboratories by using the evaluation apparatuses and the evaluation methods of the examples, and the test data are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 reproducibility test data (%)
As can be seen from the test data in table 4, the maximum relative deviation of the reproducibility data of the test using the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method of the examples was 1.04% or less and 1.2% or less (the general standard requirement was not more than 2.0%), indicating that the reproducibility of the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method was good.
Test example 5
This test example compares the test results of the different test methods with the rock debris recovery method.
The test principle of the rock debris recovery method is as follows: crushing a natural stratum core obtained in a drilling site to obtain rock debris with a certain particle size, adding a certain amount of the rock debris into a test solution, putting the test solution into a closed aging tank, simulating the temperature and the flow state under the site drilling working condition in a rolling oven, and performing a rolling test. During the rolling process, part of components of the rock debris can be separated from the rock debris body under the actions of hydration expansion, dispersion, liquid flow flushing and the like to become fine particles which enter the test solution. After a certain time, the test solution is taken out, washed and filtered by a standard test sieve, and the rock debris is recovered. And evaluating the expansion performance of the rock core or the expansion inhibition effect of the inhibitor by calculating the data of the mass loss change of the rock debris before and after the test.
The rock debris recovery method is characterized in that a test is carried out by taking rock debris made from a real natural stratum core as a base material, and although the method cannot be popularized as a standard method due to the reasons that the natural core is not easy to obtain and the like, the test result is closest to the field reality and can represent the real expansion performance or the expansion inhibition effect of a sample to be tested.
In the test example, 7 drilling fluid chemical agents are selected as test samples, and the volume expansion method, the linear expansion method and the viscosity method adopted by the invention are compared with the rock debris recovery method to test data, and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 comparative test data (%)
| Sample name | Rock debris recovery method | Linear expansion method | Viscosity method | The method of the invention |
| Sulfonated asphalt | 68.5 | 37.6 | 82.7 | 68.1 |
| Shale inhibitor XX-023 | 19.4 | 37.1 | 86.0 | 20.6 |
| Polyacrylamide Potassium salt | 80.7 | 52.8 | -19.2 | 78.4 |
| Polymeric alcohols | 11.5 | 8.7 | -9.6 | 11.0 |
| Cationic asphalt powder | 12.0 | 39.8 | 86.8 | 10.9 |
| Potassium chloride | 39.7 | -15.7 | 65.6 | 38.5 |
| Polyamines | 28.6 | -4.9 | 12.4 | 27.2 |
| Maximum deviation from rock debris recovery method | - | 55.4 | 99.9 | 2.3 |
As can be seen from the results in table 5, the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method according to the present invention are most consistent with the rock debris recovery method (the maximum deviation is only 2.3%) compared with the test data of the linear expansion method and the viscosity method, which indicates that the accuracy of the evaluation results of the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method according to the present invention is good.
Claims (8)
1. The shale expansion performance evaluation device is characterized by comprising a cup body with an upward cup opening and a cup cover in sealing fit with the cup body, wherein the cup body comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, and the side wall and the bottom wall of the cup body enclose an inner cavity for containing a rock core and liquid to be tested; a liquid level metering pipe which extends out of the outer wall surface of the side wall of the cup body and extends upwards is arranged on the side wall of the cup body, scale marks are carved on the liquid level metering pipe, the diameter of the liquid level metering pipe is smaller than that of the cup body, and the upper end surface of the liquid level metering pipe is higher than the cup opening of the cup body; the shale expansion performance evaluation device is also provided with a liquid injection port for injecting liquid to be tested into the inner cavity.
2. The shale expansion performance evaluation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the cup cover is inserted on the cup body, a liquid injection pipe which is communicated with the inner cavity and extends along the up-down direction is inserted on the cup cover, the upper end surface of the liquid injection pipe is higher than the upper end surface of the cup cover, and the inlet of the liquid injection pipe forms the liquid injection port.
3. The shale expansion performance evaluation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the liquid injection pipe comprises a straight section and a funnel-shaped inlet section connected to an upper end of the straight section, an inlet of the funnel-shaped inlet section forming the liquid injection port.
4. A shale expansion performance evaluation apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the liquid injection pipe is further engraved with a liquid level marking line corresponding to the graduation line of the liquid level measuring pipe.
5. The shale expansion performance evaluation apparatus of claim 1, wherein an initial scale of the scale mark is higher than an upper end face of the cup body.
6. The shale expansion performance evaluation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a core tray arranged parallel to the bottom wall of the cup body at intervals is further arranged in the inner cavity, a plurality of through holes are carved on the core tray, and a bearing surface for bearing a core is formed on the upper end surface of the core tray.
7. The shale expansion performance evaluation device of claim 6, wherein the core tray is fixed on a lifting hook through a plurality of pull rods connected to the periphery of the core tray, a lifting ring is arranged on the lower end face of the cup cover, and the lifting hook is in hooking fit with the lifting ring to realize the parallel and spaced arrangement of the tray and the bottom wall of the cup body.
8. The shale expansion performance evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and placing the rock core in a measuring cup, adding liquid to be measured into the measuring cup to immerse the rock core, measuring the liquid level change of the liquid to be measured after the specified time is reached, and calculating the volume expansion amount of the rock core according to the liquid level change data.
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| CN205910076U (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2017-01-25 | 长江大学 | High temperature high pressure mud shale inflation tester |
| CN207280894U (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-04-27 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of test unsaturated soil disintegration, the experimental rig of humidifying |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201191211Y (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-02-04 | 施晓红 | Oil gas well cementing cement past volume changing amount measurement apparatus |
| US20120158310A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Method of determining reservoir pressure |
| CN203772852U (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-08-13 | 山东科技大学 | Rock free swelling ratio and water absorption determining device for laboratories |
| CN104675396A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Evaluation device for hydration characteristics of hard brittle mud shale |
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