CN111087931A - Preparation device and preparation method of composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing - Google Patents
Preparation device and preparation method of composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111087931A CN111087931A CN201911410243.1A CN201911410243A CN111087931A CN 111087931 A CN111087931 A CN 111087931A CN 201911410243 A CN201911410243 A CN 201911410243A CN 111087931 A CN111087931 A CN 111087931A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a device and a method for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing. The abrasive particles are changed from a free state to a fixed state, so that the effective action of the abrasive particles on a workpiece is ensured, the influence of the interaction among the particles is reduced, the utilization rate of the abrasive particles can be improved, and the uniformity of the polishing effect is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a preparation device and a preparation method of composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing.
Background
The electrorheological fluid and the magnetorheological fluid belong to intelligent materials, generate rheological effect under the action of an external field, the viscosity and the yield stress of the electrorheological fluid can be rapidly increased, the electrorheological fluid and the magnetorheological fluid show solid-like mechanical properties, and the rheological process of the materials has reversibility and controllability. The polishing processing of hard and brittle materials by utilizing the rheological properties of electrorheological fluid, magnetorheological fluid and electromagnetic rheological fluid is one of the hot spots of the research of advanced processing technology, when the polishing processing is carried out by utilizing the synergistic effect of the electromagnetic rheological fluid, one or more solid-phase particles with the effect of the electromagnetic rheological fluid are arranged according to a certain rule under the action of an external field, then the mixed abrasive particles are captured and restrained among the solid-phase particles distributed in a chain shape to form a flexible micro-grinding head, and the flexible micro-grinding head carries out micro-cutting on the surface of a contacted workpiece, thereby finishing the polishing of the surface of the workpiece.
The electro-rheological fluid is used as a polishing medium, the electro-rheological polishing effect is directly influenced by the quality of the electro-rheological fluid, and the following methods are generally adopted for preparing the electro-rheological fluid solid-phase particles: (1) two kinds of dispersed particles are used for respectively generating an electrorheological effect and a magnetorheological effect, for example, carbonyl iron powder and ferric oxide are used as solid phase particles, and transformer oil is used as a dispersed phase; (2) composite particles are prepared using composite techniques, such as coating magnetic particles with one or more layers of a high dielectric constant material; (3) using a dispersion of particles, e.g. Fe, which can produce both an electrorheological effect and a magnetorheological effect3O4And (3) granules. However, such electromagnetic rheological fluids have a number of problems: (1) under the condition that two kinds of dispersed particles are used for respectively generating an electrorheological effect and a magnetorheological effect, because particles with different performances are separated under the action of different fields, the forces borne by the particles subjected to the action of an electric field and the particles subjected to the action of a magnetic field are different, so that the two kinds of particles cannot uniformly clamp abrasive particles, cannot effectively capture and restrain abrasive particles, have low utilization rate of the abrasive, and cannot ensure the processing uniformity; (2) the abrasive particles are additionally added, and because the abrasive is clamped by the composite particles, the difference in the quality of the abrasive or large particles caused by agglomeration can sink below, the abrasive and the composite particles which are finer above really act on the workpiece, and the structure of the composite particles above is damaged, so that the workpiece is damaged, and the workpiece is further processed by the abrasive and the composite particles which are finer aboveAffecting the material removal effect of the workpiece; (3) in the case of using dispersed particles that can produce both an electrorheological effect and a magnetorheological effect, the wear of the particles is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a preparation device and a preparation method of composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing, which improve the utilization rate of an abrasive, reduce the difficulty in matching a magnetic field and an electric field, and improve the surface quality and the material removal rate of a workpiece.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides an electromagnetic rheological polishes and uses composite particle's preparation facilities, including electrostatic spinning subassembly, crushing unit and be used for the screening to obtain charged particle, composite particle and uncharged particle's screening subassembly, the electrostatic spinning subassembly includes magnetic particle supply subassembly, polymer supply subassembly and spinning and obtains the spinning subassembly of taking magnetic composite nanofiber, contains abrasive particle in the polymer, just the polymer wraps up in the magnetic particle periphery, spinning subassembly and magnetic particle supply subassembly, polymer supply subassembly intercommunication, crushing unit includes electromagnet briquetting, a driving motor and locates the mill under the electromagnet briquetting, the electromagnet briquetting is connected with a driving motor, and the composite nanofiber who takes magnetism can draw and grind between electromagnet briquetting and the mill and smash.
The preparation device of the composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing adopts an electrostatic spinning technology, takes the mixture of the polymer and the abrasive particles as a shell, takes the magnetic particles as a core, changes the abrasive particles from a free state to a fixed state, and ensures the effective wrapping of the composite particles: the influence of interaction among particles is reduced, the utilization rate of abrasive particles is improved, and the uniformity of a polishing effect is ensured; the magnetic particles do not act with the surface of the workpiece, so that the possibility of abrasion of the magnetic particles is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; the composite particles have the electrorheological effect and the magnetorheological effect at the same time, and the difficulty in matching and adjusting an electric field and a magnetic field in the polishing process can be reduced.
Further, the spinning assembly comprises an inner barrel, an outer barrel and sealing covers connected to the tops of the inner barrel and the outer barrel in a sealing mode, a first cavity is formed in the inner barrel, the outer barrel is coaxially arranged on the periphery of the inner barrel, a second cavity is formed between the inner barrel and the outer barrel, the magnetic particle supply assembly is communicated with the first cavity, the polymer supply assembly is communicated with the second cavity, the first cavity and the second cavity are communicated with a mixing cavity, the mixing cavity is communicated with a nozzle, and an electrode assembly is arranged below the nozzle. The second chamber is communicated with the mixing chamber through a through hole formed in the bottom of the outer barrel, and the liquid separating pipe is communicated with the mixing chamber through the through hole, so that the mixture of the polymer and the abrasive particles is used as a shell, the magnetic particles are used as an inner core, and the composite particles can be effectively wrapped.
Further, a multi-component liquid pipe is connected between the first cavity and the mixing cavity, and the second cavity is also communicated with a gas supply assembly. Before preparing the composite particles, the gas supply assembly is adopted for ventilation, so that the nozzle is prevented from being blocked, and the smooth flowing of the mixed liquid and the smooth spinning are ensured.
Furthermore, the mixing cavity is arranged on a fixed disc, the fixed disc is fixed at the bottom of the outer cylinder, and a first grounding wire is connected between the outer cylinder and the fixed disc; the electrode assembly comprises a first voltage supply unit and a first electrode plate which are electrically connected, and the first electrode plate is arranged right below the nozzle. The mixed liquid in the mixing cavity overcomes the surface tension under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field generated by the first electrode plate, is sprayed out from the plurality of nozzles, and is rapidly solidified into filaments in the air to obtain the magnetic composite nano-fiber.
Further, crushing unit still includes the base, install the lifter between first driving motor and the base, be connected with the supporting seat between mill and the base, multiunit mill hole has been seted up to the mill, the mill below is equipped with grinding unit. The magnetic composite nanofiber is attracted to the lower portion of the electromagnet pressing block by a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet pressing block, the lifting piece is started to press the electromagnet pressing block downwards to the grinding disc, the first driving motor is started, and the magnetic composite nanofiber is chopped into nanofiber fragments between the grinding disc and the electromagnet pressing block.
Further, grinding assembly includes second driving motor and carousel, second driving motor passes through the swinging boom and installs in the supporting seat, the carousel is connected with second driving motor, the splendid attire has the grinding ball in the carousel. And further refining the nanofiber fragments in a rotary table by ball milling to obtain nanofiber particles.
Further, the screening subassembly includes screening dish, funnel and screening case, the screening hole has been seted up to screening dish bottom, the funnel is connected in screening dish below, funnel and screening case intercommunication, the screening incasement is equipped with the first screening subassembly that distinguishes charged particle and uncharged particle and is arranged in the second screening subassembly that screens charged particle and uncharged particle.
Furthermore, the first screening assembly comprises a first screening plate, an impurity collecting box, a second voltage supply unit and a second electrode plate, the first screening plate inclines towards the impurity collecting box, the tail end of the first screening plate is arranged above the impurity collecting box, the second voltage supply unit is electrically connected with the electrode plate, the electrode plate is arranged at the side of the top end of the first screening plate, and the electrode plate is arranged outside the screening box. The nanofiber particles firstly pass through the first screening plate, charged particles and uncharged particles are screened out under the action of an electrostatic field generated by the second electrode plate, the uncharged particles fall into the impurity collecting box, and the charged particles fall into the second screening plate.
Further, the second screening subassembly includes second screening board, first collecting box, second collecting box and magnet, first collecting box is located and is close to plate electrode one side, the second screening board is located one side of first screening board and the slope of second screening board to first screening board direction, the top of second collecting box is located to the end of second screening board, magnet inlays and locates inside the first screening board. And screening out magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles under the action of the magnet, wherein the magnetic particles fall into the second collecting box, and the non-magnetic particles fall into the first collecting box.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing, which comprises the following steps:
s10, opening the gas supply assembly, and ventilating the liquid distribution pipe and the nozzle to ensure that the liquid distribution pipe and the nozzle are not blocked;
s20, adding a first mixed solution obtained by mixing a dispersing agent and a base solution with magnetic particles into a magnetic particle supply assembly, and adding a second mixed solution obtained by mixing an abrasive with a polymer into a polymer supply assembly;
s30, adjusting the distance between the first electrode plate and the nozzle, starting the first voltage supply unit to provide voltage, and electrifying the electromagnet pressing block;
s40, the first mixed liquor in the first cavity is separated into liquid separating pipes through liquid separating pipes and is converged with the second mixed liquor in the second cavity in a mixing cavity, the converged solution overcomes surface tension under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field generated by a first voltage supply unit and is sprayed out from a plurality of nozzles, and the converged solution is rapidly solidified into filaments in the air to obtain the magnetic composite nanofibers;
s50, attracting the composite nano fibers with magnetism in the step S40 to the lower part of the electromagnet pressing block by a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet pressing block, and starting a lifting piece to press the electromagnet pressing block downwards to the grinding disc; starting a first driving motor, and cutting the magnetic composite nanofiber into nanofiber fragments;
s60, the nanofiber fragments fall into a turntable in the step S50, and are refined under the collision and extrusion action of grinding balls to obtain nanofiber particles;
s70, the nano-fiber particles and the grinding balls are poured into a screening disc in the step S60, and the nano-fiber particles fall into a funnel through a screening hole and then enter a screening box;
s80, the nanofiber particles firstly pass through the first screening plate, charged particles and uncharged particles are screened out under the action of an electrostatic field generated by the second electrode plate, the uncharged particles fall into the impurity collecting box, the charged particles fall into the second screening plate, magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles are screened out under the action of a magnet, the magnetic particles fall into the second collecting box, and the non-magnetic particles fall into the first collecting box.
The preparation method of the composite particle for electromagnetic rheological polishing of the invention obtains the composite particle with the mixture of the polymer and the abrasive particles as the shell and the magnetic particles as the core: the composite particles have the electrorheological effect and the magnetorheological effect at the same time, so that the difficulty in matching and adjusting an electric field and a magnetic field in the polishing process can be reduced; the influence of interaction among particles is reduced, the utilization rate of abrasive particles is improved, and the uniformity of a polishing effect is ensured; the magnetic particles do not act with the surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing the possibility of abrasion of the magnetic particles and prolonging the service life.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a coaxial electrostatic spinning technology, takes the mixture of polymer and abrasive particles as a shell, and takes magnetic particles as an inner core, thereby ensuring the effective coating of composite particles; the abrasive particles are changed from a free state to a fixed state, so that the effective action of the abrasive particles on a workpiece is ensured, meanwhile, the influence of interaction among the particles is reduced, the utilization rate of the abrasive particles is improved, and the uniformity of the polishing effect is ensured; the magnetic particles are used as the inner cores to be wrapped and do not act with the surface of a workpiece, so that the possibility of abrasion of the magnetic particles is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; the composite particles have the electrorheological effect and the magnetorheological effect at the same time, and the difficulty in matching and adjusting an electric field and a magnetic field in the polishing process is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram I of an electrospinning assembly and a pulverizing assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view II of the electrospinning assembly and the pulverization assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view I of the constitution of a pulverizing unit of an apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view II of the constitution of a pulverizing unit of an apparatus for producing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a sieving module of an apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a composite particle having a core-shell structure;
in the drawings: 1-a magnetic particle supply assembly; 11-a magnetic particle supplier; 12-a first hose; 13-a first flow control valve; 2-a polymer supply assembly; 21-a polymer supplier; 22-a second hose; 23-a second flow control valve; 3-spinning the assembly; 31-inner cylinder; 32-an outer barrel; 33-a sealing cover; 34-a first cavity; 35-a second cavity; 36-a nozzle; 37-a liquid separating tube; 38-fixed disk; 4-a crushing component; 41-electromagnet pressing block; 42-a first drive motor; 43-grinding disc; 44-a base; 45-a lifting member; 46-a support base; 47-abrasive disc holes; 5-a screening component; 51-screening disk; 52-a funnel; 53-screening box; 54-a first screening plate; 55-impurity collecting box; 56-second voltage supply unit; 57-a second electrode plate; 58-second screening plate; 59-a first collection tank; 510-a second collection tank; 511-magnet; 6-an electrode assembly; 61-a first ground line; 62-a first voltage supply unit; 63-a first electrode plate; 7-a gas supply assembly; 71-a gas supply; 72-a third hose; 73-a third flow control valve; 8-a grinding assembly; 81-a second drive motor; 82-a turntable; 83-rotating arm; 84-grinding balls; 85-grinding the inner cylinder; 9-composite particles; 91-magnetic particles; 92-a polymer; 93-abrasive particles.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, an embodiment of an apparatus for preparing composite particles 9 for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to the present invention includes an electrospinning module, a pulverizing module 4, and a sieving module 5 for sieving charged particles, composite particles 9, and uncharged particles, wherein the electrospinning module includes a magnetic particle 91 supplying module 1, a polymer 92 supplying module 2, and a spinning module 3 for spinning magnetic composite nanofibers, the polymer 92 contains abrasive particles 93, the polymer 92 is wrapped on the periphery of the magnetic particles 91, the spinning component 3 is communicated with the magnetic particle 91 supply component 1 and the polymer 92 supply component 2, the crushing component 4 comprises an electromagnet pressing block 41, a first driving motor 42 and a grinding disc 43 arranged right below the electromagnet pressing block 41, the electromagnet pressing block 41 is connected with the first driving motor 42, and the magnetic composite nano fibers can be pulled between the electromagnet pressing block 41 and the grinding disc 43 to be ground and crushed.
In the implementation of the present embodiment, the magnetic particles 91 are supplied from the magnetic particle 91 supply module 1, the polymer 92 containing the abrasive particles 93 is supplied from the polymer 92 supply module 2, and the polymer 92 is wrapped around the magnetic particles 91 and spun to obtain the magnetic composite nanofibers; the magnetic composite nanofibers are adsorbed to the lower portion of the electromagnet pressing block 41 under the effect of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet pressing block 41, the electromagnet pressing block 41 and the grinding disc 43 rotate relatively to grind and crush the magnetic composite nanofibers, then the ground composite nanofibers are poured into the screening component 5 to be screened, and charged particles, composite particles 9 and uncharged particles are obtained, wherein the composite particles 9 are charged particles in the charged particles and have an electrorheological effect and a magnetorheological effect.
In the present embodiment, the magnetic particle 91 supplying assembly 1 is used for supplying the magnetic particles 91, and in order to ensure the smoothness of the supply of the magnetic particles 91, the magnetic particles 91 are not directly supplied in the present embodiment, but the magnetic particles 91 are mixed with the dispersing agent and the base liquid to obtain the first mixed liquid for supply. Specifically, the magnetic particles 91 are one or a combination of more of carbonyl iron powder, pure iron powder, reduced iron powder, cobalt, nickel magnetic particles and alloy magnetic particles, the base liquid is one or a combination of more of silicone oil, mineral oil, synthetic oil, glycol and water which have weaker electrical conductivity and good dielectric property, and the dispersing agent is one or a combination of more of starch, silica, zeolite and a polymer material with weak electrical conductivity which have good dielectric property; the polymer 92 supply assembly 2 is used for supplying a polymer 92 containing abrasive particles 93, which is referred to as a second mixed solution, the abrasive particles 93 in this embodiment are one or a combination of diamond, silicon carbide, alumina, silica and ceria, and the polymer 92 is one or a combination of polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane and poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the spinning assembly 3 includes an inner cylinder 31, an outer cylinder 32 and a sealing cover 33 hermetically connected to the tops of the inner cylinder 31 and the outer cylinder 32, the inner cylinder 31 is provided with a first cavity 34, the outer cylinder 32 is coaxially disposed on the periphery of the inner cylinder 31, a second cavity 35 is disposed between the inner cylinder 31 and the outer cylinder 32, the magnetic particle 91 supply assembly 1 is communicated with the first cavity 34, the polymer 92 supply assembly 2 is communicated with the second cavity 35, both the first cavity 34 and the second cavity 35 are communicated with a mixing cavity, the mixing cavity is communicated with a nozzle 36, the mixing cavity can also be disposed inside the nozzle 36, and an electrode assembly 6 is disposed below the nozzle. Wherein a multi-component liquid pipe 37 is connected between the first cavity 34 and the mixing cavity, and the second cavity 35 is also communicated with the gas supply assembly 7; the mixing chamber is arranged on the fixed disc 38, the fixed disc 38 is fixed at the bottom of the outer cylinder 32, a first grounding wire 61 is connected between the outer cylinder 32 and the fixed disc 38, and the first grounding wire 61 is in contact with the mixed liquid; the electrode assembly 6 includes a first voltage supply unit 62 and a first electrode plate 63 electrically connected, and the first electrode plate 63 is disposed directly below the nozzle 36.
Specifically, the magnetic particle 91 supply assembly 1 includes a magnetic particle 91 supplier 11, a first hose 12 and a first flow control valve 13, the magnetic particle 91 supplier 11 is connected to the first hose 12, the first flow control valve 13 is mounted on the first hose 12, the first hose 12 extends into the first cavity 34 through the sealing cover 33, and the first flow control valve 13 can regulate the flow of the magnetic particles 91; the polymer 92 supply assembly 2 comprises a polymer 92 supply 21, a second hose 22 and a second flow control valve 23, wherein the polymer 92 supply 21 is connected with the second hose 22, and the second hose 22 extends into the second cavity 35 through the sealing cover 33; the gas supply assembly 7 comprises a gas supply device 71, a third hose 72 and a third flow control valve 73, wherein the gas supply device 71 is connected with the third hose 72, and the third hose 72 extends into the second cavity 35 through the sealing cover 33; a plurality of first trompils have been seted up to the bottom of inner tube 31, a plurality of second trompils have been seted up to the bottom of urceolus 32, the diameter of first trompil is less than the diameter of second trompil, divide liquid pipe 37 coaxial arrangement in first trompil and the bottom of dividing liquid pipe 37 to stretch into in the second trompil, first mixed liquid gets into the hybrid chamber by dividing liquid pipe 37, the second mixed liquid gets into the hybrid chamber by the second trompil and first mixed liquid and second mixed liquid mix at the hybrid chamber and obtain mixed liquid, mixed liquid overcomes surface tension under the effect of the high-pressure electrostatic field that first plate electrode 63 produced and is sprayed out by a plurality of nozzles 36, and solidify into filiform compound nanofiber that gets to take magnetism rapidly in the air. Before the electrostatic spinning is started, the gas supply assembly 7 is adopted for ventilation, air or inert gas can be introduced according to application requirements, the nozzle 36 is prevented from being blocked, and the smooth flowing of mixed liquid and the smooth spinning are ensured.
The magnetic composite nanofiber obtained in the embodiment has a core-shell structure, and as a coaxial electrospinning technology is adopted, a core solution is a mixture of magnetic particles 91, a dispersing agent and a base solution, a shell solution is a mixture of a polymer 92 and abrasive particles 93, and the core solution and the shell solution are converged above a nozzle 36 and then cured into the composite nanofiber under the action of an electric field force.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the pulverizing assembly 4 further includes a base 44, a lifting member 45 is installed between the first driving motor 42 and the base 44, a supporting seat 46 is connected between the grinding disc 43 and the base 44, a plurality of groups of grinding disc holes 47 are formed in the grinding disc 43, and the grinding assembly 8 is disposed below the grinding disc 43. In this embodiment, the grinding assembly 8 includes a second driving motor 81 and a rotating disc 82, the second driving motor 81 is installed on the supporting base 46 through a rotating arm 83, the rotating disc 82 is connected with the second driving motor 81, and a grinding ball 84 is contained in the rotating disc 82. In implementation, the magnetic composite nanofibers are attracted to the lower part of the electromagnet pressing block 41 by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet pressing block 41, the lifting piece 45 is started to press the electromagnet pressing block 41 to the grinding disc 43, the first driving motor 42 is started, and the magnetic composite nanofibers are chopped into nanofiber fragments between the grinding disc 43 and the electromagnet pressing block 41; the nanofiber fragments are further refined in a rotating disc 82 through ball milling to obtain nanofiber particles.
Specifically, the base 44 is in a shape of a ']', the upper part of the base is provided with a lifting piece 45, the lifting piece 45 can adopt a commercially available lifting device such as a lifting cylinder, etc., the first driving motor 42 is arranged on the lifting piece 45, and the electromagnet pressing block 41 is arranged on the first driving motor 42; the grinding disc 43 is arranged on a supporting seat 46, the supporting seat 46 is arranged at the bottom of the base 44, and the supporting seat 46 is H-shaped; the supporting seat 46 of the embodiment can be provided with a clamping block, and the grinding disc 43 can be provided with a bayonet which is clamped with the clamping block, so that the grinding disc 43 and the supporting seat 46 are prevented from moving relatively during grinding; a rotating arm 83 is rotatably connected below the supporting seat 46, a second driving motor 81 is a ball milling motor and is installed on the rotating arm 83, and the ball milling motor is fixedly connected with the turntable 82; in order to facilitate easy and convenient taking of the nano-fiber particles and the grinding balls 84, in the embodiment, a grinding inner cylinder 85 is coaxially disposed in the turntable 82, the grinding balls 84 are contained in the grinding inner cylinder 85, and the size of each grinding ball 84 is different.
In the embodiment, when the crushing operation is performed, the electromagnet pressing block 41 is powered on firstly, so that the electromagnet pressing block 41 is provided with magnetism, the composite nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning device are attracted to the lower part of the electromagnet pressing block 41, and after the electrostatic spinning device finishes working, the composite nano-fibers below the electromagnet pressing block 41 are compressed onto the grinding disc 43 by the lifting piece 45, and the compression can be repeated for several times until the nano-composite fibers are completely compacted; then the power supply of the electromagnet pressing block 41 is turned off, the first driving motor 42 is started, and under a certain pressure, due to the relative movement of the electromagnet pressing block 41 and the lower grinding disc 43, the compacted nano composite fiber will be cut into small pieces, and the cut nano fiber will enter the grinding inner cylinder 85 through the hole below the grinding disc 43. After the cutting is finished, the first driving motor 42 is closed, the lifting piece 45 is started to lift the first driving motor 42 by a certain height, then the second driving motor 81 is started, the second driving motor 81 drives the turntable 82 to rotate, the turntable 82 drives the coaxially placed grinding inner cylinder 85 to rotate, the grinding balls 84 with different sizes in the grinding inner cylinder 85 move along, the cut nanofibers are further refined under the collision and extrusion action of the grinding balls 84, after the refining is finished, the second driving motor 81 is closed, the grinding inner cylinder 85 is taken out, and then the nanofiber particles in the grinding inner cylinder 85 and the grinding balls 84 are poured into the screening component 5 together.
As shown in fig. 5, the screening assembly 5 includes a screening tray 51, a funnel 52 and a screening box 53, a screening hole is opened at the bottom of the screening tray 51, the funnel 52 is connected below the screening tray 51, the funnel 52 is communicated with the screening box 53, a first screening assembly 5 for distinguishing charged particles from uncharged particles and a second screening assembly 5 for screening charged particles and non-charged particles are arranged in the screening box 53, and the screening box 53 is grounded through a second ground wire. The first screening assembly 5 comprises a first screening plate 54, an impurity collecting box 55, a second voltage supply unit 56 and a second electrode plate 57, wherein the first screening plate 54 inclines towards the impurity collecting box 55, the tail end of the first screening plate 54 is arranged above the impurity collecting box 55, the second voltage supply unit 56 is electrically connected with the electrode plate, the electrode plate is arranged on the side of the initial end of the first screening plate 54, and the electrode plate is arranged outside the screening box 53; the second screening assembly 5 comprises a second screening plate 58, a first collecting box 59, a second collecting box 510 and a magnet 511, the first collecting box 59 is arranged on one side close to the electrode plate, the second screening plate 58 is arranged on one side of the first screening plate 54, the second screening plate 58 is arranged below the first screening plate 54, the second screening plate 58 is inclined towards the first screening plate 54, the tail end of the second screening plate 58 is arranged above the second collecting box 510, and the magnet 511 is embedded in the first screening plate 54.
To accurately illustrate the positional relationship of the first screen assembly 5 and the second screen assembly 5 in this embodiment, the present embodiment is described in terms of a specific orientation, but not as a restrictive provision. The second electrode plate 57 is placed on the left side of the outer side of the screening box 53, the inner side of the screening box 53 is divided into three spaces for placing the first collecting box 59, the second collecting box 510 and the impurity collecting box 55 respectively, and the first screening plate 54 is high on the left side and low on the right side to form a certain gradient; second screening plate 58 is positioned to the lower left of first screening plate 54 with a space between first screening plate 54 and second screening plate 58. To facilitate the screening of the nanofiber particles, the left end of the first screening plate 54 of the present embodiment is provided with a projection upward.
The refined nano-fiber particles and the grinding balls 84 are poured into the screening disc 51, the screening disc 51 is shaken for a moment, the particles with small particles pass through the lower hopper 52 along the screening holes at the bottom of the screening disc 51 of the grinding balls 84, the grinding balls 84 are left in the screening disc 51, the lower hopper 52 is used for receiving the nano-fiber particles above and entering the screening box 53, the nano-fiber particles entering the screening box 53 firstly pass through the first screening plate 54, under the action of the left electric field, the charged particles will move toward the direction close to the second electrode plate 57, the uncharged particles will roll into the impurity collecting box 55 along the first screening plate 54, and then the particles close to the electrode plate will fall onto the second screening plate 58, and a powerful magnet 511 is arranged on the right side of the second screening plate 58, the magnetic particles move towards the magnet 511, the non-magnetic particles fall into the first collecting box 59, the magnetic particles fall into the second collecting box 510, and the finally obtained composite particles 9 are the composite particles 9 meeting the requirements.
As shown in fig. 6, the composite particles 9 have a core-shell structure, the inner core is a magnetic particle 91, and the polymer 92 and the abrasive particle 93 are coated on the surface of the magnetic particle 91; in the electrorheological fluid polishing process, the composite particles 9 generate magnetic field force by the internal magnetic particles 91, the polymer 92 generates electric field force, the abrasive particles 93 carry out micro-cutting on the surface of a workpiece, and in the micro-cutting process, the abraded polymer 92 falls off to expose new abrasive particles 93, so that the abrasive is updated and self-sharpened; therefore, the composite particles 9 of the embodiment can complete the composition of three different performance and functional particles under the action of the electromagnetic field, and the difficulty of matching the electric field and the magnetic field is greatly reduced.
Example two
The embodiment is an embodiment in which the apparatus for preparing composite particles 9 for electromagnetic rheological polishing is applied to a method for preparing composite particles 9 for electromagnetic rheological polishing, and includes the following steps:
s10, opening the gas supply assembly 7, ventilating the interior of the liquid distribution pipe 37 and the nozzle 36, and ensuring that the liquid distribution pipe 37 and the nozzle 36 are not blocked;
s20, adding a first mixed solution obtained by mixing a dispersing agent and a base solution with the magnetic particles 91 into a magnetic particle 91 supply assembly 1, and adding a second mixed solution obtained by mixing the abrasive with the polymer 92 into a polymer 92 supply assembly 2;
s30, adjusting the distance between the first electrode plate 63 and the nozzle 36, starting the first voltage supply unit 62 to provide voltage, and simultaneously electrifying the electromagnet pressing block 41, wherein the first voltage supply unit 62 provides high voltage of 1000V-10000V in the embodiment;
s40, separating the first mixed liquor in the first cavity 34 into the liquid separating pipes 37 through the liquid separating pipes 37, merging the first mixed liquor with the second mixed liquor in the second cavity 35 in a mixing cavity, overcoming surface tension under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field generated by a first voltage supply unit 62, spraying the merged solution out from a plurality of nozzles 36, and quickly solidifying the merged solution into filaments in the air to obtain magnetic composite nanofibers;
s50, attracting the composite nano fibers with magnetism in the step S40 to the lower part of the electromagnet pressing block 41 by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet pressing block 41, and starting the lifting piece 45 to press the electromagnet pressing block 41 down to the grinding disc 43; starting the first driving motor 42, and cutting the magnetic composite nanofiber into nanofiber fragments;
s60, in the step S50, the nanofiber fragments fall into a turntable 82, and are refined under the collision and extrusion action of grinding balls 84 to obtain nanofiber particles;
s70, in the step S60, the nano-fiber particles and the grinding balls 84 are poured into a screening disc 51 together, and the nano-fiber particles fall into a funnel 52 through screening holes and then enter a screening box 53;
s80, the nanofiber particles firstly pass through the first screening plate 54, charged particles and uncharged particles are screened out under the action of an electrostatic field generated by the second electrode plate 57, the uncharged particles fall into the impurity collecting box 55, the charged particles fall into the second screening plate 58, magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles are screened out under the action of the magnet 511, the magnetic particles fall into the second collecting box 510, and the non-magnetic particles fall into the first collecting box 59.
The magnetic particles 91 are one or a combination of more of carbonyl iron powder, pure iron powder, reduced iron powder, cobalt, nickel magnetic particles and alloy magnetic particles, the base liquid is one or a combination of more of silicone oil, mineral oil, synthetic oil, glycol and water which have weaker conductivity and good dielectric property, and the dispersing agent is one or a combination of more of starch, silica, zeolite and a polymer material with weak conductivity which have good dielectric property; abrasive particles 93 are a combination of one or more of diamond, silicon carbide, alumina, silica, ceria, and polymer 92 is a combination of one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, and poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide).
The magnetic particles obtained through the steps are the composite particles 9, the composite particles 9 have a core-shell structure, the inner core is the magnetic particles 91, and the polymer 92 and the abrasive particles 93 are wrapped on the surfaces of the magnetic particles 91; in the electrorheological fluid polishing process, the composite particles 9 generate magnetic field force by the internal magnetic particles 91, the polymer 92 generates electric field force, the abrasive particles 93 perform micro-cutting on the surface of a workpiece, and in the micro-cutting process, the abraded polymer 92 falls off to expose new abrasive particles 93, so that the abrasive is renewed and self-sharpening.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation device of the composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing is characterized by comprising an electrostatic spinning assembly, a crushing assembly (4) and a screening assembly (5) for screening charged particles, composite particles (9) and uncharged particles, wherein the electrostatic spinning assembly comprises a magnetic particle supply assembly (1), a polymer supply assembly (2) and a spinning assembly (3) for spinning to obtain magnetic composite nano fibers, the polymer contains abrasive particles and is wrapped on the periphery of the magnetic particles, the spinning assembly (3) is communicated with the magnetic particle supply assembly (1) and the polymer supply assembly (2), the crushing assembly (4) comprises an electromagnet pressing block (41), a first driving motor (42) and a grinding disc (43) arranged right below the electromagnet pressing block (41), and the electromagnet pressing block (41) is connected with the first driving motor (42), the magnetic composite nano-fiber can be drawn between the electromagnet pressing block (41) and the grinding disc (43) to be ground and crushed.
2. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 1, wherein the spinning assembly (3) comprises an inner cylinder (31), an outer cylinder (32) and a sealing cover (33) hermetically connected to the top of the inner cylinder (31) and the top of the outer cylinder (32), the inner cylinder (31) is provided with a first cavity (34), the outer cylinder (32) is coaxially arranged at the periphery of the inner cylinder (31), a second cavity (35) is arranged between the inner cylinder (31) and the outer cylinder (32), the magnetic particle supply assembly (1) is communicated with the first cavity (34), the polymer supply assembly (2) is communicated with the second cavity (35), the first cavity (34) and the second cavity (35) are both communicated with a mixing cavity, the mixing cavity is communicated with a nozzle (36), and an electrode assembly (6) is arranged below the nozzle (36).
3. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 2, wherein a multi-component liquid pipe (37) is connected between the first chamber (34) and the mixing chamber, and the second chamber (35) is further communicated with a gas supply assembly (7).
4. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 2, wherein the mixing chamber is provided in a fixed plate (38), the fixed plate (38) is fixed to the bottom of an outer cylinder (32), and a first ground line (61) is connected between the outer cylinder (32) and the fixed plate (38); the electrode assembly (6) comprises a first voltage supply unit (62) and a first electrode plate (63) which are electrically connected, and the first electrode plate (63) is arranged right below the nozzle (36).
5. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pulverization assembly (4) further comprises a base (44), a lifting member (45) is installed between the first driving motor (42) and the base (44), a support seat (46) is connected between the grinding disc (43) and the base (44), a plurality of groups of grinding disc holes (47) are formed in the grinding disc (43), and a grinding assembly (8) is arranged below the grinding disc (43).
6. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 5, wherein the polishing assembly (8) comprises a second driving motor (81) and a rotating disc (82), the second driving motor (81) is mounted on the supporting base (46) through a rotating arm (83), the rotating disc (82) is connected with the second driving motor (81), and the rotating disc (82) contains a polishing ball (84).
7. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 6, wherein the screening module (5) comprises a screening disk (51), a funnel (52) and a screening box (53), the bottom of the screening disk (51) is provided with screening holes, the funnel (52) is connected below the screening disk (51), the funnel (52) is communicated with the screening box (53), and a first screening module (5) for distinguishing charged particles from uncharged particles and a second screening module (5) for screening charged particles from non-charged particles are arranged in the screening box (53).
8. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 7, wherein the first sieving assembly (5) comprises a first sieving plate (54), an impurity collecting box (55), a second voltage supply unit (56), and a second electrode plate (57), the first sieving plate (54) is inclined toward the impurity collecting box (55) and an end of the first sieving plate (54) is disposed above the impurity collecting box (55), the second voltage supply unit (56) is electrically connected to the electrode plates and the electrode plates are disposed beside a start end of the first sieving plate (54), and the electrode plates are disposed outside the sieving box (53).
9. The apparatus for preparing composite particles for electromagnetic rheological polishing according to claim 8, wherein the second screening module (5) comprises a second screening plate (58), a first collecting box (59), a second collecting box (510), and a magnet (511), the first collecting box (59) is disposed on a side close to the electrode plate, the second screening plate (58) is disposed on a side of the first screening plate (54) and the second screening plate (58) is inclined toward the first screening plate (54), a tip of the second screening plate (58) is disposed above the second collecting box (510), and the magnet (511) is embedded in the first screening plate (54).
10. A method for preparing composite particles (9) for electromagnetic rheological polishing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, opening the gas supply assembly (7), ventilating the interior of the liquid distribution pipe (37) and the nozzle (36) and ensuring that the liquid distribution pipe (37) and the nozzle (36) are not blocked;
s20, adding a first mixed solution obtained by mixing a dispersing agent and a base solution with magnetic particles into a magnetic particle supply assembly (1), and adding a second mixed solution obtained by mixing an abrasive with a polymer into a polymer supply assembly (2);
s30, adjusting the distance between the first electrode plate (63) and the nozzle (36), starting a first voltage supply unit (62) to provide voltage, and electrifying the electromagnet pressing block (41) at the same time;
s40, separating the first mixed liquor in the first cavity (34) into the liquid separating pipes (37) through the liquid separating pipes (37), merging the first mixed liquor with the second mixed liquor in the second cavity (35) in the mixing cavity, overcoming surface tension under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field generated by a first voltage supply unit (62), spraying the merged solution out from a plurality of nozzles (36), and quickly solidifying the merged solution into filaments in the air to obtain the magnetic composite nanofibers;
s50, in the step S40, the magnetic composite nano fibers are attracted to the lower part of the electromagnet pressing block (41) by a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet pressing block (41), and the lifting piece (45) is started to press the electromagnet pressing block (41) down to the grinding disc (43); starting a first driving motor (42), and cutting the magnetic composite nanofiber into nanofiber fragments;
s60, the nanofiber fragments fall into a rotary table (82) in the step S50, and are refined under the collision and extrusion action of grinding balls (84) to obtain nanofiber particles;
s70, in the step S60, the nano-fiber particles and the grinding balls (84) are poured into a screening disc (51), and the nano-fiber particles fall into a funnel (52) through screening holes and then enter a screening box (53);
s80, the nanofiber particles firstly pass through a first screening plate (54), charged particles and uncharged particles are screened out under the action of an electrostatic field generated by a second electrode plate (57), the uncharged particles fall into an impurity collecting box (55), the charged particles fall into a second screening plate (58), magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles are screened out under the action of a magnet (511), the magnetic particles fall into a second collecting box (510), and the non-magnetic particles fall into a first collecting box (59).
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