CN111087670B - 一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111087670B
CN111087670B CN201911298333.6A CN201911298333A CN111087670B CN 111087670 B CN111087670 B CN 111087670B CN 201911298333 A CN201911298333 A CN 201911298333A CN 111087670 B CN111087670 B CN 111087670B
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贾利川
廖常君
王国利
任俊文
赵莉华
傅明利
王婷婷
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法，复合材料原料包含如下质量百分比的组分：低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)9％‑90％，氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)10％，超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)0％‑81％。其制备工艺如下：(1)BNNS‑LDPE/UHMWPE混合物的制备；(2)压制成型。本发明利用具有高热导率的BNNS做导热填料，LDPE作为基体，通过添加UHMWPE粒子使BNNS‑LDPE连续相选择性分布于UHMWPE的界面，实现在低BNNS含量下构建高效三维导热网络，获得了具有高热导率的复合材料。该高导热聚乙烯复合材料制备过程简单，生产成本低，易在工业上实现规模化生产。

Description

一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物导热复合材料制备领域，特别涉及氮化硼纳米片(以下简称BNNS)-低密度聚乙烯(以下简称LDPE)/超高分子量聚乙烯(以下简称UHMWPE)高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济的快速增长和电力需求的日益扩大，电力设备输电容量越来越大，这对输送电设备的绝缘导热性能要求越来越高。但是多数电力设备的绝缘材料导热性能不好，长期运行过程中，热量的不断累积会导致设备性能下降，寿命缩短，甚至导致事故的发生。因此，研制高导热绝缘材料对提高电力系统长期运行安全稳定性具有重要作用。
近年来，研究发现通过在聚合物基体中添加高导热无机粒子(如氮化硼、氮化硅、氧化铝等)可实现高导热复合材料的制备。但常规导热复合材料中导热粒子随机分布于聚合物基体，因此往往需要较高的填料含量(体积含量>30％)才能形成相互连通的导热网络，但高含量导热填料带来成本增加、力学性能下降和加工性能劣化等问题。因此，如何实现低导热粒子含量下构建高效导热通路成为导热复合材料研究的重点和难点。
本发明涉及的高导热聚乙烯复合材料采用BNNS为导热粒子、LDPE为基体、UHMWPE为体积排除相，通过调控加工外场实现BNNS-LDPE连续相在UHMWPE界面选择性分布，获得高导热复合材料，生产过程中无需使用高能设备进行分散，工艺简单容易操作，生产成本低，可在工程上实现规模化生产。
发明内容
鉴于电力输送设备存在绝缘材料导热性能差的问题，本发明旨在探寻一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明通过以下手段实现。
一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法，复合材料主要原料质量百分比构成如下：
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE) 9％-90％
氮化硼纳米片(BNNS) 10％
超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE) 0％-81％
包括以下步骤：
(1)BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物的制备：首先将LDPE加入到旋转流变仪中熔融，随后加入BNNS和UHMWPE继续混合10min，得到BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物，混合温度、速率和时间分别为180℃、100r/min和10min；
(2)压制成型：将步骤(1)中的BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物在200℃预热10min，然后在100MPa下热压10min，最后冷却至室温，得到片状目标产品。
本发明具有以下优点：
本发明通过熔融混合和热压成型技术即可实现BNNS-LDPE相在UHMWPE界面选择性分布，显著提高了导热填料BNNS的有效浓度。该制备过程简单，易操作并且制作成本低，故本专利容易在工程上进行规模化生产。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的和方案优点更加明白清晰，结合以下实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。但是值得说明的是以下实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明。本发明实施例提供一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料及其制备方法，复合材料主要原料质量百分比构成如下：
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE) 9％-90％
氮化硼纳米片(BNNS) 10％
超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE) 0％-81％
其中BNNS为粉末状，密度为2.11g/cm3。
实施例1
主要原料质量百分比按如下：LDPE 9％；BNNS 10％；UHMWPE 81％。
操作步骤采用：
(1)BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物的制备：首先将LDPE加入到旋转流变仪中熔融，随后加入BNNS和UHMWPE继续混合10min，得到BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物，混合温度、速率和时间分别为180℃、100r/min和10min；
(2)压制成型：将步骤(1)中的BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物在200℃预热10min，然后在100MPa下热压10min，最后冷却至室温，得到片状目标产品。
实施例2
其它同实施例1，原料配比为LDPE 36％；BNNS 10％；UHMWPE 54％；
实施例3
其它同实施例1，原料配比为LDPE 90％；BNNS 10％；UHMWPE 0％。
对上述实施例1至3所指的高导热交联聚乙烯复合材料进行导热性能测试，测试结果如表1所示：
表1.复合材料热导率
Figure BDA0002321196390000041
从上面的数据结果可知，相比于BNNS/LDPE复合材料，BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE复合材料具有更高的导热性能，且随着UHMWPE含量增加而增加。如BNNS/LDPE复合材料在BNNS质量含量为10％时热导率仅为0.38W/mK，而BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE复合材料在LDPE:UHMWPE质量之比为4:6和1:9时，热导率分别高达0.69和0.75W/mK。这主要是因为UHMWPE的体积排除作用，有效提高了BNNS的有效浓度，有助于构建更加完善的三维导热网络。
使用本发明所述方法制备的LDPE-BNNS/UHMWPE复合材料不仅具有高导热性能，并且生产成本低、操作简单，容易实施，易于在工业上实现大量生产。
附图说明
图1为制备流程图。

Claims (2)

1.一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法，其主要原料包含如下质量百分比的组分：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE 9%、氮化硼纳米片BNNS 10%、超高分子量聚乙烯UHMWPE 81%；
或者为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE 36%、氮化硼纳米片BNNS 10%、超高分子量聚乙烯UHMWPE 54%；
制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物的制备：首先将LDPE加入到旋转流变仪中熔融，随后加入BNNS和UHMWPE继续混合10min，得到BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物，混合温度、速率和时间分别为180℃、100r/min和10min；
（2）压制成型：将步骤（1）中的BNNS-LDPE/UHMWPE混合物在200℃预热10min，然后在100MPa下热压10min，最后冷却至室温，得到片状目标产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，通过在LDPE基体中引入UHMWPE粒子，使BNNS-LDPE相选择性分布于UHMWPE界面，形成三维立体导热网络结构，从而实现高导热复合材料的制备。
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