CN1110869C - High capacity storage batterya nd its charging method - Google Patents
High capacity storage batterya nd its charging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1110869C CN1110869C CN98122026A CN98122026A CN1110869C CN 1110869 C CN1110869 C CN 1110869C CN 98122026 A CN98122026 A CN 98122026A CN 98122026 A CN98122026 A CN 98122026A CN 1110869 C CN1110869 C CN 1110869C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a high capacity storage battery and a charging method thereof. The high capacity storage battery is thinner than a pole plate and a partition plate (film) of the existing storage battery, the capacity of the high capacity storage battery is increased by more than 70% when the number of a pole plate and a partition plate (film) is increased by one time under the condition of identical volume and weight. The mass energy of the high capacity storage battery can reach up to greater than 45 Wh/kg for a lead-acid storage battery, and is greater than 45 Wh/kg for a cadmium-nickel storage battery and a cadmium-hydrogen storage battery. The high capacity storage battery does not generate heat in a charging process, and particularly has no phenomena of electrolyte boiling and bubbling of a lead-acid storage battery.
Description
The invention relates to rechargeable battery and its charging method, particularly high-capacity battery and its charging method.
Rechargeable battery is extensive use of on various machines and electric equipment owing to have the nonexpondable advantage of circulation.Lead acid accumulator is existing more than hundred year so far the most ancient historical a kind of storage battery, because it has advantages such as simple in structure, easy to use, dependable performance, the raw material source is abundant, production technology is uncomplicated, price is lower, still is widely used in fields such as industrial or agricultural, national defence, communications and transportation, communication.Especially it can heavy-current discharge, is a kind of power source of nuisanceless discharging, is subject to people's attention just day by day.But lead acid accumulator also is the storage battery of stupid amount.Its specific energy is low, through the effort of many decades, though obtained certain progress, before proposing to the present invention, important breakthrough is not arranged also.Up to the present, the specific energy of lead acid accumulator is no more than 40Wh/kg, generally only about 15-25Wh/kg.Use the electric automobile of such specific energy lead acid accumulator generally to travel and promptly need charge about hundred kilometers, once refuel with the automobile of present use gasoline and can walk that to compare gap bigger for the 300-400 kilometer, so greatly hindered the development of electric automobile.From Theoretical Calculation, the specific energy of lead acid accumulator can reach 184Wh/kg, is much higher than the level that is reached at present.About the about at present 50Wh/kg of the specific energy of cadmium-nickel storage cell and nickel-hydrogen accumulator, though be higher than lead acid accumulator, it is a lot of that its price also is higher than lead acid accumulator, if be used for the power of automobile, then uneconomical economically.Therefore the capacity that how to improve storage battery has become the hot issue of countries in the world common concerns; It also is the emphasis tackling key problem top order of various countries scientific and technological circle.For the capacitance that improves storage battery, the weight that reduces it, the utilance that its approach is to reduce the weight of parts such as battery case, lid, grid, intercell connector and improves active material as far as possible as far as possible.It wherein is the measure of tool potentiality with attenuate slab lattice thickness, the quantity that increases pole plate.Calculate by theoretical, the thickness of grid reduces half, and under the condition of equal volume, the quantity of pole plate can nearly double, and its capacitance can double, and then specific energy also can nearly double.But actual conditions are far from it at present, though quantity of polar plate is doubled, and capacitance is much smaller than the perfect condition that doubles.Adopt the pole plate of 4 millimeters and 2 millimeters thickness to compare as the lead acid accumulator to equal volume, the latter's pole plate number is the former 2 times, and the surface area of pole plate also doubles.After using existing various charging methods that they are charged, 10 hour rate capacity are respectively 113Ah and 148Ah.That is to say, the electrode thickness attenuate half, use existing charging method after, the capacity of its 10 hours discharge rates has only increases by 30%.The situation of NI-G and nickel-hydrogen accumulator is also like this substantially.So up to the present, storage battery can't as a kind of in economy and practicality all competitive nuisanceless power source, special in particularly like this in the use of automobile and various haulage vehicles.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-capacity battery and its charging method, can make the specific energy of storage battery improve more than 50%.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of high-capacity battery, it comprises shell, cover plate, battery lead plate, dividing plate/film and electrolyte, it is characterized in that: the battery lead plate of the every 2V monomer of lead acid accumulator is no less than 17, and the quantity of dividing plate/film is no less than 16, and specific energy is greater than 45Wh/kg; The positive plate thickness of cadmium nickel and nickel-hydrogen accumulator is not more than 0.53mm, and negative plate thickness is not more than 0.29mm, and specific energy is greater than 80Wh/kg.
A kind of charging method of high-capacity battery comprises the combined pulse charge cycle and stops charge cycle, it is characterized in that: be followed successively by forward heavy current pulse, the pulse of negative sense trickle and negative sense heavy current pulse in per 2 π corners in described assembled pulse cycle; Between negative sense heavy current pulse and next forward heavy current pulse, there is one instantaneously to stop filling at interval; The combined pulse charge cycle is 12 with the duty ratio that stops charge cycle: 1-18: 1.
The charging method of described high-capacity battery is characterized in that: the crest voltage of above-mentioned forward heavy current pulse is not more than 3 times that are filled accumulator voltage.
The charging method of described high-capacity battery is characterized in that: describedly stop can to have in the charge cycle forward that is not more than 150 milliamperes and negative sense alternating-current pulse charging trickle.
The present invention takes the method for while attenuate pole plate and dividing plate (film) thickness, storage battery just can be under the condition of equal volume and weight, increase the quantity of pole plate as far as possible, thereby enlarged the area that active material contacts with electrolyte on the pole plate, utilizing crest voltage to be not more than the forward heavy current pulse 1 (seeing accompanying drawing) that 3 times of quilts fill accumulator voltage more effectively charges to storage battery, the resistive polarization reaction that the negative sense trickle pulse 2 that utilizes electric current to be not more than 150 milliamperes produces when overcoming charge in batteries, reduction is because of the temperature that large current charge produced, and suppresses increasing progressively of the internal resistance of cell.Overcome pole plate polarization reaction and the sulfuration that forward heavy current pulse 1 is produced by negative sense heavy current pulse 3 (crest voltage is the 45-90% of forward heavy current pulse 1) again, make electrolyte obtain active balance, for further forward heavy current pulse 1 charging lays the foundation.Stop charge cycle, can eliminate the concentration polarization reaction that storage battery causes because of charging effectively.Like this, by the combined pulse charge cycle and stop charge cycle with 12: 1～18: 1 duty ratio alternately to charge in batteries, finish until charging.Different with existing storage battery is that the present invention not only makes the active material of polar board surface, equally also makes the active material of pole plate depths participate in electrochemical reaction, so greatly increased the energy-storage function of storage battery, the transfer ratio of electric energy reaches more than 95%.Use the present invention, when the quantity of polar plate of storage battery doubled, the specific energy of lead acid accumulator increased more than 70%; The specific energy of cadmium nickel and nickel-hydrogen accumulator nearly doubles.If quantity of polar plate surpasses one times, then the value that its specific energy increased will be above above-mentioned numerical value.In addition, the present invention also has tangible characteristics to be: storage battery can not generate heat in the process of charging, does not almost have temperature rise, particularly lead acid accumulator not to have common electrolyte boiling and bubbling phenomenon yet and produces.So the present invention is both effusions of pollution-free gas in charging process, simplified the battery maintenance work in the charging process again greatly.In addition, storage battery temperature rise in the process of heavy-current discharge is minimum.The frequency of pulse current is 25 hertz-32 KHz, and general charging pulse is good with the frequency that adopts AC power frequency, promptly 50 hertz (or 60 hertz).
Accompanying drawing is a charge waveforms schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment 1. existing 6V/5Ah (3 groups of 2V) lead acid accumulator has 18 of positive plates, and 15 of negative plates, thickness are 1.6 millimeters, and weight is 1.16kg, and its specific energy is 28.5Wh/kg.With the present invention it is reequiped, making electrode thickness is 0.8 millimeter, with the also corresponding attenuate of dividing plate (film) thickness half.33 positive plates and 30 negative plates are installed in the shell of primary cell like this.With charging method of the present invention it is charged then.The combined pulse charge cycle is 12 seconds, and stopping charge cycle is 1 second, and duty ratio is 12: 1.In cycle, as the time that occupies with the corner indicating impulse, then assembled pulse is followed successively by in each 2 π corner: forward heavy current pulse 1, negative sense trickle pulse 2 and negative sense heavy current pulse 3 at each combined pulse charge.Forward heavy current pulse 1 is no more than the π corner, and negative sense heavy current pulse 3 is π/4-π/5 corners, and all the other are that the pulse 2 of negative sense trickle is occupied.The crest voltage of forward heavy current pulse 1 is 10V, electric current 1A.Negative sense trickle pulse 2 is no more than 150 milliamperes.The crest voltage of negative sense heavy current pulse 3 is-8V.The instantaneous existence at interval that stops filling can be arranged between forward heavy current pulse 1 and negative sense heavy current pulse 3; At this moment, forward heavy current pulse 1 occupied corner will reduce to some extent.Adopt 50 hertz charging pulse frequency, each forward heavy current pulse 1 occupied 1/100 second-1/125 second; Negative sense trickle pulse 2 occupied 3/400 second-4/500 second; Negative sense heavy current pulse 3 occupied 1/400 second-1/500 second; Instantaneous stop filling at interval occupy about 1/400 second.The forward and the negative sense alternating-current pulse charging trickle that are not more than 150 milliamperes can be arranged in stopping charge cycle.By the above-mentioned combined pulse charge cycle with stop charge cycle and hocket, about 10 hours, charging finished, and became the storage battery of a 6V/9Ah like this, and its specific energy is 47.4Wh/kg.Storage battery than the 6V/5Ah of original equal volume and weight increases capacity 80%.Change 0.6 millimeter into as the electrode thickness with above-mentioned storage battery, then positive plate is 45, and negative plate is 42, promptly above one times.With above-mentioned same charge parameter charging back (charging interval will prolong), the capacity of its 10 hour rate is 12.6Ah again, and specific energy is 65.2Wh/kg, has increased by 128% than the storage battery of the 6V/5A of original equal volume and weight.
Embodiment 2. existing 6V/5Ah lead acid storage batteries have 18 of positive plates, and 15 of negative plates, thickness are 1.6 millimeters, and weight is 1.16kg, and its specific energy is 28.5Wh/kg.Using the present invention that it is reequiped, is 0.8 millimeter with the electrode thickness attenuate, with the also corresponding attenuate of dividing plate (film) thickness half.33 positive plates and 30 negative plates are installed in the shell of primary cell like this.With charging method of the present invention it is charged then.The combined pulse charge cycle is 18 seconds, and stopping charge cycle is 1 second, and duty ratio is 18: 1.In cycle, as the time that occupies with the corner indicating impulse, then assembled pulse is followed successively by in each 2 π corner: forward heavy current pulse 1, negative sense trickle pulse 2 and negative sense heavy current pulse 3 at each combined pulse charge.Forward heavy current pulse 1 is no more than the π corner, and negative sense heavy current pulse 3 is π/4-π/5 corners, and all the other are that the pulse 2 of negative sense trickle is occupied.The crest voltage of forward heavy current pulse 1 is 18V, electric current 1.5A.Negative sense trickle pulse 2 is no more than 150 milliamperes.The crest voltage of negative sense heavy current pulse 3 is-8V.The instantaneous existence at interval that stops filling can be arranged between forward heavy current pulse 1 and negative sense heavy current pulse 3; At this moment, forward heavy current pulse 1 occupied corner will reduce to some extent.When the charging pulse frequency was 50 hertz, each forward heavy current pulse 1 occupied 1/100 second-1/125 second; Negative sense trickle pulse 2 occupied 3/400 second-4/500 second; Negative sense heavy current pulse 3 occupied 1/400 second-1/500 second; Instantaneous stop filling at interval occupy about 1/400 second.The forward and the negative sense alternating-current pulse charging trickle that are not more than 150 milliamperes can be arranged in stopping charge cycle.By the above-mentioned combined pulse charge cycle with stop charge cycle and hocket, about 6 hours, charging finished, and became the storage battery of a 6V/9Ah like this, and its specific energy is 47.4Wh/kg.Gn is at the whole storage battery increase capacity 80% that fills than the 6V/5Ah of original equal volume and weight.But the charging interval then shortens with the rising of the voltage and current of forward heavy current pulse.
Embodiment 3. existing 1.2V/1100mAh nickel cadmium cells, heavy 27.2g, positive plate thickness 1.05mm, negative plate thickness 0.58mm, its specific energy are 48.5Wh/kg.Use the present invention that it is reequiped, with all corresponding attenuate of pole plate with membrane thicknesses half.Pole plate of installing in the shell of primary cell and barrier film quantity all double like this, and weight is not handed over.With above-mentioned charging method charging of the present invention, can obtain the nickel cadmium cell of 1.2V/2200mAh then, its specific energy is 97Wh/kg, than doubling before the repacking.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of high-capacity battery, it comprises shell, cover plate, battery lead plate, dividing plate/film and electrolyte, it is characterized in that: the battery lead plate of the every 2V monomer of lead acid accumulator is no less than 17, and the quantity of dividing plate/film is no less than 16, and specific energy is greater than 45Wh/kg; The positive plate thickness of cadmium nickel and nickel-hydrogen accumulator is not more than 0.53mm, and negative plate thickness is not more than 0.29mm, and specific energy is greater than 80Wh/kg.
2, a kind of charging method of high-capacity battery, comprise the combined pulse charge cycle and stop charge cycle: it is characterized in that in per 2 π corners in described assembled pulse cycle, being followed successively by forward heavy current pulse, the pulse of negative sense trickle and negative sense heavy current pulse, between negative sense heavy current pulse and next forward heavy current pulse, have instantaneous stopping to fill at interval; The combined pulse charge cycle is 12 with the duty ratio that stops charge cycle: 1-18: 1.
3, the charging method of high-capacity battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the crest voltage of above-mentioned forward heavy current pulse is not more than 3 times that are filled accumulator voltage.
4, the charging method of high-capacity battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned stopping can to have forward and the negative sense alternating-current pulse charging trickle that is not more than 150 milliamperes in the charge cycle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98122026A CN1110869C (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | High capacity storage batterya nd its charging method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98122026A CN1110869C (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | High capacity storage batterya nd its charging method |
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| CN1228623A CN1228623A (en) | 1999-09-15 |
| CN1110869C true CN1110869C (en) | 2003-06-04 |
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| CN98122026A Expired - Fee Related CN1110869C (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | High capacity storage batterya nd its charging method |
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| TW201236309A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-09-01 | Richard Landry Gray | Device and method for an intermittent load |
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| CN1228623A (en) | 1999-09-15 |
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