CN111086235A - Preparation method of low-porosity winding-formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-porosity winding-formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111086235A CN111086235A CN201911376850.0A CN201911376850A CN111086235A CN 111086235 A CN111086235 A CN 111086235A CN 201911376850 A CN201911376850 A CN 201911376850A CN 111086235 A CN111086235 A CN 111086235A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-porosity winding-formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, which comprises the steps of fully dipping carbon fiber bundles in glue solution with the viscosity of 250-500 mPa & s; then winding the carbon fiber bundle after gum dipping on a transmission shaft; placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum rotary oven, and starting magnetic rotation; first vacuuming at T1‑30～T1Drying at-60 ℃ for 30-45 min, and then drying at T1Drying under the condition until the glue solution is solidified, and then heating to T1+10～T1Drying at 20 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the low-porosity wound and molded carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, wherein T is1The curing temperature of the glue solution is represented, and the aim of reducing the porosity of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft is finally achieved. The method is simple, high in production efficiency and low in cost, and can be used for controlling the product quality in the mass production of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the production field of carbon fiber composite automobile parts, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft.
Background
Carbon fiber Composite (CFRP) is a typical representative of new materials, is one of the most important contents of new material industry, and plays an irreplaceable important role in the fields of important science and technology specialties, automobiles, rail transit, air transportation, light weight of marine transportation tools, new energy development, marine development and the like.
The automobile lightweight CFRP is expected to become a carbon fiber application field for promoting the development of the carbon fiber industry in China. Carbon fiber production enterprises are initially established in China and are in the seedling stage of CFRP, so that the application field of cultivating domestic carbon fibers is the urgent priority of the CFRP industry. The CFRP is one of effective ways for lightening the automobile, has huge potential use amount, and is an important market which can really promote the industrial development of the carbon fiber. About 2500 million cars are produced in 2018, if the average car weight is 1.5 tons, five per thousand of metal is replaced, 19 million tons of carbon fiber are needed, and the method is a huge market and plays an important role in promoting the carbon fiber in China as a strategic emerging industry.
The carbon fiber transmission shaft is the first CFRP part applied to mass production of vehicle models in large scale, 180 thousands of parts are produced in the whole world, and the manufacturing technology is not mastered in China. The carbon fiber composite transmission shaft mainly has the following advantages:
1) the weight of the propeller shaft is significantly reduced. The transmission shaft is a typical unsprung part, and the weight of the transmission shaft is reduced by 1 kilogram and is 10-13 kilograms compared with that of a vehicle body. The weight of the automobile is reduced by 10 percent, the oil consumption is reduced by 6 to 8 percent, the carbon emission is reduced by 5 to 6 percent, the braking distance is reduced by 5 percent, the acceleration time is shortened by 8 percent, and the steering force is reduced by 6 percent. According to the characteristics of CFRP, the two-section or three-section metal transmission shaft can be optimized into one section, and the weight is reduced by more than 50%.
2) Excellent fatigue resistance. When fatigue cracks occur on the metal structure transmission shaft, the cracks can expand rapidly to generate brittle fracture. When the fiber fracture occurs in the composite material due to fatigue, the load can be shared by other fibers, and the fracture cannot be rapidly expanded. The test result shows that the fatigue resistance of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft is 4-5 times higher than that of a metal transmission shaft on the premise that other properties meet the requirements.
3) High torsion strength and critical speed, better safety and comfort. The CFRP has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high specific modulus, strong designability and the like, and when the CFRP is applied to a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft can have higher torsional strength and critical rotating speed by optimizing the layering, so that the safety and the comfort of an automobile are improved.
4) The damping resistance is good. All drive shafts will have some degree of twist after the torque is applied and the resistive elastic twist is represented by the elastic twist rate. The carbon fiber vibration is damped 2-10 times faster than metal. The unique vibration damping characteristics of carbon fibers also facilitate power output when sudden starts and accelerations cause rapid vibrations that translate to bounce and vibrations of the other end wheel when damped.
5) Greatly improving the safety. In addition to performance advantages, carbon fiber propeller shafts provide additional safety guarantees. Despite safety hardware like collars and shaft covers, the damaged metal drive shaft still becomes a flail large head stick hitting anything in its trajectory, destroying the car completely and entering the car, causing serious injury to the driver. And the fracture of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft presents loose fiber shape, so that a driver is not hurt and the chassis is not torn.
6) The carbon fiber composite transmission shaft also has the advantages of long service life, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, maintenance-free property and the like.
In view of the advantages of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft is also imperative to be applied to the market, the quality control of the transmission shaft becomes the technical key, wherein the porosity of the composite material is an important performance index influencing the performance stability of the transmission shaft, and therefore, how to reduce the porosity of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft becomes a difficult problem to overcome in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a carbon fiber composite transmission shaft integrally formed by a winding process, which is simple and efficient and achieves the purpose of reducing the porosity of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a low-porosity winding-formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) fully dipping the carbon fiber bundle in glue solution with the viscosity of 250-500 mPa & s;
(2) winding the carbon fiber bundle after gum dipping on a transmission shaft;
(3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum rotary oven, and starting magnetic rotation; first vacuuming at T1-30～T1Drying at-60 ℃ for 30-45 min, and then drying at T1Drying under the condition until the glue solution is solidified, and then heating to T1+10～T1Drying at 20 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the low-porosity wound and formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, wherein T is1Representing the curing temperature of the glue.
T1-30～T1The temperature of minus 60 ℃ belongs to a glue solution flowing temperature range, the glue solution viscosity is lowest at the temperature, air bubbles are removed from the glue solution after drying for 30-45 min, and T1The curing temperature at which the gel is cured depends on the type of the gel, T1+10～T1And the temperature of +20 ℃ belongs to a post-curing area, and the glue solution is further cured at the temperature to finally obtain the low-porosity carbon fiber composite transmission shaft integrally formed by the winding process.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the glue solution is epoxy resin.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the step (1) is specifically as follows: and placing the glue solution into a glue groove, controlling the temperature of the glue groove to control the viscosity of the glue solution to be 250-500 mPa & s, so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed into the glue solution from one end of the glue groove and slowly moves out of the glue groove towards the other end of the glue groove, and the carbon fiber bundle is ensured to be completely infiltrated. According to the invention, the viscosity of the resin in the step is controlled to be 250-500 mPa & s, so that the complete infiltration of the carbon fiber can be ensured, and the occurrence of pores caused by poor infiltration is avoided.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the temperature of the glue tank is 25-70 ℃.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (2), when the carbon fiber bundle winds the transmission shaft, the winding angle of the outermost layer is 90 degrees.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (2), the winding tension of each bundle of carbon fiber bundle is controlled to be 10-60N during winding; the layering principle of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft is as follows: the small-angle layer is arranged on the inner layer, and the large-angle layer is arranged on the outer layer.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the metal die is subjected to surface treatment by acetone and a demolding agent before the carbon fiber composite material is wound.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the winding speed of the carbon fiber bundle is 36 m/min.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (3), T1Is 100 to 140 ℃.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step (3), T is1The drying time is 60-240 min under the condition.
According to the preparation method of the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, the porosity is controlled in the whole process, the viscosity of the glue solution is controlled to be 250-500 mPa & s, the carbon fiber bundle can be ensured to be completely infiltrated, and the pores caused by poor infiltration are avoided; the curing environment of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft is rotation curing, so that a hole gap caused by glue shortage of a product due to dripping inside a CFRP shaft tube is prevented; the invention carries out vacuum curing at the resin flowing temperature, which is beneficial to the removal of bubbles from the glue solution, thereby reducing pores.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method of the low-porosity winding-formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft enables the metal and the CFRP to be integrally formed in a winding mode, and connection is not needed to be completed through gluing or riveting.
(2) The method for controlling the porosity of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft (CFRP) by integrally forming the winding process is simple, economic and easy to implement, high in production efficiency and capable of being used for controlling the product quality in the mass production of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, and the porosity of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft is controlled in the whole process.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further illustrated by combining specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
Raw materials: toray T70012K carbon fiber; huayu HY277 epoxy resin;
layering of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft: [ +/-25 DEG C]4/[90°]2；
The size of the transmission shaft is as follows: the length of the shaft tube is 1258 mm; the inner diameter is 70mm, and the outer diameter is not limited.
(1) Firstly, carrying out surface treatment on a metal mandrel with the outer diameter of 70mm by using acetone and a release agent, then fixing a metal transmission connecting flange on the metal mandrel, and then fixing the metal mandrel on a winding machine; and adding epoxy resin into the glue groove, heating the glue groove to 70 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 320mPa & s, immersing the carbon fiber bundles into the epoxy resin from one end of the glue groove after collecting the carbon fiber bundles, slowly moving the carbon fiber bundles to the outside of the glue groove from the other end of the glue groove, and controlling the moving speed of the carbon fiber bundles to be 36m/min so as to completely infiltrate the carbon fiber bundles.
(2) Winding 2 carbon fiber bundles after gum dipping on a metal mandrel, wherein in the winding process, the winding angle is controlled to be 25 degrees, and the fiber tension is controlled to be 20N; then controlling the winding angle to be 90 degrees and the fiber tension to be 30N for winding, and scraping glue when the winding angle is 90 degrees to remove redundant resin on the surface;
(3) and (3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum oven, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.09-0.1 MPa. Starting magnetic rotation, wherein the rotating speed is 20 r/min. The temperature program is set to 70 ℃/30 min; 100 ℃/60 min; 120 ℃/30 min.
The porosity of the final transmission shaft tube is 0.05-0.1%, and the porosity of the common product is about 0.2%.
Example 2
Raw materials: zhongshenying hawk SYT49S 12K carbon fiber; hua fishing HY230 epoxy resin;
layering of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft: [ +/-16℃ °]6/[±45°]6/[90°]2；
The size of the transmission shaft is as follows: the length of the shaft tube is 688 mm; the inner diameter is 80mm, and the outer diameter is 92.2 mm.
(1) Firstly, carrying out surface treatment on a metal core shaft with the outer diameter of 80mm by using acetone and a release agent, then fixing a metal transmission connecting flange on the metal core shaft, and then fixing the metal core shaft on a winding machine; and adding epoxy resin into the glue groove, heating the glue groove to 25 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 350mPa & s, immersing the carbon fiber bundles into the epoxy resin from one end of the glue groove after collecting the carbon fiber bundles, slowly moving the carbon fiber bundles to the outside of the glue groove from the other end of the glue groove, and controlling the moving speed of the carbon fiber bundles to be 36m/min so as to completely infiltrate the carbon fiber bundles.
(4) Winding 4 carbon fiber bundles after gum dipping on a metal mandrel, wherein in the winding process, the winding angle is controlled to be 16 degrees, and the fiber tension is controlled to be 40N; then the winding angle is controlled to be 45 degrees, and the fiber tension is controlled to be 60N for winding; finally, winding is carried out under the conditions that the winding angle is controlled to be 90 degrees and the fiber tension is controlled to be 60N, and glue scraping is carried out when the winding angle is 90 degrees, so that redundant resin on the surface is removed;
(3) and (3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum oven, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.09-0.1 MPa. Starting magnetic rotation, wherein the rotating speed is 20 r/min. The temperature program is set to 80 ℃/30 min; 140 ℃/240 min; 150 ℃/30 min.
The porosity of the final transmission shaft tube is 0.05-0.1%, and the porosity of the common product is about 0.2%.
Example 3
Raw materials: toray T70012K carbon fiber; hua fishing HY230 epoxy resin;
layering of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft: [ +/-16℃ °]4/[±45°]6/[90°]2；
The size of the transmission shaft is as follows: the length of the shaft tube is 508 mm; the inner diameter is 80mm, and the outer diameter is 91.6 mm.
(1) Firstly, carrying out surface treatment on a metal core shaft with the outer diameter of 80mm by using acetone and a release agent, then fixing a metal transmission connecting flange on the metal core shaft, and then fixing the metal core shaft on a winding machine; and adding epoxy resin into the glue groove, heating the glue groove to 25 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 350mPa & s, immersing the carbon fiber bundles into the epoxy resin from one end of the glue groove after collecting the carbon fiber bundles, slowly moving the carbon fiber bundles to the outside of the glue groove from the other end of the glue groove, and controlling the moving speed of the carbon fiber bundles to be 36m/min so as to completely infiltrate the carbon fiber bundles.
(2) Winding 2 carbon fiber bundles after gum dipping on a metal mandrel, wherein in the winding process, the winding angle is controlled to be 16 degrees, and the fiber tension is controlled to be 20N; then controlling the winding angle to be 45 degrees and the fiber tension to be 30N for winding; finally, winding is carried out under the conditions that the winding angle is controlled to be 90 degrees and the fiber tension is controlled to be 30N, and glue scraping is carried out when the winding angle is 90 degrees, so that redundant resin on the surface is removed;
(3) and (3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum oven, starting magnetic rotation at the vacuum degree of-0.09-0.1 MPa, and rotating at the speed of 20 r/min. The temperature program is set to 80 ℃/30 min; 140 ℃/240 min; 150 ℃/30 min.
The porosity of the final transmission shaft tube is 0.05-0.1%, and the porosity of the common product is about 0.2%.
Example 4
Raw materials: ECT550E 12K glass fiber; huayu HY277 epoxy resin;
layering of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft: [ +/-45℃ °]10；
The size of the shaft tube is as follows: the length of the shaft tube is 1340 mm; the inner diameter is 40mm, and the outer diameter is 50 mm.
(1) Firstly, carrying out surface treatment on a metal mandrel with the outer diameter of 40mm by using acetone and a release agent, then fixing a metal transmission connecting flange on the metal mandrel, and then fixing the metal mandrel on a winding machine; and adding epoxy resin into the glue groove, heating the glue groove to 70 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 320mPa & s, immersing the carbon fiber bundles into the epoxy resin from one end of the glue groove after collecting the carbon fiber bundles, slowly moving the carbon fiber bundles to the outside of the glue groove from the other end of the glue groove, and controlling the moving speed of the carbon fiber bundles to be 36m/min so as to completely infiltrate the carbon fiber bundles.
(2) Winding 2 carbon fiber bundles after gum dipping on a metal mandrel, wherein in the winding process, the winding angle is controlled to be 45 degrees, and the fiber tension is controlled to be 30N;
(3) and (3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum oven, starting magnetic rotation at the vacuum degree of-0.09-0.1 MPa, and rotating at the speed of 20 r/min. The temperature program is set to 70 ℃/30 min; 100 ℃/60 min; 120 ℃/30 min.
The porosity of the final transmission shaft tube is 0.05-0.1%, and the porosity of the common product is about 0.2%.
Example 5
Raw materials: toray T70012K carbon fiber; hua fishing HY3226 epoxy resin;
layering of the carbon fiber composite material transmission shaft: [ +/-25 DEG C]2；
The size of the shaft tube is as follows: the length of the shaft tube is 1500 mm; the inner diameter is 80mm, and the outer diameter is 82 mm.
(1) Firstly, carrying out surface treatment on a metal core shaft with the outer diameter of 80mm by using acetone and a release agent, then fixing a metal transmission connecting flange on the metal core shaft, and then fixing the metal core shaft on a winding machine; and adding epoxy resin into the glue groove, heating the glue groove to 25 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 400mPa & s, immersing the carbon fiber bundles into the epoxy resin from one end of the glue groove after collecting the carbon fiber bundles, slowly moving the carbon fiber bundles to the outside of the glue groove from the other end of the glue groove, and controlling the moving speed of the carbon fiber bundles to be 36m/min so as to completely infiltrate the carbon fiber bundles.
(2) Winding 4 carbon fiber bundles after gum dipping on a metal mandrel, wherein in the winding process, the winding angle is controlled to be 25 degrees, and the fiber tension is controlled to be 25N;
(3) and (3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum oven, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.09-0.1 MPa. Starting magnetic rotation, wherein the rotating speed is 20 r/min. The temperature program is set to 70 ℃/30 min; 120 ℃/120 min; 140 ℃/60 min.
The porosity of the final transmission shaft tube is 0.05-0.1%, and the porosity of the common product is about 0.2%.
The above embodiments are merely for clearly illustrating the embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments. As it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be made on the basis of the foregoing description, it is not necessary or necessary to exhaustively enumerate all embodiments, and thus such variations and modifications as are obvious to be implied are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the low-porosity winding-formed carbon fiber composite transmission shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) fully dipping the carbon fiber bundle in glue solution with the viscosity of 250-500 mPa & s;
(2) winding the carbon fiber bundle after gum dipping on a transmission shaft;
(3) placing the transmission shaft in a vacuum rotary oven, and starting magnetic rotation; first vacuuming at T1-30～T1Drying at-60 ℃ for 30-45 min, and then drying at T1Drying under the condition until the glue solution is solidified, and then heating to T1+10～T1Drying at 20 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the low-porosity wound and molded carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, wherein T is1Representing the curing temperature of the glue.
2. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the glue solution is epoxy resin.
3. The method for preparing a low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (1) is specifically as follows: and placing the glue solution into a glue tank, controlling the temperature of the glue tank to control the viscosity of the glue solution to be 250-500 mPa & s, so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed into the glue solution from one end of the glue tank and slowly moves out of the glue tank towards the other end of the glue tank, and the carbon fiber bundle is ensured to be completely infiltrated.
4. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the glue groove is 25-70 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), when the carbon fiber bundle winds the transmission shaft, the carbon fiber bundle is wound at a small angle and then wound at a large angle.
6. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the winding tension of each bundle of carbon fiber bundle is controlled to be 10-60N during winding, and the winding angle of the outermost layer is 90 degrees.
7. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the metal mold is subjected to surface treatment with acetone and a release agent before the carbon fiber composite material is wound.
8. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the winding speed of the carbon fiber bundle is 36 m/min.
9. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), T1Is 100-140 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the low-porosity wound carbon fiber composite transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), at T1The drying time is 60-240 min under the condition.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120111132A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-10 | 박찬희 | Curing process of pressure or vacuum for pressure vessel of wet filament winding |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120111132A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-10 | 박찬희 | Curing process of pressure or vacuum for pressure vessel of wet filament winding |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王新龙等: "《碳纤维缠绕成型用环氧树脂体系研究》", 《热固性树脂》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200501 |