CN111079292A - Method for determining support resistance of residual coal re-mining fully-mechanized caving face - Google Patents
Method for determining support resistance of residual coal re-mining fully-mechanized caving face Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining the support resistance of a residual coal re-mining fully-mechanized caving face, which belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a method for solving a support working resistance calculation formula according to balance conditions and a formula according to a mechanical model of a residual coal pillar and an empty roadway of a residual coal mining face, solving the support working resistance according to the formula, wherein the maximum value of the working resistance is the basis for finally selecting a support for a mine; according to the invention, through analyzing the main influence factors of the basic top fracture of the residual coal re-mining working face, a support surrounding rock interaction mechanical model is established when the residual coal re-mining working face passes through the residual coal pillar and the empty roadway, the reasonable support working resistance of the residual coal re-mining working face is determined, and a basis can be provided for the support model selection of the similar residual coal re-mining working face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a method for determining the support resistance of a fully mechanized caving face for residual coal re-mining.
Background
In the past, a lot of mines adopt a roadway-type (excavation and mining) and roadway-caving-type coal mining method, in order to ensure the stability of a mining roadway, a large number of coal pillars are left in an old mining area, and great waste of high-quality resources is caused, wherein the high-quality resources comprise anthracite, coking coal and the like.
With the excessive exploitation of coal resources, high-quality coal resources are increasingly in shortage, and in order to ensure the sustainable development of the coal industry, the re-mining of the remaining high-quality residual coal is required. When the re-mining is carried out in the residual coal re-mining area, the influence of an old coal mining method is caused, a large number of irregular empty lanes, roof caving areas and coal pillars are randomly distributed in the re-mining area, so that the spatial stress distribution of surrounding rocks is complex, the problems of wall caving, end face roof caving, uneven mine pressure appearance, broken roof plates, complex motion law, high surrounding rock control difficulty, poor support adaptability and the like are prominent, and the development of the residual coal re-mining is severely restricted by the problems.
At present, the study of scholars at home and abroad on residual mining mainly comprises the surrounding rock stress distribution rule and mine pressure display characteristics in the process of passing through coal pillars and empty roadways on a working face, the study on the aspect of bracket model selection is relatively less, the bracket model selection is the key for controlling the surrounding rock on the working face and is the guarantee for realizing safe and efficient mining on the working face, and therefore the bracket model selection is reasonable and is of great importance for residual coal re-mining. The precondition of the support type selection is firstly to determine the working resistance of the working face support, and only by accurately knowing the resistance of the working face support, the proper support mode can be selected according to different underground conditions and environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a method for determining the support resistance of a fully mechanized caving face in the coal mining of residual coal. The method aims to overcome the defects of the existing calculation method corresponding to the residual coal re-mining, and determines the support working resistance of the residual coal pillar passing by the support of the residual coal face by analyzing the fracture process of the basic top rock of the residual coal re-mining working face and the solid coal working face according to the characteristics of the residual coal re-mining working face.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
According to the characteristics of the residual coal stoping working face, the fracture process of the basic top rock block of the residual coal stoping working face and the solid coal working face is analyzed to know that: the width of the empty lane and the yielding deformation of the coal pillar are main factors influencing basic top fracture, so that the method for determining the working resistance of the support under the two conditions that the support passes through the residual coal pillar and the empty lane is provided.
The method for determining the working resistance of the support comprises two conditions of residual coal pillar passing and empty lane passing of a residual coal stope working face:
a. passing the residual coal pillar on the working face:
the method comprises the steps of combining the actual situation that a residual coal stoping working face passes through a residual coal pillar on the basis that the structure of a 'transmission rock beam' of the Song-Shaqi courtyard is as shown in figure 1, pushing out a mechanical model of interaction of surrounding rocks of a support of the residual coal stoping working face as shown in figure 2, hinging a block body B and a block body A in figure 2 to form a balance structure, taking a block body B separation body as a top plate incoming pressure strength mechanical model for researching the supporting effect of the support on the surrounding rocks, and determining a working resistance calculation formula of a hydraulic support of the residual coal stoping working face through the top plate incoming pressure strength mechanical model, wherein the stress state is as shown in figure 3.
Analyzing a top plate incoming pressure strength mechanical model, determining that the stable condition of a top plate key block B needs to satisfy the formula (1), and pushing out the formula (2) according to the formula (1);
judging that the formula (2) is established, if the formula (2) is established, the key block B can be kept stable, and effective support resistance is not required to be provided by the support; if the formula (2) is not satisfied, the key block B is kept stable under the condition that the support provides effective support resistance and the friction force on the fracture surface jointly balances the arch springing vertical load, so that the support resistance formula (3) required to be provided by the support can be obtained according to the balance condition;
deducing the friction angle (4) on the fracture surface according to the N.Barton criterion;
according to the formula (3) and the formula (4), the expression (5) of the working resistance required to be provided by the bracket is obtained when the actions of the top coal and the direct top on the bracket are considered under the N.Barton criterion;
the final formula for deriving the stent working resistance calculation from the parameters brought forward is (6).
b. The working face passes through the empty lane:
on the basis that the structure of a 'transfer rock beam' of the Song vibrating Qi Ci is as shown in figure 1, an empty lane crossing long key block mechanical model is established by combining the actual situation when an empty lane is exposed by the stope coal stope working face mining, and is as shown in figure 4 (a key block crosses a goaf, a working face and an old empty lane, and the key block is called an empty lane crossing long key block), the mechanical model of an empty lane crossing key block B of figure 4 is simplified into a key block stress analysis diagram shown in figure 5, and the required working resistance when the hydraulic support can safely pass through the empty lane is determined by analyzing the stress state of the key block structure.
Establishing key block balance equations (7) and (8) and an anti-slip-out instability along the sky according to the balance condition of the key block and the anti-slip-out instability along the sky;
performing mechanical analysis on coal beds above a support and a hollow roadway and an immediate roof rock layer in a long key block stress analysis diagram, and performing balance equations (10) and (11) on top coal and immediate roof;
and (3) pushing out a supporting force expression (12) of the gob-side entry to the top coal and a support working resistance expression (13) according to the expressions (10) and (11).
Equation (1) is as follows:
T(cosθsinφ-sinθcosφ)≥V(cosθcosφ-sinθsinφ)
equation (2) is as follows:
equation (3) is as follows:
equation (4) is as follows:
equation (5) is as follows:
P＝V-Tf+P1
equation (6) is as follows:
equation (7) is as follows:
2R1(A+x)/3+T(h-Δ-a)-(P1Lcosθ1)/2＝0
equation (8) is as follows:
P1＝R1+Q'A
equation (9) is as follows:
equation (10) is as follows:
equation (11) is as follows:
F0+P＝Q+R1
equation (12) is as follows:
equation (13) is as follows:
wherein β is the fracture of the fundamental roof rock layerAngle, °; l is2Is the length of block B, m; q. q.s2The load is uniformly distributed on the basic roof rock layer by the dead weight of the roof plate; theta is an included angle between the fracture line and the vertical direction; l is1Is the length of block a, m; xc＝L1cosθ1；
L＝L1+L2；
Y＝M-H-∑h(Kp-1)；
JRC is the rough coefficient of the fracture surface of the basic top rock layer; JCS is the effective compressive strength of the crack wall of the basic top rock layer, and can take the axial compressive strength value measured by a laboratory of the basic top rock layer; g is the extrusion height coefficient G of the horizontal force at the arch springing position is 0.018H-0.0195; h is the base roof layer calculated thickness;
is the basic top fracture surface basic friction angle, °; gamma ray1Volume force of direct roof, kN/m3；γ2Is the volume force of the top coal, kN/m3；M2M is the thickness of the top coal, a is the distance of the top of the bracket, M, B is the width of the bracket, M, Σ h is the thickness of the direct top, △ is the rotary sinking amount of the key block B, M, q is the unit load on the key block B, MPa, M is the thickness of the coal, M, B is the width of the bracket, gamma2Is the volume weight of rock mass, kN/m3；KpThe coefficient of crushing and swelling; f0Supporting force of the empty lane to the top coal; p is the working resistance of the bracket; q1Load per top coal; q2Load per immediate roof; gamma ray1The volume weight of the coal seam is shown, and T is the horizontal thrust of the block B to the block A; v is the vertical load of the arch foot of the block B.
And finally, comparing the working resistance of the support when the residual coal face passes through the empty roadway with the working resistance of the support when the residual coal face passes through the residual coal pillars, and selecting a larger value to determine the resistance borne by the support of the residual coal re-mining fully-mechanized caving face.
Further, in the formula (1)
Further, in the formula (3),
and
L2is the length of the critical block B; q. q.s2The load is uniformly distributed on the basic roof rock layer by the dead weight of the roof plate; l is1Is the length of non-critical block B; xc＝L1cosθ1；
L＝L1+L2；
Y＝M-H-∑h(Kp-1)；
Further, in formula 5, P1＝γ2M2·ab+γ1∑h·ab，
Further, Q ═ Q in formulas 10 to 131+Q2＝b(A+x)(mγ1+∑hγ2)。
Further, when no filling treatment is performed on the empty lane, F0＝0。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that.
When the residual coal stope face passes through the residual coal pillar support, instability accidents are easy to happen, the invention analyzes the support resistance calculation method when the residual coal pillar and the empty lane are passed according to the actual situation of the residual coal stope face, and the maximum value is taken as the basis for finally selecting the support type. And for each condition, establishing a corresponding mechanical model, and solving a bracket working resistance determination formula under different conditions according to corresponding balance conditions. According to the invention, through analyzing main influence factors of basic top fracture of the residual coal re-mining working face, an interaction mechanical model of the residual coal passing through the residual coal pillar and the surrounding rock of the empty roadway support of the residual coal re-mining working face is established, the reasonable support working resistance of the residual coal re-mining working face is determined, and a basis can be provided for similar support model selection of the residual coal re-mining working face.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a similar simulation experiment for re-mining residual coal in the example.
FIG. 2 is a mechanical model of the interaction of surrounding rocks of the over-residual coal pillar support in the example.
FIG. 3 is a mechanical model of the top plate pressure intensity in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-lane long key block mechanical model in an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a force analysis diagram of the long key block in the example.
Wherein, W in the figure is the width of the coal pillar; a. thexIs the width of the empty lane; m is the mining height; hmaxCritical block thickness; t is the horizontal extrusion force of the key block; theta 1 and theta 2 are rotation angles of the rock block B, C respectively; QA 'and QB' are respectively the shearing force applied to the two rock pieces; A. x is the length of the top control distance of the empty lane and the bracket; l, l are the lengths of key blocks B, C, respectively; p1 and P2 are the dead weight and overburden loading of critical block B, C, respectively; r1 and R2 are respectively the supporting force of the immediate roof and the gangue on the key block B, C; d is the rock contact length.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The method comprises the steps of combining the actual situation that a residual coal stoping working face passes through a residual coal pillar on the basis that the structure of a 'transmission rock beam' of the Song-Shaqi courtyard is as shown in figure 1, pushing out a mechanical model of interaction of surrounding rocks of a support of the residual coal stoping working face as shown in figure 2, hinging a block body B and a block body A in figure 2 to form a balance structure, taking a block body B separation body as a top plate incoming pressure strength mechanical model for researching the supporting effect of the support on the surrounding rocks, and determining a working resistance calculation formula of a hydraulic support of the residual coal stoping working face through the top plate incoming pressure strength mechanical model, wherein the stress state is as shown in figure 3.
On the basis that the structure of a 'transfer rock beam' of the Song vibrating Qi Ci is as shown in figure 1, an empty lane crossing long key block mechanical model is established by combining the actual situation when an empty lane is exposed by the stope coal stope working face mining, and is as shown in figure 4 (a key block crosses a goaf, a working face and an old empty lane, and the key block is called an empty lane crossing long key block), the mechanical model of an empty lane crossing key block B of figure 4 is simplified into a key block stress analysis diagram shown in figure 5, and the required working resistance when the hydraulic support can safely pass through the empty lane is determined by analyzing the stress state of the key block structure.
Taking 30102 working face of repeated mining and top coal caving of residual coal in Guanling mountain coal industry as an example, the thickness of the No. 3 coal seam is 4.35-5.5 m, the average thickness is 4.50m, the dip angle is 3-6 degrees, and the average buried depth of the coal seam is 187 m. Because the mine is limited by the mining process and the equipment level, the old mining method adopts a roadway-type coal mining method of mining bottom and retaining top to carry out the extraction. According to investigation and analysis, when the Guanling mountain coal mine is used for stoping in the past, a roadway mainly tunnels along the bottom of a coal seam. And mining part of the stable sections of the top plate by adopting a side digging and side expanding mode, wherein the range of the side digging and side expanding is determined according to the property of the top plate of the coal seam, and the width of the goaf is about 6-8 m after the side digging and side expanding. After mining, a plurality of coal pillars with different sizes and shapes are left in the old mining area, and the coal pillars are partially crushed or pressed to be crisp and partially kept intact. 30102 mining roadways of a first mining face disclose 50 roadways in the tunneling process, 27 empty roadways which are parallel to the working face or intersect with the working face at a small angle are found in the mining process of the working face, the width of the old empty roadway is mainly concentrated at 2.5-3 m, the height of the empty roadway is mainly concentrated at 2.2-2.5 m, and the width of a coal pillar is 9-30 m. Mining height M2.5M, direct jacking crushing expansion coefficient Kp1.25, basicThe breaking angle β of the top rock stratum is 70 degrees, and the apparent density rho of the direct top rock stratum is 2.48t/m3Basic top layer apparent density rho 2.7t/m3The tensile strength coefficient K of the basic top rock layer is 0.9, and the thickness H of the basic top bearing rock layermax24.58m, basic roof rock formation axial tensile strength σc＝6.33×105kg/m2The basic roof rock layer is uniformly loaded by the dead weight of the roof plate q2＝ρ·g·Hmax(ii) a The rough coefficient JRC of the fracture surface of the basic top rock layer is 15; effective compressive strength JCS of basic top rock stratum crack wall 5408t/m2(ii) a Base friction angle of fracture surface of basic rock stratum
The empty lane A is 8M, the width of the top control distance x is 5.5M, the thickness M of coal is 4.5M, and the thickness of top coal is 2M; the thickness sigma h of the direct roof is 3.5m, and the volume weight of the coal bed is 14.2kN/m3The direct top volume weight is 23.1kN/m3(ii) a Taking the crushing coefficient to be 1.25;
the immediate roof internal friction angle is 32 deg..
The working resistance of the support when the working face passes through the residual coal pillar is calculated as follows:
by
It can be known that the condition that the block B is kept stable provides effective support resistance for the bracket and the friction force on the fracture surface to balance the arch springing vertical load V together.
p1＝γ2M2·ab+γ1Sigma h & ab ═ 781.45 kN/frame
P＝V-T·f+p15387 kN/frame
The working resistance of the bracket when the working face passes through the empty lane is calculated as follows:
when the support passes through the empty roadway calculated by the formula (13), the critical support resistance of the support is
Substituting the related parameters of the Guanling mountain coal mine into a calculation formula to obtain the working resistance of the support of 5387kN when the re-mining working face passes through the coal pillar, the working resistance of the support of 4994kN when the re-mining working face passes through the empty roadway, and finally taking the maximum value of 5387kN when the support is selected.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining the support resistance of a residual coal re-mining fully mechanized caving face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, calculating the working resistance of the support when the residual coal pillar is crossed by the residual mining working face, and specifically:
1) setting irregular rock stratum block bodies passing through residual coal pillars on a residual mining working face as a key block B, and determining the stable condition of a top plate key block B to meet a formula I:
T(cosθsinφ-sinθcosφ)≥V(cosθcosφ-sinθsinφ) (Ⅰ)
2) formula II is derived from formula I:
judging whether the inequality of the formula II is established or not, if the inequality of the formula II is established, the key block B cannot slide along a fracture line, namely, the rotation or sliding instability cannot occur, and the key block B can be kept stable by itself without providing effective supporting resistance by a support;
if the inequality of the formula II is not satisfied, the condition that the key block B is kept stable is that the effective supporting resistance provided by the bracket and the friction force on the fracture surface are required to jointly balance the arch springing vertical load, so that a supporting resistance formula III required by the bracket can be deduced according to the balance condition;
3) the friction angle on the fracture surface is deduced according to the n.barton criterion, formula iv:
from formulas iii and iv, it can be derived that under the n.barton criterion, when considering the effect of the roof coal and the immediate roof on the stent, the expression v for the operating resistance that needs to be provided to push out the stent is given:
P＝V-Tf+P1(Ⅴ)
substituting the formula V into the formulas II, III and IV, and pushing out the final formula of the calculation of the working resistance of the stent as follows:
in the above formula, T is the horizontal thrust of the block B to the block a; v is the vertical load of the arch springing of the block B;
β is the basic roof rock layer fracture angle, theta is the included angle of the fracture line and the vertical direction;
JRC is the rough coefficient of the fracture surface of the basic top rock layer;
JCS is the effective compressive strength of the crack wall of the basic top rock layer, and the axial compressive strength value measured by a laboratory of the basic top rock layer is taken;
g is the extrusion height coefficient of the horizontal force at the arch springing, and G is 0.018H-0.0195;
h is the base roof layer calculated thickness;
γ1volume force of direct roof, kN/m3；
γ2Is the volume force of the top coal, kN/m3；
M2The thickness of the top coal;
a is the distance between the supports; b is the width of the bracket;
Σ h is the direct top thickness, △ is the rotary sinking amount of the key block B, q is the unit load of the upper surface of the key block B in MPa, M is the coal thickness in M, B is the bracket width, γ2Is the volume weight of rock mass, kN/m3(ii) a P is the working resistance of the bracket; gamma ray1Is the volume weight of the coal bed.
And secondly, calculating the working resistance of the support when the residual mining working face passes through the empty roadway, specifically comprising the following steps:
simplifying a 'key block B' mechanical model of a cross-empty lane into a key block stress analysis model, determining the required working resistance when a hydraulic support can safely pass through the empty lane by analyzing the stress state of a key block structure, and establishing a balance equation of the key block B according to the balance condition of the key block and the condition of preventing the instability of the hydraulic support along the empty lane, wherein the balance equation is respectively represented by formulas VI and VII:
2R1(A+x)/3+T(h-Δ-a)-(P1Lcosθ1)/2＝0 (Ⅵ)
P1＝R1+Q'A(Ⅶ)
meanwhile, an anti-slip-over instability equation VIII is established,
performing mechanical analysis on the long key block B stress analysis support, a coal seam above a hollow roadway and a direct top rock layer, wherein balance equations of top coal and a direct top train are respectively in formulas IX and X;
F0+P＝Q+R1(Ⅹ)；
pushing a supporting force expression XI of the empty roadway on the top coal and a support working resistance expression XII according to formulas IX and X;
and thirdly, comparing the working resistance of the support when the residual coal face passes through the empty roadway with the working resistance of the support when the residual coal face passes through the residual coal pillars, and selecting a larger value to determine the resistance borne by the support of the residual coal re-mining fully-mechanized caving face.
2. The method for determining the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face for coal mining of residual coal in claim 1, wherein the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face in formula I
3. The method for determining the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face for coal mining of residual coal according to claim 1, wherein in formula III,
and
L2is the length of the critical block B; q. q.s2The load is uniformly distributed on the basic roof rock layer by the dead weight of the roof plate; l is1Is the length of non-critical block B; xc＝L1cosθ1；
L＝L1+L2；
Y＝M-H-∑h(Kp-1)；
4. The method for determining the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face for coal mining of residual coal mining according to claim 1, wherein in formula V, P is1＝γ2M2·ab+γ1∑h·ab。
5. The method for determining the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face for coal mining of residual coal mining according to claim 1, wherein in formula V,
6. the method for determining the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face for coal mining of claim 1, wherein Q is Q1+Q2＝b(A+x)(mγ1+∑hγ2)。
7. The method for determining the support resistance of the fully mechanized caving face for coal mining of the residual coal recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein F is determined when no filling treatment is performed on the empty roadway0＝0。
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Application publication date: 20200428 |