CN111079073A - Building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method - Google Patents
Building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111079073A CN111079073A CN202010078768.6A CN202010078768A CN111079073A CN 111079073 A CN111079073 A CN 111079073A CN 202010078768 A CN202010078768 A CN 202010078768A CN 111079073 A CN111079073 A CN 111079073A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- building
- point
- solar
- irradiance
- calculating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
Abstract
The invention relates to a building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method, which comprises the following steps: sampling point clouds of a roof and a facade of a building model, carrying out occlusion analysis, carrying out sky vision field analysis, carrying out solar radiation calculation and calculating solar potential. The method promotes the technical means of accurately estimating the actual solar potential of the three-dimensional building, performs roof-facade joint sampling on the building model, and then performs occlusion analysis and sky view analysis so as to perform direct radiation and scattering calculation of solar radiation. The roof-facade combined technical method provided by the invention not only calculates the solar potential of the top surface of the building in the conventional method, but also calculates the solar potential of the facade of the building, thereby improving the range and potential of solar utilization of urban buildings. The invention adopts the steps of firstly carrying out point sampling on the top surface and the vertical surface of the building, carrying out space shielding analysis and sky view field analysis in a discretization mode, and fully considering the influence of the surrounding building on the solar energy received by the building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar energy potential calculation method based on a three-dimensional building model, which effectively estimates the solar energy power generation potential of an urban building through the steps of building model three-dimensional point cloud sampling, shielding analysis, sky view field analysis, solar irradiance model and solar energy potential.
Background
Under the background of global population increase and electric energy demand increase, the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) is rapidly increased, which has been 2.55 × 10 in 19718TJ increased to 5.74X 10 in 20148TJ, power consumption is from 1.84 × 107TJ increased to 7.14X 107TJ (fossil energy power generation amount accounts for 66.70 percent of the total power generation amount), and CO discharged by combustion of fossil energy2Has increased from 139.42 million tons in 1971 to 322.07 million tons in 2014 (IEA 2016). Furthermore, the united states energy information administration (u.s.energy information administration) predicts that the energy consumed by humans will also increase by 56% during the year 2010 to 2040. Meanwhile, since 1990, the annual average rate of increase of renewable energy was about 2.2%, which is higher than the rate of increase of 1.9% of the total primary energy supply in the world, whereas in renewable energy, the annual average rate of increase of solar photovoltaic power generation was about 46.2% (IEA 2016). Therefore, for the sustainable development of human beings, further promotion of renewable energy technology development and increase of renewable energy yield are urgently needed, and especially, the utilization of urban solar energy needs to be considered (Castro et al.2013; IPCC 2011; Kannan and Vakeesan 2016).
The former research on solar potential mainly comprises the establishment of a solar map of a national or regional spatial scale and the research on a solar radiation model of a building scale. The focus of research is on large-scale solar radiation distribution and intensity calculations, such as solar maps of the united states, china, canada, israel and spain. These solar maps are widely used to judge the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic industry. Radiometric models are computed for radiometric conversion based on building models, such as Sunoproject of Google (https:// www.google.com/get/sunproof). The main disadvantage of these methods is that it does not take into account building facades when calculating the solar potential. In addition, time-varying occlusion shadows, sky views, and weather factors also affect the actual estimates, and previous studies have often focused on a range of isotropic radiances and clear sky. Therefore, there is still a gap in research between these theoretical solar radiation models and actual urban solar potential estimates.
Although the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is only 10% -20%, the solar photovoltaic system is still the main solar energy utilization form at present. As a main functional body of a city, a building can be considered as an energy consuming body and an energy producing body. The energy consumption of buildings is relatively large in total energy consumption, for example, about 40% in europe, about 41% in the united states, about 28% in china, and about 25% in japan (Biswas et al.2016; Ma et al.2017; Yan et al.2017). Therefore, how to increase the utilization of renewable energy, balance the energy consumption and energy supply of buildings and reduce environmental pollution has become the focus of current technical research (Foley and Olabi 2017). The regular surface of the building is a good area for solar radiation, and the solar energy on the surface of the building is converted into electric energy, so that not only is a basic electric energy supply provided for production and life of people, but also fossil energy consumption is reduced and greenhouse gas emission is reduced (Hammer et al 2003; Luthander et al 2015). Therefore, the accurate calculation of the solar irradiance on the surface of the building provides support for the installation of photovoltaic power generation equipment, the prediction of electric energy output and the analysis of energy-saving and emission-reducing effects (Angelis-Dimakis et al 2011; Fogl and Moudry 2016).
The invention researches an actual solar energy potential estimation technology of a building. A combined roof and facade frame is used to calculate the solar radiation at each sampling point on the building surface. Firstly, point sampling is carried out based on a three-dimensional model of a building, then, the shadow shielding condition is analyzed and the sky view factor is calculated through space analysis, the solar radiation on each sampling point is calculated according to the shadow shielding condition, and then the solar radiation is converted into photovoltaic power generation potential according to the solar radiation result.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the technical defects, calculates the utilization potential of the building facade in the process of calculating the solar potential of the building, and comprehensively considers the shadow shielding influence and the sky view factor, so that the result is closer to the actual situation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 2, occlusion analysis, namely calculating the maximum occlusion angle of all building points in each sector area, which is specifically as follows: with building point P (x)p,yp,zp) Establishing a sky view field analysis range of a point P for a radius of a center r, and recording field building points except the point P in the sky view field analysis range as Qi(xi,yi,zi) Uniformly dividing the sky vision field analysis range into 2 pi/n sector areas, wherein 2 pi/n is a positive integer, n is the radian of each sector area, and calculating a point P (x)p,yp,zp) And Qi(xi,yi,zi) Is at an angle tau to the true north directioniField building Point Q which will satisfy the following equationi(xi,yi,zi) Marking as a shielding candidate point N in the k-th sector areaj，
k×n-γ/2≤τiNot more than kXn + gamma/2, gamma is a buffer angle, and the value of gamma is pi/60;
at the point N to be selectedjSelecting the point q with the maximum elevation, and countingCalculating the height difference and horizontal distance between the point q and the point P, the maximum shielding angle of the point P in the k-th sector area
Wherein point H is the elevation of point q, H is the elevation of point P, and d is the horizontal distance between point q and point P;
step 3, sky view analysis, namely calculating sky view factors of all building points, wherein the sky view factor calculation formula of the building point P is as follows:
where λ is azimuth, λ ═ k × n, k ═ 1,2, …,2 pi/n, θZIs the angle between the line connecting the point q and the point P and the zenith direction, thetakIs the maximum shading angle in the k-th sector area;
step 4, solar radiation calculation, namely calculating the direct irradiance and the scattering irradiance of each building point at each moment, and adding the direct irradiance and the scattering irradiance to obtain the total solar irradiance of the building point at each moment, wherein the solar irradiance is as follows:
when the solar azimuth angle falls within the kth sector of the building point P, the direct irradiance I of the building point P at this time1Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula I0Has a solar constant of 1367w/m2，CtFor modifying the parameter for the distance from the sun to the earth, thetahIs the solar altitude, A1And A2The coefficients of sky turbidity are 0.88 and 0.26 respectively; thetasAt the zenith angle of the sun, thetaiIs the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the normal vector of the building surface where the building point P is;
building point P scattering irradiance D1Calculated according to the following formula:
D1＝Dd1+Dd2+Dd3
wherein D isd1Is the ring-solar scattered irradiance, Dd2Scattering irradiance, D, for the domed3Building diffuse irradiance;
total solar irradiance G ═ I at each time1+D1
Step 5, calculating the potential of the solar energy, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) for each building point, accumulating the total solar irradiance at each moment according to time to obtain the annual irradiance of each building point, and recording the annual irradiance of the point i on the building surface x as
b) Calculating the average annual irradiance of each surface of the building and the average annual irradiance of the x surface of the building
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein N isxRepresents the number of building points on the building plane x;
c) calculating the total annual solar radiation of each building surface and the total annual solar radiation G of the building surface xXCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein D isxRepresents the surface area of the building plane x;
d) and summing the total annual solar radiation of all the building surfaces to obtain the total annual solar radiation G of the building, namely the solar potential of the building.
The annual photovoltaic power generation amount of the building is E ═ PRhe.G, wherein PRhAnd e is the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation equipment. PRhValue range of0.75-0.85, when using commercial silicon solar battery, the value of e is 12% -15%, when using high efficiency silicon solar battery, the value of e is 18% -20%.
The effective benefits of the invention are as follows:
(1) the method promotes the technical means of accurately estimating the actual solar potential of the three-dimensional building, performs roof-facade joint sampling on the building model, and then performs occlusion analysis and sky view analysis so as to perform direct radiation and scattering calculation of solar radiation. The calculation result of the invention can provide important reference for the photovoltaic industry, and not only can evaluate the solar potential of buildings, but also can guide the installation of photovoltaic equipment on a microscopic scale.
(2) The roof-facade combined technical method provided by the invention not only calculates the solar potential of the top surface of the building in the conventional method, but also calculates the solar potential of the facade of the building, thereby improving the range and potential of solar utilization of urban buildings.
(3) The invention adopts the steps of firstly carrying out point sampling on the top surface and the vertical surface of the building, carrying out space shielding analysis and sky view field analysis in a discretization mode, and fully considering the influence of the surrounding building on the solar energy received by the building.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the scope of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an occlusion analysis method according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a sky view calculation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the calculation result of the three-dimensional solar energy potential of the building according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the solar radiation intensity verification of the roof and the facade of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical route and the operation steps of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the technical scheme is carried out in a certain residential area (area B) under construction Ye (figure 2), and the total irradiation, direct irradiation and scattered irradiation of the building and the equivalent electric quantity under the conversion of solar photovoltaic power generation are calculated. Ye A certain residential area is a typical modern city area, the infrastructure construction in the fields of science, education, civilian and health is perfect, 260 buildings are shared, and the roof area of the buildings is about 165315m2The vertical surface area is about 497212m2The area of the building elevation is about 3 times of the area of the building roof.
In this embodiment, the experimental area is taken as an example to describe a method for calculating a three-dimensional solar potential of a building, as shown in a flowchart in fig. 1, which specifically includes the following steps:
Step 2, shielding analysis, namely solar radiation comprises a direct radiation part and an indirect radiation part, in an urban environment, shielding between buildings directly influences whether the buildings can receive the direct radiation, and when the buildings are shielded, the direct radiation does not exist and only the indirect radiation is influenced; therefore, the occlusion condition of each building rule point needs to be calculated in detail on the horizontal plane. In this step, based on each building point, the point is used as the center, and the combination with the height of the sun is used to calculate the shielding situation of the building point by the nearby ground object targets in different horizontal directions, and the shielding analysis is performed hour by hour (as shown in fig. 3). The specific method comprises the following steps:
with building point P (x)p,yp,zp) Establishing a sky view field analysis range of a point P for a radius of a center r, and recording field building points except the point P in the sky view field analysis range as Qi(xi,yi,zi) Uniformly dividing the sky vision field analysis range into 2 pi/n sector areas, wherein 2 pi/n is a positive integer, n is the radian of each sector area, and calculating a point P (x)p,yp,zp) And Qi(xi,yi,zi) Is at an angle tau to the true north directioniField building Point Q which will satisfy the following equationi(xi,yi,zi) Marking as a shielding candidate point N in the k-th sector areaj，
k×n-γ/2≤τiNot more than kXn + gamma/2, gamma is a buffer angle, and the value of gamma is pi/60;
at the point N to be selectedjSelecting a point q with the maximum elevation, and calculating the elevation difference and the horizontal distance between the point q and the point P, so that the maximum shielding angle of the point P in the k-th sector area
Where point H is the elevation of point q, H is the elevation of point P, and d is the horizontal distance between point q and point P.
The characteristic that the solar azimuth angle changes along with the time in one day is considered, and the problem of balancing calculation efficiency and solar irradiation fine calculation is solved. In this embodiment, the north direction is taken as a starting point, and the occlusion calculation is divided at a certain angle interval on the horizontal plane, where too many angle settings will affect the calculation efficiency, and too few will reduce the occlusion calculation fineness, and this embodiment sets that 72 directional occlusions are calculated on the horizontal plane, that is, the angle interval n is 360 °/72 is 5 °, so as to obtain the maximum occlusion angle in each direction. The value of n is 5 degrees, 6 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees or 12 degrees, and the smaller the value, the more accurate the calculation result.
Step 3, sky view analysis, namely calculating a sky view factor of each building point by using a ray tracing algorithm in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction (as shown in fig. 4). The sky vision factor specifically means the ratio of the visible area of the sky to the whole sky without occlusion. Because the urban environment is complex, the factor difference of the sky vision field is obvious, and the sky vision range is large in an open area; in the narrow street and high-rise standing position, the sky visible range is small. To the problem that the sky visible range is complicated and changeable, this embodiment acquires sky view factor through the mode of carrying out the integral to sheltering from the angle in horizontal direction and vertical direction on building shelter from analysis result basis. However, in a continuous sky-looking hemisphere space, it is difficult to solve the sky view range, so a method of discretizing the sky is adopted, that is, a sheltering scene between buildings is constructed at certain intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The specific method comprises the following steps:
and calculating the sky view factors of all the building points, wherein the sky view factor calculation formula of the building point P is as follows:
where λ is azimuth, λ ═ k × n, k ═ 1,2, …,2 pi/n, θZIs the angle between the line connecting the point q and the point P and the zenith direction, thetakIs the maximum shading angle in the k-th sector.
Step 4, solar radiation calculation, namely calculating the direct irradiance and the scattering irradiance of each building point at each moment, and adding the direct irradiance and the scattering irradiance to obtain the total solar irradiance of the building point at each moment, wherein the solar irradiance is as follows:
when the solar azimuth angle falls within the kth sector of the building point P, the direct irradiance I of the building point P at this time1Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula I0Has a solar constant of 1367w/m2，CtFor modifying the parameter for the distance from the sun to the earth, thetahIs the solar altitude, A1And A2The coefficients of sky turbidity are 0.88 and 0.26 respectively; thetasAt the zenith angle of the sun, thetaiIs the angle between the incident ray of the sun and the normal vector of the building surface at which the building point P is located, thetaiIs calculated by the following formula:
wherein, delta is the declination angle of the sun, omega is the time angle,
β and α are building point latitudes, grades and azimuths, respectively.
Building point P scattering irradiance D1Calculated according to the following formula:
D1＝Dd1+Dd2+Dd3
wherein D isd1Is the ring-solar scattered irradiance, Dd2Scattering irradiance, D, for the domed3Is the diffuse irradiance of the building.
Ring-day scattered irradiance D of building pointsd1Scattered irradiance D of domed2Building scattering irradiance Dd3Respectively obtained by the following formula:
Dd1＝2F1D(1-cosξ)χc(θi)
wherein, F1Is the ring-sun scattering irradiation coefficient, D is the scattering irradiance of the ground surface level, ξ is half of the included angle of the ring-sun area, the angle of the ring-sun area is set to be 20 degrees, and x isc(θi) Is the proportion of the area of the ring-sun scattered radiation seen at the building point P; k is atmospheric transmission and rho is buildingSurface reflection coefficient, GunshadedTotal irradiance, G, of building points without shadingshadedFor total irradiance of the occluded building points η is the slope difference between the building point to be calculated and the non-occluded building point.
Therefore, the total solar irradiance G ═ I at each time of a building point1+D1。
Respectively calculating direct radiation and scattered radiation of each point at each moment according to the occlusion analysis result and the sky view field analysis result and the formula mentioned in the technical description, wherein the direct radiation is mainly judged whether the direct radiation can receive the solar radiation according to the relation between the solar altitude and the occlusion angles in 72 directions, the scattered radiation is greatly influenced by a sky view field factor, and three scattered radiation quantities are obtained by combining the occlusion analysis result and the sky view field factor
Step 5, calculating the potential of the solar energy, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) for each building point, accumulating the total solar irradiance at each moment according to time to obtain the annual irradiance of each building point, and recording the annual irradiance of the point i on the building surface x as
b) Calculating the average annual irradiance of each surface of the building and the average annual irradiance of the x surface of the building
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein N isxRepresents the number of building points on the building plane x;
c) calculating the total annual solar radiation of each building surface and the total annual solar radiation G of the building surface xXCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein D isxRepresents the surface area of the building plane x;
d) and summing the total annual solar radiation of all the building surfaces to obtain the total annual solar radiation G of the building, namely the solar potential of the building.
The results of the calculation of the roof points and the facade points are shown in fig. 5. The total area of the roof in the area of the embodiment is 0.17km2, the direct radiation is 278.81GWh/year, the scattered radiation is 38.16GWh/year, and the total radiation is 316.97 GWh/year; the total area of the vertical surface is 0.49km2, the direct radiation is 190.75GWh/year, the scattered radiation is 47.23GWh/year, and the total radiation is 237.98 GWh/year.
Converting the potential of solar energy into the potential of photovoltaic power generation, and obtaining the potential by the following formula:
annual photovoltaic power generation E ═ PR of buildinghe.G, wherein PRhAnd e is the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation equipment. PRhThe value range of (a) is 0.75-0.85, when a commercial silicon solar cell is adopted, the value of e is 12% -15%, and when a high-efficiency silicon solar cell is adopted, the value of e is 18% -20%.
The calculated annual solar potential is converted into photovoltaic power generation potential, the conversion coefficient is according to research on the current market, a moderate average value is selected to be 15%, and the comprehensive efficiency of a photovoltaic system is 85%.
Verification of the examples:
the following description is continued with this example in order to verify the reliability of the method of the invention.
In order to verify the reliability of the technology (PRF-SR), based on comprehensive comparative analysis of building roof and facade solar irradiation, commercial software Autodesk Ecotecect is selected to calculate building solar irradiance as reference data, and the software is developed mainly based on a RADIANCE model. However, the calculation efficiency of the Autodesk Ecotect is not high, and the solar irradiance of a large-area building is difficult to calculate on a whole year scale, so that the verification is only carried out on four time nodes of spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice, and the results of the Autodesk Ecotect and the technical embodiment are compared and analyzed.
Fig. 6 shows the change situation of solar irradiance in hours at 4 time nodes, and it can be known from the graph that in terms of total irradiance and direct irradiance, PRF-SR and Autodesk Ecotect have extremely high coupling property and excellent goodness of fit of irradiance of roofs and facades calculated in spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice, and have the same change trend. The total irradiance and the direct irradiance of the roof reach the maximum values at noon, the total irradiance and the direct irradiance of the building vertical face can be reduced firstly and then increased at noon of spring, summer and autumn due to the influence of solar altitude and building layout, and the total irradiance and the direct irradiance of the building vertical face do not exist in winter solstice and still reach the maximum values at noon. In addition, the solar altitude is large at noon in summer solstice, so that the building elevation is difficult to receive incident rays of the sun, and a continuous elevation solar direct irradiance low-value area can appear for a long time. In the aspect of scattering irradiance, although the building roof and elevation irradiance calculated by the PRF-SR is different from the calculation result of the Autodesk Ecotecect, the total irradiance is still close. Compared with the prior art, the two methods are most consistent in the scattered irradiance of the roof and the vertical face calculated in spring equinox; in the autumn, the vertical surface scattering irradiance obtained by PRF-SR calculation is greatly different from the calculation result of Autodesk Ecotecect. Generally, the scattered irradiance of the roof and the vertical face of the building, which is obtained by the PRF-SR, changes more smoothly with time, and the fluctuation of the Autodesk Ecotect is larger. That is, the proposed building three-dimensional solar potential calculation technique is reliable and more efficient than existing software.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, sampling building model roof and facade point clouds, namely sampling a building three-dimensional vector model to obtain the roof point cloud and the facade point cloud of a building;
step 2, occlusion analysis, namely calculating the maximum occlusion angle of all building points in each sector area, which is specifically as follows: with building point P (x)p,yp,zp) Establishing a sky view field analysis range of a point P for a radius of a center r, and recording field building points except the point P in the sky view field analysis range as Qi(xi,yi,zi) Uniformly dividing the sky vision field analysis range into 2 pi/n sector areas, wherein 2 pi/n is a positive integer, n is the radian of each sector area, and calculating a point P (x)p,yp,zp) And Qi(xi,yi,zi) Is at an angle tau to the true north directioniField building Point Q which will satisfy the following equationi(xi,yi,zi) Marking as a shielding candidate point N in the k-th sector areaj，
k×n-γ/2≤τiNot more than kXn + gamma/2, gamma is a buffer angle, and the value of gamma is pi/60;
at the point N to be selectedjSelecting a point q with the maximum elevation, and calculating the elevation difference and the horizontal distance between the point q and the point P, so that the maximum shielding angle of the point P in the k-th sector area
Wherein point H is the elevation of point q, H is the elevation of point P, and d is the horizontal distance between point q and point P;
step 3, sky view analysis, namely calculating sky view factors of all building points, wherein the sky view factor calculation formula of the building point P is as follows:
where λ is azimuth, λ ═ k × n, k ═ 1,2, …,2 pi/n, θZIs the angle between the line connecting the point q and the point P and the zenith direction, thetakIs the maximum shading angle in the k-th sector area;
step 4, solar radiation calculation, namely calculating the direct irradiance and the scattering irradiance of each building point at each moment, and adding the direct irradiance and the scattering irradiance to obtain the total solar irradiance of the building point at each moment, wherein the solar irradiance is as follows:
when the solar azimuth angle falls within the kth sector of the building point P, the direct irradiance I of the building point P at this time1Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula I0Has a solar constant of 1367w/m2，CtFor modifying the parameter for the distance from the sun to the earth, thetahIs the solar altitude, A1And A2The coefficients of sky turbidity are 0.88 and 0.26 respectively; thetasAt the zenith angle of the sun, thetaiIs the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the normal vector of the building surface where the building point P is;
building point P scattering irradiance D1Calculated according to the following formula:
D1＝Dd1+Dd2+Dd3
wherein D isd1Is the ring-solar scattered irradiance, Dd2Scattering irradiance, D, for the domed3Building diffuse irradiance;
total solar irradiance G ═ I at each time1+D1
Step 5, calculating the potential of the solar energy, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) for each building point, accumulating the total solar irradiance at each moment according to time to obtain the annual irradiance of each building point, and recording the annual irradiance of the point i on the building surface x as
b) Calculating the average annual irradiance of each surface of the building and the average annual irradiance of the x surface of the building
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein N isxRepresents the number of building points on the building plane x;
c) calculating the total annual solar radiation of each building surface and the total annual solar radiation G of the building surface xXCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein D isxRepresents the surface area of the building plane x;
d) and summing the total annual solar radiation of all the building surfaces to obtain the total annual solar radiation G of the building, namely the solar potential of the building.
2. The method for calculating the three-dimensional solar potential of the building according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, a building three-dimensional vector model is sampled to obtain a building point cloud, the building point cloud is projected to a xoy plane, a grid is established, the density of the point cloud in the grid is counted, the point cloud with high density is judged as a vertical plane point cloud, the point cloud with low density is judged as a roof point cloud, and the roof point cloud and the vertical plane point cloud are normalized.
3. The method for calculating the three-dimensional solar potential of the building according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 4, θiIs calculated by the following formula:
wherein, delta is the declination angle of the sun, omega is the time angle,
β and α are building point latitudes, grades and azimuths, respectively.
4. The method for calculating the three-dimensional solar potential of the building according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: ring-day scattered irradiance D of building pointsd1Scattered irradiance D of domed2Building scattering irradiance Dd3Respectively obtained by the following formula:
Dd1＝2F1D(1-cosξ)χc(θi)
wherein, F1Is the ring-sun scattering irradiance coefficient, D is the scattering irradiance of the ground surface level, ξ is half of the included angle of the ring-sun area, chic(θi) Is the proportion of the area of the ring-sun scattered radiation seen at the building point P; k is the atmospheric transmission, ρ is the building surface reflection coefficient, GunshadedTotal irradiance, G, of building points without shadingshadedFor total irradiance of the occluded building points η is the slope difference between the building point to be calculated and the non-occluded building point.
5. The method for calculating the three-dimensional solar potential of the building according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: annual photovoltaic power generation E ═ PR of buildinghe.G, wherein PRhAnd e is the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation equipment.
6. The method for calculating the three-dimensional solar potential of the building according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: PRhThe value range of (a) is 0.75-0.85, when a commercial silicon solar cell is adopted, the value of e is 12% -15%, and when a high-efficiency silicon solar cell is adopted, the value of e is 18% -20%.
7. The method for calculating the three-dimensional solar potential of the building according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the value of n is 5 degrees, 6 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees or 12 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010078768.6A CN111079073A (en) | 2020-02-03 | 2020-02-03 | Building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010078768.6A CN111079073A (en) | 2020-02-03 | 2020-02-03 | Building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111079073A true CN111079073A (en) | 2020-04-28 |
Family
ID=70324144
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010078768.6A Pending CN111079073A (en) | 2020-02-03 | 2020-02-03 | Building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111079073A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111639381A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-08 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Urban building solar energy resource evaluation information system and working method thereof |
| CN111652975A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-11 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Method and system for evaluating available solar energy resources of urban building group |
| CN112035540A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-04 | 国核电力规划设计研究院重庆有限公司 | Complex terrain solar energy resource measuring method |
| CN112182714A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-05 | 南京大学 | Building solar energy potential calculation method considering pilot sight and weather conditions |
| CN112258649A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Three-dimensional urban solar radiation calculation method based on ray projection |
| CN114819450A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-07-29 | 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心 | Regional construction distributed photovoltaic potential evaluation method based on satellite remote sensing |
| CN114912066A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-16 | 南京知研科技有限公司 | Data processing method suitable for organic solar cell |
| CN115049520A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for calculating dynamic shielding coefficient of photovoltaic array to short-wave radiation |
| CN116452055A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-18 | 深圳大学 | Urban photovoltaic potential calculation method integrating surface grid model and deep learning |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103942420A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-23 | 北京大学 | Rapid estimation method for solar energy in construction size |
| WO2015157643A1 (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-10-15 | Vega-Avila Rolando | Solar energy forecasting |
-
2020
- 2020-02-03 CN CN202010078768.6A patent/CN111079073A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103942420A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-23 | 北京大学 | Rapid estimation method for solar energy in construction size |
| WO2015157643A1 (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-10-15 | Vega-Avila Rolando | Solar energy forecasting |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 许浩: "建筑三维模型重建及其太阳能利用潜力研究" * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111639381A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-08 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Urban building solar energy resource evaluation information system and working method thereof |
| CN111652975A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-11 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Method and system for evaluating available solar energy resources of urban building group |
| CN112035540A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-04 | 国核电力规划设计研究院重庆有限公司 | Complex terrain solar energy resource measuring method |
| CN112182714A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-05 | 南京大学 | Building solar energy potential calculation method considering pilot sight and weather conditions |
| CN112258649A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Three-dimensional urban solar radiation calculation method based on ray projection |
| CN114819450B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-11-18 | 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心 | Regional construction distributed photovoltaic potential evaluation method based on satellite remote sensing |
| CN114819450A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-07-29 | 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心 | Regional construction distributed photovoltaic potential evaluation method based on satellite remote sensing |
| CN115049520A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for calculating dynamic shielding coefficient of photovoltaic array to short-wave radiation |
| CN115049520B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-12-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for calculating dynamic shielding coefficient of photovoltaic array to short-wave radiation |
| CN114912066A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-16 | 南京知研科技有限公司 | Data processing method suitable for organic solar cell |
| CN114912066B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-27 | 南京知研科技有限公司 | Data processing method suitable for organic solar cell |
| CN116452055A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-18 | 深圳大学 | Urban photovoltaic potential calculation method integrating surface grid model and deep learning |
| CN116452055B (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-10-17 | 深圳大学 | Urban photovoltaic potential calculation method integrating surface grid model and deep learning |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111079073A (en) | Building three-dimensional solar potential calculation method | |
| Nguyen et al. | Incorporating shading losses in solar photovoltaic potential assessment at the municipal scale | |
| Li et al. | A pixel-based approach to estimation of solar energy potential on building roofs | |
| KR102321673B1 (en) | Apparatus for simulating photovoltaic and method thereof | |
| Martínez-Rubio et al. | Evaluating solar irradiance over facades in high building cities, based on LiDAR technology | |
| Li et al. | Estimating solar energy potentials on pitched roofs | |
| CA3173791A1 (en) | Automated three-dimensional building model estimation | |
| Li et al. | Improving the energy production of roof-top solar PV systems through roof design | |
| Yousuf et al. | Solar energy potential estimation by calculating sun illumination hours and sky view factor on building rooftops using digital elevation model | |
| CN108564299A (en) | A kind of photovoltaic resources appraisal procedure based on laser acquisition modeling | |
| Wieland et al. | Computing solar radiation on CityGML building data | |
| Ayodele et al. | Solar energy harvesting on building’s rooftops: A case of a Nigeria cosmopolitan city | |
| Alam et al. | Detecting shadow for direct radiation using CityGML models for photovoltaic potentiality analysis | |
| Saadaoui et al. | Using GIS and photogrammetry for assessing solar photovoltaic potential on Flat Roofs in urban area case of the city of Ben Guerir/Morocco | |
| CN114912370A (en) | Method for calculating available area for photovoltaic potential analysis of building | |
| CN114881399A (en) | Photovoltaic power generation potential and economy evaluation method based on GF7 remote sensing image | |
| Djafar et al. | Method to assess the potential of photovoltaic panel based on roof design | |
| Zubair et al. | Assessment of photovoltaic capabilities in urban environments: A case study of Islamabad, Pakistan | |
| Assouline et al. | A machine learning methodology for estimating roof-top photovoltaic solar energy potential in Switzerland | |
| CN112182714A (en) | Building solar energy potential calculation method considering pilot sight and weather conditions | |
| WO2023115740A1 (en) | Method and system for calculating solar radiation energy received by building | |
| CN113780795B (en) | Campus building photovoltaic potential assessment method based on parameterized analysis | |
| CN115098915A (en) | Method for optimizing arrangement of solar cell panels on roofs of parameterized buildings | |
| Gastelu et al. | Photovoltaic potential spatial estimation considering shading effects | |
| Braun | A Scalable Approach for Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Photovoltaic Electricity Potentials for Building Facades of Entire Cities |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20200428 |