CN111077375B - Online identification method for power grid impedance under background harmonic influence based on frequency domain subtraction - Google Patents

Online identification method for power grid impedance under background harmonic influence based on frequency domain subtraction Download PDF

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CN111077375B
CN111077375B CN201911280166.2A CN201911280166A CN111077375B CN 111077375 B CN111077375 B CN 111077375B CN 201911280166 A CN201911280166 A CN 201911280166A CN 111077375 B CN111077375 B CN 111077375B
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张兴
陈少龙
郭梓暄
潘海龙
付新鑫
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Hefei University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a power grid impedance online identification method under the influence of background harmonic waves based on frequency domain subtraction. According to the method, through once sampling, the disturbance component with the frequency equal to the background frequency f is injected and then sampled again, and the magnitude of the power grid impedance under the influence of background harmonic waves is estimated only by detecting the voltage and the current of the PCC point, so that the method is used for self-adaptive control of the inverter, the stability of a grid-connected system is improved, and meanwhile, the cost is not increased.

Description

Online identification method for power grid impedance under background harmonic influence based on frequency domain subtraction
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power grid quality analysis and signal processing, and particularly relates to an online identification method for accurately measuring power grid impedance through harmonic injection under the condition of considering background harmonic.
Background
With the fact that new energy power generation such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation occupies larger and larger proportion in a power system and the fact that the local consumption capacity of the new energy power generation is limited, long-distance power transmission is needed, and line inductive reactance is increased. For the inverter, the larger line impedance may reduce the stability of the grid-connected inverter, and may even cause instability. The inverter should therefore have the capability of estimating the grid impedance online.
In addition, due to the diversity and uncertainty of loads carried by the power grid, the power grid also contains abundant background harmonics besides fundamental waves. These background harmonics cause large errors in the conventional disturbance injection method measurement and may even result in erroneous grid impedance estimation. Based on the above two points, it is necessary to accurately measure the grid impedance under the condition of considering the background harmonic wave.
At present, there are many academic papers on online identification of grid impedance, for example:
1. an article entitled "a method for estimating the impedance of a power grid based on a complex filter and injection of non-characteristic subharmonics" ("power grid technology", 2013, No. 10, pages 2796-2801). By adopting the method for estimating the power grid impedance by injecting the non-characteristic subharmonic and extracting the injection harmonic response by using the complex filter, the influence of background harmonic existing in the power grid is not considered.
2. An article entitled "Grid impedance estimation for island detection and adaptive control of converters", a.ghamem, m.rashed, m.Sumner, m.a.Elsayes, and I.I.I.Mansy, IET Power Electronics, 2017: 1279-.
3. The invention patent document (publication number CN 110112776 a) in china, which is published in 2019, 8, 9, proposes a method for measuring the grid impedance by injecting a high-frequency voltage signal into the grid and extracting a high-frequency harmonic component by using a complex filter, in "a method for identifying the grid impedance of a grid-connected inverter considering the background harmonic of the grid". Although this method takes into account the background harmonic effects in the grid, the invention ignores the effects of lower frequency background harmonics that may be present by injecting a high frequency signal.
In view of the above documents, the prior art has the following disadvantages:
1. the existing power grid impedance estimation method based on non-characteristic subharmonic disturbance injection does not consider the influence of background harmonics contained in a power grid, and the power grid impedance estimation method under the condition that the background harmonics are not negligible needs to be researched.
2. In the existing method for considering the influence of background harmonic, injection, extraction and analysis of high-frequency harmonic voltage and current are adopted, and aliasing influence between background harmonic frequency and injection frequency is avoided, so that an impedance estimation method in the interaction of the background harmonic frequency and the injection frequency is necessary to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an online identification method for power grid impedance under the influence of background harmonic waves based on frequency domain subtraction. The power grid impedance estimated by the method is accurate, and the method can be used for adaptive control of the inverter, so that the stability of a grid-connected system is improved, and meanwhile, the cost is not increased.
The object of the invention is thus achieved. The invention provides a grid impedance online identification method under the influence of background harmonic waves based on frequency domain subtraction.A main circuit topological structure of a grid-connected inverter applying the method comprises a direct-current side voltage source, a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, a three-phase LC filter, three-phase grid impedance and a three-phase grid, wherein the direct-current side voltage source is connected with the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, and the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit is connected with the three-phase grid impedance through the three-phase LC filter and then is connected with the three-phase grid;
regularly carry out online discernment to the electric wire netting impedance under the influence of background harmonic, set for one in advance promptly and discern interval time T, discern interval time T and arrive, start sampling, disturbance injection, secondary sampling, electric wire netting impedance and discern on line:
specifically, the steps of the online identification period of the power grid impedance under the influence of background harmonic waves are as follows:
step 1, setting the grid connection of an inverter to be in a stable working state, sampling the voltage of an A-phase output end of a three-phase LC filter capacitor for one time, and recording the voltage as a PCC point A-phase voltage UPCC_A1Sampling the A-phase current flowing through the three-phase power grid impedance for one time, and recording as the A-phase current I of the PCC pointPCC_A1；
Step 2, setting that the power grid contains background harmonic waves, recording the frequency of the background harmonic waves as background frequency f, and carrying out phase voltage U on the PCC points A phase collected in the step 1PCC_A1Fourier analysis is carried out on the frequency point of the background frequency f to obtain a harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000031
Wherein U is1fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f without injected disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000032
Modulus of (e), thetau1fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f without injected disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000033
A phase angle; for the PCC point A phase current I acquired in the step 1PCC_A1Fourier analysis is carried out at the f frequency point to obtain a harmonic current vector with the frequency of f when disturbance is not injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000034
Wherein I1fIs a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000035
The value of the modulus of the (c) component,
Figure BDA0002316527870000036
is a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000037
The phase angle of (d);
step 3, injecting disturbance components with the frequency equal to the background frequency f into the inverter modulation wave signals, performing secondary sampling on the voltage of the A-phase output end of the three-phase LC filter capacitor, and recording the voltage as a secondary PCC point A-phase voltage UPCC_A2Secondly sampling the A-phase current flowing through the three-phase power grid impedance and recording the A-phase current as a secondary PCC point A-phase current IPCC_A2；
Step 4, carrying out phase voltage U of the secondary PCC point A phase obtained in the step 2PCC_A2Fourier analysis is carried out on frequency points of background frequency f to obtain harmonic voltage vector with frequency f when injection disturbance is carried out
Figure BDA0002316527870000041
Wherein U is2fIs a voltage vector of frequency f at the time of injection of a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000042
Modulus of (e), thetau2fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000043
The phase angle of (d); for the secondary PCC point A phase current I obtained in the step 2PCC_A2Fourier analysis is carried out on frequency points of background frequency f to obtain harmonic current vector with frequency f when disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000044
Wherein I2fIs a harmonic current vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000045
The value of the modulus of the (c) component,
Figure BDA0002316527870000046
is a harmonic current vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000047
The phase angle of (d);
step 5, recording the numerical value of the three-phase power grid impedance as an impedance value Z, and obtaining a harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f when disturbance is not injected in the step 2
Figure BDA0002316527870000048
And a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000049
The harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f during injection disturbance obtained in the step 4
Figure BDA00023165278700000410
And the harmonic current vector with frequency f when injecting disturbance
Figure BDA00023165278700000411
Calculating the impedance value Z according to the following formula:
Figure BDA00023165278700000412
wherein | Z | is a module value of the impedance value Z, and is a phase angle of the impedance value Z, RgIs a resistive component of the impedance value Z, LgIs the inductive component of the impedance value Z, j being the unit of an imaginary number, j2＝-1。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the online identification method for the power grid impedance under the influence of the background harmonic wave based on frequency domain subtraction, the power grid impedance can be accurately estimated by detecting the voltage and the current of the PCC point, and then the online identification method is used for self-adaptive control of an inverter and improves the stability of a grid-connected system;
2. according to the method, the harmonic voltage and current amplitude phase angle is measured and calculated twice by analyzing the characteristics of the voltage and current amplitude phase angle of the PCC point, so that the influence of background harmonic waves possibly existing in a power grid on power grid impedance identification is solved;
3. the method for identifying the power grid impedance on line under the influence of the background harmonic wave based on the frequency domain subtraction is only improved on the algorithm of the conventional power electronic converter system, and additional equipment such as a sensor and the like is not required to be added;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological diagram of a main circuit of a grid-connected inverter to which the method for online identification of grid impedance under the influence of background harmonics based on frequency domain subtraction is applied.
Fig. 2 is a comparative analysis diagram of the influence of power grid background harmonics on impedance measurement.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the modulus value | Z | and the impedance angle of the measured grid impedance Z.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the area a in fig. 3.
FIG. 5 shows the inductance L of the network impedance ZgPart and resistance RgPartial test patterns.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged partial view of region B in fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a topology structure diagram of a main circuit of a grid-connected inverter to which the present invention is applied, and as can be seen, the topology structure includes a dc-side voltage source 10, a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit 20, a three-phase LC filter 30, a three-phase grid impedance 40, and a three-phase grid 50.
The direct current side voltage source 10 is connected with a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit 20, and the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit 20 is connected with a three-phase power grid impedance 40 through a three-phase LC filter 30 and then is connected to a three-phase power grid 50. In FIG. 1, VdcIs a DC side voltage source 10, LfIs a bridge arm side inductance, C, of a three-phase LC filter 30fA filter capacitor of the three-phase LC filter 30, R a passive damping resistor of the three-phase LC filter 30, RgIs the resistance, L, in the three-phase line impedance 40gBeing the inductance in the three-phase Grid impedance 40, Grid is the three-phase Grid 50.
The main circuit parameters in this embodiment are: voltage V at DC sidedc800V, 380V/50Hz of rated output line voltage of the inverter, 100kW of rated power of the inverter and L of filter inductancef0.56mH, filter capacitance CfAnd the passive damping resistor r is 270uF/0.3 omega, and the inductance part L in the three-phase power grid impedanceg0.1mH and a resistive portion Rg＝0.1Ω。
The method for identifying the power grid impedance under the influence of the background harmonic wave based on the frequency domain subtraction regularly identifies the power grid impedance under the influence of the background harmonic wave on line, namely presetting an identification interval time T, starting primary sampling, disturbance injection, secondary sampling and power grid impedance on-line identification when the identification interval time T is up. In this embodiment, T is selected to be 16 fundamental period periods T0。
Specifically, the steps of the online identification period of the power grid impedance under the influence of background harmonic waves are as follows:
step 1, setting the grid connection of the inverter to be in a stable working state, sampling the voltage of an A-phase output end of a capacitor of a three-phase LC filter 30 for one time, and recording the voltage as a PCC point A-phase voltage UPCC_A1The phase a current flowing through the three-phase grid impedance 40 is sampled once and is recorded as a PCC point phase a current IPCC_A1；
Step 2, setting that the power grid contains background harmonic waves, recording the frequency of the background harmonic waves as background frequency f, and carrying out A-phase voltage on the PCC points acquired in the step 1UPCC_A1Fourier analysis is carried out on the frequency point of the background frequency f to obtain a harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000061
Wherein U is1fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f without injected disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000062
Modulus of (e), thetau1fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f without injected disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000063
A phase angle; for the PCC point A phase current I acquired in the step 1PCC_A1Fourier analysis is carried out at the f frequency point to obtain a harmonic current vector with the frequency of f when disturbance is not injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000064
Wherein I1fIs a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000065
The value of the modulus of the (c) component,
Figure BDA0002316527870000066
is a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000067
The phase angle of (d);
step 3, injecting disturbance components with the frequency equal to the background frequency f into the inverter modulation wave signal, performing secondary sampling on the voltage of the A-phase output end of the capacitor of the three-phase LC filter 30, and recording the voltage as the secondary PCC point A-phase voltage UPCC_A2The phase-A current flowing through the three-phase grid impedance 40 is subsampled and recorded as the secondary PCC point phase-A current IPCC_A2；
Step 4, carrying out phase voltage U of the secondary PCC point A phase obtained in the step 2PCC_A2Fourier analysis is carried out on frequency points of background frequency f to obtain the harmonic of frequency f when the disturbance is injectedWave voltage vector
Figure BDA0002316527870000071
Wherein U is2fIs a voltage vector of frequency f at the time of injection of a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000072
Modulus of (e), thetau2fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000073
The phase angle of (d); for the secondary PCC point A phase current I obtained in the step 2PCC_A2Fourier analysis is carried out on frequency points of background frequency f to obtain harmonic current vector with frequency f when disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000074
Wherein I2fIs a harmonic current vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000075
The value of the modulus of the (c) component,
Figure BDA0002316527870000076
is a harmonic current vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure BDA0002316527870000077
The phase angle of (d);
step 5, recording the numerical value of the three-phase power grid impedance 40 as an impedance value Z, and obtaining a harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f when disturbance is not injected in the step 2
Figure BDA0002316527870000078
And a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure BDA0002316527870000079
The harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f during injection disturbance obtained in the step 4
Figure BDA00023165278700000710
And the harmonic current vector with frequency f when injecting disturbance
Figure BDA00023165278700000711
Calculating the impedance value Z according to the following formula:
Figure BDA00023165278700000712
wherein | Z | is a module value of the impedance value Z, and is a phase angle of the impedance value Z, RgIs a resistive component of the impedance value Z, LgIs the inductive component of the impedance value Z, j being the unit of an imaginary number, j2＝-1。
For example, the validity of the invention is verified by simulation verification.
Fig. 2 is a comparative analysis diagram of the influence of power grid background harmonics on impedance measurement. As can be seen from fig. 2, the power grid impedance is measured by using the conventional disturbance injection method, and it can be seen that the power grid impedance can be accurately measured when the background harmonic is not considered; however, background harmonic waves appear suddenly on the power grid, so that the impedance of the power grid is measured suddenly, and errors occur in measurement.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a measured modulus | Z | and impedance angle of the grid impedance Z, and fig. 4 is an enlarged portion of the area a in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, by measuring the background harmonic information, the influence of the background harmonic on impedance identification is eliminated, and the obtained power grid impedance is relatively accurate.
FIG. 5 shows the inductance L of the network impedance ZgPart and resistance RgA partial test chart, fig. 6 is an enlarged partial view of the area B in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the method of the present invention can also accurately measure the magnitudes of the inductive component and the resistive component in the power grid impedance.

Claims (1)

1. A grid-connected inverter main circuit topological structure applying the method comprises a direct current side voltage source (10), a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit (20), a three-phase LC filter (30), a three-phase grid impedance (40) and a three-phase grid (50), wherein the direct current side voltage source (10) is connected with the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit (20), and the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit (20) is connected with the three-phase grid impedance (40) through the three-phase LC filter (30) and then is connected with the three-phase grid (50);
the method is characterized in that the online identification is carried out on the power grid impedance under the influence of background harmonic wave at regular time, namely, an identification interval time T is preset, the identification interval time T is up, and the online identification of primary sampling, disturbance injection, secondary sampling and power grid impedance is started:
specifically, the steps of the online identification period of the power grid impedance under the influence of background harmonic waves are as follows:
step 1, setting the grid connection of an inverter to be in a stable working state, sampling the voltage of an A-phase output end of a capacitor of a three-phase LC filter (30) for one time, and marking as a PCC point A-phase voltage UPCC_A1The phase A current flowing through the three-phase network impedance (40) is sampled once and is recorded as the phase A current I of the PCC pointPCC_A1；
Step 2, setting that the power grid contains background harmonic waves, recording the frequency of the background harmonic waves as background frequency f, and carrying out phase voltage U on the PCC points A phase collected in the step 1PCC_A1Fourier analysis is carried out on the frequency point of the background frequency f to obtain a harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure FDA0002703878310000011
Wherein U is1fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f without injected disturbance
Figure FDA0002703878310000012
Modulus of (e), thetau1fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f without injected disturbance
Figure FDA0002703878310000013
A phase angle; for the PCC point A phase current I acquired in the step 1PCC_A1Fourier analysis is carried out at the f frequency point to obtain a harmonic current vector with the frequency of f when disturbance is not injected
Figure FDA0002703878310000014
Wherein I1fIs a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure FDA0002703878310000015
The value of the modulus of the (c) component,
Figure FDA0002703878310000016
is a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure FDA0002703878310000017
The phase angle of (d);
and 3, injecting disturbance components with the frequency equal to the background frequency f into the inverter modulation wave signal, performing secondary sampling on the voltage of the A-phase output end of the capacitor of the three-phase LC filter (30) and recording the voltage as the secondary PCC point A-phase voltage UPCC_A2The phase-A current flowing through the three-phase network impedance (40) is subsampled and recorded as a secondary PCC point phase-A current IPCC_A2；
Step 4, carrying out phase voltage U of the secondary PCC point A phase obtained in the step 3PCC_A2Fourier analysis is carried out on frequency points of background frequency f to obtain harmonic voltage vector with frequency f when injection disturbance is carried out
Figure FDA0002703878310000021
Wherein U is2fIs a voltage vector of frequency f at the time of injection of a disturbance
Figure FDA0002703878310000022
Modulus of (e), thetau2fIs a harmonic voltage vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure FDA0002703878310000023
The phase angle of (d); for the secondary PCC point A phase current I obtained in the step 3PCC_A2Fourier analysis is carried out on frequency points of background frequency f to obtain harmonic current vector with frequency f when disturbance is injected
Figure FDA0002703878310000024
Wherein I2fIs a harmonic current vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure FDA0002703878310000025
The value of the modulus of the (c) component,
Figure FDA0002703878310000026
is a harmonic current vector of frequency f when injecting a disturbance
Figure FDA0002703878310000027
The phase angle of (d);
step 5, recording the numerical value of the three-phase power grid impedance (40) as an impedance value Z, and obtaining a harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f when disturbance is not injected in the step 2
Figure FDA0002703878310000028
And a harmonic current vector of frequency f when no disturbance is injected
Figure FDA0002703878310000029
The harmonic voltage vector with the frequency f during injection disturbance obtained in the step 4
Figure FDA00027038783100000210
And the harmonic current vector with frequency f when injecting disturbance
Figure FDA00027038783100000211
Calculating the impedance value Z according to the following formula:
Figure FDA00027038783100000212
wherein | Z | is a module value of the impedance value Z, and is a phase angle of the impedance value Z, RgIs a resistive component of the impedance value Z, LgIs the inductive component of the impedance value Z, j being the unit of an imaginary number, j2＝-1。
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