CN111077106A - Method for grading alfalfa hay quality by using near infrared method experimental data - Google Patents
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- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003333 near-infrared imaging Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for classifying alfalfa hay quality by using experimental data of a near infrared method, which comprises a sampling step, a powder sample step and a detection step, wherein in the sampling step, handles at two sides of a sampler are held by hands, then a sampling pipe arranged at the front end of the sampler is deeply inserted into a bundle of sample pastures, in the powder sample step, a pasture sample in a sample bag is added into a crushing cavity from the upper end of small pasture crushing equipment, the pasture sample in the crushing cavity is conveyed into a storage cloth bag sleeved on a discharge hole of the small pasture crushing equipment through a discharge hole arranged on the side wall of the small pasture crushing equipment after being crushed, then the storage cloth bag is transferred into the sample bag, in the detection step, a pasture sample with the height of about 1/2 is added into the sample cup from the sample bag, then the sample is compacted and the sample is clicked to connect with a scanning sample option on a host computer, in a word, the invention has the advantages of high detection speed, low detection cost, safe detection process and good detection effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alfalfa hay processing equipment, and particularly belongs to a method for grading alfalfa hay quality by using near infrared method experimental data.
Background
Alfalfa is known as the king of pasture, not only has high yield, but also has good quality, various livestock and poultry like to eat, alfalfa components play a very important role in the subsequent use process, the existing alfalfa basic analysis as the pasture at least comprises dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ADF, NDF, ADP and some mineral substances, generally measured parameters calculated by digestibility and energy availability and the like, the traditional detection method of the data is to detect by a wet chemical method, various chemical reagents are used in the detection process, harmful chemical substances are involved in certain procedures, the cost of protective measures in the use process is high, the chemical reagents are expensive, and if the traditional wet chemical analysis is adopted, the feedback data must be obtained within a period of several days, which means that the result of the tested pasture can limit the implementation of the formula in time, and the result of preparing the feed cannot be obtained in time, which causes a lot of adverse effects on the final data of the pasture grass detection; therefore, a novel alfalfa hay quality grading method is urgently needed, which can simultaneously detect multiple ingredient indexes, effectively utilize expensive feed supplements and animal performance, quickly and quantitatively test the content of each index to balance the nutritional value of the alfalfa hay in real time, and further more accurately and precisely control the animal feed ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method for grading the quality of the alfalfa hay by using the near infrared method experimental data is provided, and the technical problems that the existing traditional detection method is low in detection speed, high in detection cost, high in safety risk degree and capable of contacting harmful substances in the detection process are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for grading the quality of alfalfa hay by using near infrared experimental data comprises the following steps:
1) and a sampling step, wherein handles on two sides of the sampler are held by hands, then the sampling tube arranged at the front end of the sampler is inserted into the bundle of the forage grass, the crushed grass in the forage grass enters the sample storage bottle positioned at the rear end of the sampler along the sampling tube along with the insertion of the sampler, and the handles on two sides of the sampler are operated to insert the sampler for multiple times, so that enough forage grass samples are obtained in the sample storage bottle. Then the sample storage bottle at the rear end of the sampler is taken out in a rotating mode, and the pasture sample in the sample storage bottle is led into the sample bag.
2) And a powder sample step, namely adding the forage grass samples in the sample bag into a crushing cavity from a feed inlet at the upper end of small-sized forage grass crushing equipment, conveying the forage grass samples in the crushing cavity into a storage cloth bag sleeved on a discharge outlet of the small-sized forage grass crushing equipment through a discharge outlet arranged on the side wall of the small-sized forage grass crushing equipment after crushing, collecting enough forage grass samples in the storage cloth bag, pouring the forage grass samples in the storage cloth bag on traditional Chinese medicine packaging paper, stirring the forage grass samples on the traditional Chinese medicine packaging paper by using a stirring rod, uniformly spreading the forage grass samples, and transferring the forage grass samples into the sample bag.
3) Selecting a proper sample cup according to the difference between the sample type and the sample state, selecting a proper sample adaptation ring according to the sample cup type, fixing the proper sample adaptation ring on jacks with the same color through a rotary fixing plate, adding a pasture grass sample with the height of about 1/2 from a sample bag into the sample cup, shaking the sample cup left and right to uniformly distribute the pasture grass sample in the sample cup, compacting the sample by using a cup cover, placing the sample cup with the pasture grass sample on the sample adaptation ring, clicking a sample scanning option on a near infrared spectrometer connected host to scan, and taking out the sample cup after scanning.
Further, in the sample step, the sampler takes a sample in the sample pasture and grass bale of difference, and the sampling tube rotates with the main part of sampler to be connected, and the rear end of sampling tube is deepened the sampler and is connected with the sample storage bottle that sets up at sample chamber rear end through setting up the inside sample chamber of sampler, and sample storage bottle rotates with the rear end of sampler to be connected.
Further, in the sampling step, the sampler is upwards arranged according to the sampling tube in the process of disassembling the sample storage bottle, the sample storage bottle is placed in the downward direction and horizontally rotated, and the disassembly of the sample storage bottle is completed.
Furthermore, in the powder sample step, be provided with the decurrent hopper down of slope on small-size forage grass crushing apparatus's the feed inlet, the feed inlet is wide and the end opening is narrow, and the end opening of hopper is passed through the feed inlet and is located the inside crushing chamber intercommunication of small-size forage grass crushing apparatus down, and the hookup location of hopper and feed inlet down is provided with the feeding apron that can reciprocate and shelter from the feed inlet.
Furthermore, in the step of powder sample, an annular support frame covering a discharge port of the small-size pasture grass smashing equipment is arranged on the side wall of the small-size pasture grass smashing equipment, a feed port of a storage cloth bag extends into the inside of the annular support frame and covers the discharge port of the small-size pasture grass smashing equipment, and the storage cloth bag is connected with the annular support frame through a binding rope.
Furthermore, in the step of powder sample, a handheld friction part is arranged at the top of the stirring rod, and a material guide hole which transversely penetrates through the stirring rod along the direction perpendicular to the stirring direction is arranged at the bottom of the stirring rod.
Further, in the detecting step, the sample cup comprises a big cup and a gold-plated plate small cup, the big cup is suitable for the granular or powdery solid sample, the gold-plated plate small cup is suitable for the transparent liquid, the sample adapter ring comprises a black adapter ring and a red adapter ring, the black adapter ring is matched with the big cup, and the red adapter ring is matched with the gold-plated plate small cup.
Further, in the detection step, the near infrared spectrometer is preheated for 30 minutes before use, and the sample cup is wiped by a soft rag before and after use.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the pasture grass sample taking device, a sampler is used for taking samples on a bundle of sample pasture grass, handles arranged on two sides of the sampler are used for facilitating operation, a sampling pipe is used for facilitating extraction of pasture grass samples, a sampling cavity is used for storing and conveying pasture grass samples, a sample storage bottle is used for storing the pasture grass samples, the pasture grass samples are conveyed to a sample bag by disassembling the sample storage bottle after a certain amount of the pasture grass samples are stored, the transmission of the next procedure is facilitated, the sampling efficiency in the whole sampling step is high, the sampling is convenient, and the testing results of the pasture grass samples can be closer to the actual situation by uniformly sampling in different sample pasture grass bundles.
2. In the invention, the forage grass samples are further crushed by small-sized forage grass crushing equipment to be crushed into a granularity suitable for a near-infrared spectrometer, the feeding hopper is adopted to conveniently feed materials into a crushing cavity in the small-sized forage grass crushing equipment, the connecting position of the feeding hopper and the feeding hole is covered by the feeding cover plate, the forage grass samples can not flow out from the feeding hole in the process of crushing the forage grass samples by controlling the feeding cover plate, the storing cloth bag is fixed by the annular support frame, the storing cloth bag is not required to be held by hands in the process of pulverizing, the operation amount of users is reduced, the crushed forage grass samples discharged from the crushing cavity are stored by the storing cloth bag, the forage grass samples can be treated in batches, the transportation is carried out, the forage grass samples are stirred on the traditional Chinese medicine packing paper by the stirring rod, the forage grass samples can be uniformly opened, and, through be provided with the guide hole that crosses the stirring rod along the perpendicular to direction of stirring in the bottom at the stirring rod, make things convenient for user of service's operation, the guide hole also makes things convenient for the forage grass sample to pass through at the stirring in-process, is convenient for spread out the forage grass sample that becomes the heap.
3. According to the invention, a near-infrared spectrometer is adopted to detect the pasture grass samples, a large cup and a small gold-plated plate cup are adopted to adapt to different sample types and sheep states, the sample adapter rings with different colors are arranged to facilitate the connection of the sample adapter rings and a rotary fixing plate, the cleanness of the sample cup is ensured by wiping with a soft cleaning cloth before the sample cup is used, the detection effect is ensured, the pasture grass samples with the cup height of about 1/2 are added into the sample cup, the sample cup is shaken from side to side, the pasture grass samples are uniformly distributed in the sample cup, and the bottom of the sample cup is enabled to uniformly cover the pasture grass samples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near infrared spectrometer;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of a small pasture grass crushing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a stir bar;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the sampler body and the handle.
The labels in the figure are: 1-sampling tube, 2-handle, 3-sampling cavity, 4-sample storage bottle, 5-sampler main body, 6-small pasture grass crushing equipment, 7-blanking hopper, 8-crushing cavity, 9-feeding cover plate, 10-annular support frame, 11-storage cloth bag, 12-stirring rod, 13-handheld friction part, 14-material guide hole, 15-near infrared spectrometer, 16-sample cup, 17-sample adapter ring and 18-cup cover.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a method for classifying alfalfa hay quality using near infrared experimental data, comprising a sampling step, a powder sample step and a detection step, wherein in the sampling step, a bundle of sample pasture is sampled mainly by a sampler, the sampler comprises a sampling tube 1, a handle 2, a sampling cavity 3, a sample storage bottle 4 and a sampler main body 5, the sampling cavity 3 is arranged inside the sampler main body 5, the rear end of the sampling tube 1 is detachably connected with the sampler main body 5, the sampling tube 1 can be detached by the rotation of the sampling tube 1, thereby facilitating the replacement of the sampling tube 1, the rear end of the sampling tube 1 extends into the sampler main body 5 and is communicated with the sampling cavity 3, the handle 2 is two and is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the sampler main body 5, the sample storage bottle 4 is arranged at the rear end of the sampler main body 5 and is rotatably connected with the sampler main body 5, the sample storage bottle 4 is communicated with the rear end of the sampling tube 1 through the sampling cavity 3, in the sampling step, handles 2 at two sides of the sampler main body 5 are held by hands, then the sampling tube 1 arranged at the front end of the sampler main body 5 is inserted into the bundle of the sample pasture, and the uniform sampling is carried out in different sample grazing bales, the crushed aggregates in the grazing enter into the sample storage bottle 4 positioned at the rear end of the sampler main body 5 along the sampling tube 1 along with the insertion of the sampler, the sampler is inserted into the sample pasture bale for a plurality of times by operating the handles 2 at the two sides of the sampler main body 5, so that enough pasture samples are obtained in the sample storage bottle 4, then the sample storage bottle 4 at the rear end of the sampler main body 5 is taken out in a rotating way, in the process of disassembling the sample storage bottle 4, the sampler is upwards arranged according to the sampling tube 1, the sample storage bottle 4 is horizontally rotated in the downward direction of the sample storage bottle 4, the disassembly of the sample storage bottle 4 is completed, and the pasture sample in the sample storage bottle 4 is led into the sample bag.
The pasture sample in the sample bag is moved to the position of the small pasture smashing equipment 6, and the pasture sample is smashed mainly through the small pasture smashing equipment 6 in the step of sample powdering. Be provided with down hopper 7 of slope on small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6's the feed inlet, the feed inlet is wide and the end opening is narrow on the feed inlet, the end opening of hopper 7 passes through the feed inlet and is located the inside crushing chamber 8 intercommunication of small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6, thereby conveniently feed in to the inside crushing chamber 8 of small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6, hopper 7 can be followed small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6's upper portion simultaneously and can overturn and open, make things convenient for the clearance and the maintenance of forage grass sample, the hookup location of hopper 7 and feed inlet down is provided with can reciprocate and shelter from the feed cover board 9 of feed inlet, can not fly out from the feed inlet at the in-process of smashing the forage grass sample through control feed cover board 9. Be provided with the annular bracing frame 10 that covers small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6 discharge gate on the lateral wall of small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6, the feed inlet of storage sack 11 is gone deep into the inside of annular bracing frame 10 and is covered on the discharge gate of small-size forage grass crushing apparatus 6, and storage sack 11 is connected with annular bracing frame 10 through tying up the rope, can be at powder appearance in-process need not hand-held storage sack 11, reduces user of service's operation volume. The pasture sample in the sample bag is added into a crushing cavity 8 from a feed inlet at the upper end of small pasture crushing equipment 6, then the pasture sample is crushed in the crushing cavity 8 after the feed inlet is sealed by a feed cover plate 9, the pasture sample in the crushing cavity 8 is conveyed into a storage cloth bag 11 sleeved on a discharge outlet of the small pasture crushing equipment 6 through a discharge outlet arranged on the side wall of the small pasture crushing equipment 6 after being crushed, when the storage cloth bag 11 collects enough pasture samples, the storage cloth bag 11 is fixed by detaching a binding rope to contact with an annular support frame 10. Then pour the forage grass sample in the storage sack 11 on traditional chinese medicine wrapping paper, and stir with stirring rod 12 on traditional chinese medicine wrapping paper and can evenly spread out the forage grass sample, then transport in the sample bag, in the powder appearance step, the top of stirring rod 12 is provided with handheld friction portion 13, the bottom of stirring rod 12 is provided with and crosses guide hole 14 of stirring rod 12 along perpendicular to direction of stirring, facilitate user's operation, guide hole 14 also makes things convenient for the forage grass sample to pass through at the stirring in-process, is convenient for spreading out the forage grass sample of piling up.
In the detection step, the near infrared spectrometer 15 is first preheated for 30 minutes, in this embodiment, the model of the near infrared spectrometer 15 is SpectraStar2500XL3, an appropriate sample cup 16 is selected according to the type and state of the sample, the sample cup 16 comprises a large cup and a gold-plated small cup, the large cup is suitable for the granular or powdery solid sample, the gold-plated small cup is suitable for the transparent liquid, then an appropriate sample adapting ring 17 is selected according to the type of the sample cup 16, the sample adapting ring 17 comprises a black adapting ring and a red adapting ring, the black adapting ring is used by the large cup, the red adapting ring is used by the gold-plated small cup, the appropriate sample adapting ring 17 is fixed on a jack with the same color through a rotary fixing plate, then the sample cup 16 is soft-wiped before being used, the grass sample cup 16 is added into the sample cup 16 from the sample bag by about 1/2 cup height, the sample cup 16 is shaken from left to right to enable pasture grass samples to be uniformly distributed in the sample cup 16, then the sample is compacted by the cup cover 18, then the sample cup 16 filled with the pasture grass samples is placed on the sample adapting ring 17, then the sample scanning option of the near-infrared spectrometer 15 connected with the host computer is clicked to scan, the sample cup 16 is taken out after the scanning is finished, and the detection result of the near-infrared spectrometer 15 is uploaded or printed according to the requirement after being processed. In a word, the invention has the advantages of high detection speed, low detection cost, safe detection process and good detection effect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for grading the quality of alfalfa hay by using near infrared experimental data is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) and a sampling step, wherein handles on two sides of the sampler are held by hands, then the sampling tube arranged at the front end of the sampler is inserted into the bundle of the forage grass, the crushed grass in the forage grass enters into a sample storage bottle positioned at the rear end of the sampler along the sampling tube along with the insertion of the sampler, and the sampler is inserted into the sample forage grass bundle for multiple times by operating the handles on two sides of the sampler, so that enough forage grass samples are obtained in the sample storage bottle. Then the sample storage bottle at the rear end of the sampler is taken out in a rotating mode, and the pasture sample in the sample storage bottle is led into the sample bag.
2) And a powder sample step, namely adding the forage grass samples in the sample bag into a crushing cavity from a feed inlet at the upper end of small-sized forage grass crushing equipment, conveying the forage grass samples in the crushing cavity into a storage cloth bag sleeved on a discharge outlet of the small-sized forage grass crushing equipment through a discharge outlet arranged on the side wall of the small-sized forage grass crushing equipment after crushing, collecting enough forage grass samples in the storage cloth bag, pouring the forage grass samples in the storage cloth bag on traditional Chinese medicine packaging paper, stirring the forage grass samples on the traditional Chinese medicine packaging paper by using a stirring rod, uniformly spreading the forage grass samples, and transferring the forage grass samples into the sample bag.
3) Selecting a proper sample cup according to the difference between the sample type and the sample state, selecting a proper sample adaptation ring according to the sample cup type, fixing the proper sample adaptation ring on jacks with the same color through a rotary fixing plate, adding a pasture grass sample with the height of about 1/2 from a sample bag into the sample cup, shaking the sample cup left and right to uniformly distribute the pasture grass sample in the sample cup, compacting the sample by using a cup cover, placing the sample cup with the pasture grass sample on the sample adaptation ring, clicking a sample scanning option on a near infrared spectrometer connected host to scan, and taking out the sample cup after scanning.
2. The method of claim 1 for alfalfa hay quality grading using near infrared experimental data, comprising: in the sample step, the sampler takes a sample in the sample pasture bale of difference, the sampling tube rotates with the main part of sampler to be connected, and the rear end of sampling tube gos deep into the sampler and is connected with the sample storage bottle that sets up at sample chamber rear end through setting up the inside sampler chamber of sampler, the sample storage bottle rotates with the rear end of sampler to be connected.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the sampling step, the sampler is upwards arranged according to the sampling tube in the process of disassembling the sample storage bottle, the sample storage bottle is placed in the downward direction and horizontally rotated, and the disassembly of the sample storage bottle is completed.
4. The method of claim 1 for alfalfa hay quality grading using near infrared experimental data, comprising: in the powder appearance step, be provided with the decurrent hopper down of slope on small-size forage grass crushing apparatus's the feed inlet, the feed inlet is wide and the end opening is narrow, and the end opening of hopper is passed through the feed inlet and is located the inside crushing chamber intercommunication of small-size forage grass crushing apparatus down, the hookup location of hopper and feed inlet is provided with the feeding apron that can reciprocate and shelter from the feed inlet down.
5. The method of claim 1 for alfalfa hay quality grading using near infrared experimental data, comprising: in the powder sample step, an annular support frame covering a discharge port of the small-size pasture grass smashing equipment is arranged on the side wall of the small-size pasture grass smashing equipment, a feed port of the storage cloth bag extends into the annular support frame and covers the discharge port of the small-size pasture grass smashing equipment, and the storage cloth bag is connected with the annular support frame through a binding rope.
6. The method of claim 1 for alfalfa hay quality grading using near infrared experimental data, comprising: in the step of powder sampling, a handheld friction part is arranged at the top of the stirring rod, and a material guide hole which transversely penetrates through the stirring rod along the direction perpendicular to the stirring direction is arranged at the bottom of the stirring rod.
7. The method of claim 1 for alfalfa hay quality grading using near infrared experimental data, comprising: in the detection step, the sample cup comprises a large cup and a gold-plated plate small cup, the large cup is suitable for a granular or powdery solid sample, the gold-plated plate small cup is suitable for a transparent liquid, the sample adapter ring comprises a black adapter ring and a red adapter ring, the black adapter ring is matched with the large cup for use, and the red adapter ring is matched with the gold-plated plate small cup for use.
8. The method of claim 1 for alfalfa hay quality grading using near infrared experimental data, comprising: in the detection step, the near infrared spectrometer is preheated for 30 minutes before use, and the sample cup is wiped by a soft rag before and after use.
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