CN111076569A - Co2Closed cooling tower checking method for gas cooling - Google Patents
Co2Closed cooling tower checking method for gas cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN111076569A CN111076569A CN201811219178.XA CN201811219178A CN111076569A CN 111076569 A CN111076569 A CN 111076569A CN 201811219178 A CN201811219178 A CN 201811219178A CN 111076569 A CN111076569 A CN 111076569A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
- F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a Co2The method for checking the closed cooling tower for gas cooling is based on the environmental meteorological conditions and Co2The parameters of inlet state, target cooling parameter, existing tower type, spray water quantity of cooling tower and wind quantity of blower fan, etc. are calculated by using basic formula of heat transfer theory and horizontal pipe Co2Heat transfer and mass transfer empirical formula is used for thermal analysis and Co calculation2And the gas outlet temperature verifies the cooling capacity of the closed cooling tower and guides the design and optimization of the closed cooling tower. In addition, the invention provides a mature calculation method for a special closed cooling tower consisting of heat exchangers, provides a mature closed tower check calculation theory for the production of the conventional unconventional closed tower, verifies the rationality of the closed tower design, improves the heat exchange efficiency, reduces the production cost and saves the operation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The checking calculation method is suitable for Co2A checking process of a closed cooling tower for gas cooling belongs to the field of cooling tower design.
Background
The closed cooling tower has a good cooling effect, the cooling medium is not in direct contact with the outside, the cleanness of the cooling medium is guaranteed, and the closed cooling tower has a wide market prospect in the fields of air-conditioning refrigeration and chemical industry. However, the domestic closed-type tower checking method is not mature, many manufacturers only design and produce according to engineering experience or a heat exchanger design method, and the cooling performance of the closed-type cooling tower cannot be guaranteed without a checking process. In particular, for Co2Closed cooling tower for gas cooling, and the physical parameters of the tower are special, so that the meter is checked at presentThe calculation method is not mature, and a complete set of checking method and steps are needed to verify the cooling performance of the closed cooling tower.
Conventional closed column thermodynamic analysis focuses on heat transfer calculations. In the actual heat transfer process, besides heat transfer calculation, more heat of a medium in the pipe is transferred to air by vaporization latent heat of spray water, and the air takes away the heat, so that heat transfer and mass transfer analysis of the spray water and the air outside the pipe is also an indispensable part of closed cooling tower thermal analysis, but integration and consideration of the heat transfer analysis and the mass transfer analysis are often lacked in conventional checking calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention is Co2The method for checking closed cooling tower for gas cooling uses energy conservation and heat and mass transfer basic formula to make the fluid in pipe Co2And the closed cooling tower of the gas carries out thermal analysis, verifies the cooling capacity of the closed cooling tower and guides the optimization design of the closed cooling tower.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following design: co2The method for checking the closed cooling tower for gas cooling comprises the following steps:
co2The method for checking the closed cooling tower for gas cooling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: determining a single tower cooling task: single tower Co2Flow rate of cooling gas Q, Co2Pressure P of cooling gas1，Co2Cooling gas inlet temperature T1Temperature T at tower exit2；
S2: determining environmental meteorological conditions: the ambient atmospheric pressure Pa, the ambient air dry bulb temperature theta and the ambient air wet bulb temperature tau are calculated according to a thermodynamic calculation formulaiMoisture content x of air entering the toweriDry bulb temperature corresponds to the partial pressure p of saturated steamθWet bulb temperature corresponds to the partial pressure p of saturated steamτDensity of wet air entering tower rhoiAir entering the tower has enthalpy value hi；
S3: determining structural parameters and tower type parameters of the coil pipe; the structural parameters of the coil pipe comprise: the heat exchanger comprises a pipe type, a coil pipe outer diameter, a coil pipe wall thickness, an arrangement mode, the number of coil pipes in each process, the length of a single-layer coil pipe, a pipe center distance, a heat exchanger length, a heat exchanger width and a heat exchanger height. Tower type parameters: tower length, tower width and tower height;
s4: determining the air volume V of a single-tower fanaObtaining the values of the head-on wind speed and the wind speed among pipes;
s5: assuming the average temperature t of the spray waterwCalculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference △ Tm；
S6: determining the spraying water volume V of a single towerwCalculating the water distribution density vw；
S7: calculating heat transfer coefficient Ko'; respectively calculating the heat exchange coefficient h between the outer surface of the tube and the spray water according to the heat transfer theory basic formula by the determined heat exchanger structure, the spray water amount and the fan air amountoIn tubes Co2Convective heat transfer coefficient h between gas and wall surfaceiThermal conduction resistance R of pipe wallpThermal resistance to fouling of inner wall of coil pipe RiThermal resistance to fouling of coil outer wall RpThe total heat transfer coefficient of the coil is calculated by the following formula:
；
s8: and calculating the mass transfer coefficient. Obtaining a mass transfer coefficient k according to the convective heat transfer coefficient a' between the spray water and the airm；
S9: calculating the cooling area of the wet area; estimating the cooling area of the wet area according to the water film spraying area;
s10: calculating the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTU; calculating the water film area cooling number and the heat transfer unit number according to the heat exchange coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient of the coil;
s11: checking the spraying water temperature; calculating the spraying water temperature t according to the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTUw’；
S12: checking and calculating the spraying water temperature tw' and assuming the average temperature t of the shower waterwIf the calculated spraying water temperature is not equal to the assumed spraying water temperature, returning to S5 to assume the spraying water temperature again until the calculated spraying water temperature and the assumed spraying water temperature are equal;
s13: when the condition of S12 is satisfiedCalculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2’；
S13: when the condition of S12 is satisfied, Co is calculated2Gas outlet temperature T2’；
S14: comparative calculation of Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' with design outlet temperature T2(ii) a If calculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' less than or equal to design outlet temperature T2Or within a certain error range, the designed air quantity, the sprayed water quantity and the heat exchange coil pipe strip can meet the cooling requirement, and the tower is reasonable in design; if calculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' greater than design outlet temperature T2If the error range is exceeded, the air quantity and the spraying water quantity of the fan are selected to be incapable of meeting the cooling requirement under the condition of the heat exchange coil, and the design of the tower is unreasonable;
s15: and outputting the checking result, and ending.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is to Co2The checking calculation method of the closed cooling tower for gas cooling not only comprises the traditional heat exchanger thermodynamic calculation, but also considers the mass transfer process of spray water in a wet area, adds mass transfer analysis, verifies the cooling capacity of the closed cooling tower, guides the design and optimization of the closed cooling tower, adopts the iterative calculation idea, assumes the temperature of fluid in a pipe and the average temperature of the spray water, determines the equivalent parameters of the cooling temperature of the fluid in the pipe, the average temperature of the spray water and air out of the tower through repeated iteration, and verifies the rationality of the design of the closed cooling tower. The method provides a mature checking calculation theory for the production of the existing closed cooling tower, verifies the rationality of the closed tower design, improves the design efficiency and ensures the operation safety of equipment.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a Co of the present invention2The flow schematic diagram of the closed cooling tower checking method for gas cooling.
Detailed Description
S1: defining a single towerAnd (3) cooling task: single tower Co2Flow rate of cooling gas Q, Co2Pressure P of cooling gas1，Co2Cooling gas inlet temperature T1Temperature T at tower exit2；
S2: determining environmental meteorological conditions: the ambient atmospheric pressure Pa, the ambient air dry bulb temperature theta and the ambient air wet bulb temperature tau are calculated according to a thermodynamic calculation formulaiMoisture content x of air entering the toweriDry bulb temperature corresponds to the partial pressure p of saturated steamθWet bulb temperature corresponds to the partial pressure p of saturated steamτDensity of wet air entering tower rhoiAir entering the tower has enthalpy value hi；
S3: determining structural parameters and tower type parameters of the coil pipe; the structural parameters of the coil pipe comprise: the heat exchanger comprises a pipe type, a coil pipe outer diameter, a coil pipe wall thickness, an arrangement mode, the number of coil pipes in each process, the length of a single-layer coil pipe, a pipe center distance, a heat exchanger length, a heat exchanger width and a heat exchanger height. Tower type parameters: tower length, tower width and tower height;
s4: determining the air volume V of a single-tower fanaObtaining the values of the head-on wind speed and the wind speed among pipes;
s5: assuming the average temperature t of the spray waterwCalculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference △ Tm；
S6: determining the spraying water volume V of a single towerwCalculating the water distribution density vw；
S7: calculating heat transfer coefficient Ko'; respectively calculating the heat exchange coefficient h between the outer surface of the tube and the spray water according to the heat transfer theory basic formula by the determined heat exchanger structure, the spray water amount and the fan air amountoIn tubes Co2Convective heat transfer coefficient h between gas and wall surfaceiThermal conduction resistance R of pipe wallpThermal resistance to fouling of inner wall of coil pipe RiThermal resistance to fouling of coil outer wall RpThe total heat transfer coefficient of the coil is calculated by the following formula:
；
s8: calculating a mass transfer coefficient; obtaining a mass transfer coefficient k according to the convective heat transfer coefficient a' between the spray water and the airm；
S9: calculating the cooling area of the wet area; estimating the cooling area of the wet area according to the water film spraying area;
s10: calculating the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTU; calculating the water film area cooling number and the heat transfer unit number according to the heat exchange coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient of the coil;
s11: checking the spraying water temperature; calculating the spraying water temperature t according to the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTUw’；
S12: checking and calculating the spraying water temperature tw' and assuming the average temperature t of the shower waterwIf the calculated spraying water temperature is not equal to the assumed spraying water temperature, returning to S5 to assume the spraying water temperature again until the calculated spraying water temperature and the assumed spraying water temperature are equal;
s13: when the condition of S12 is satisfied, Co is calculated2Gas outlet temperature T2’；
S13: when the condition of S12 is satisfied, Co is calculated2Gas outlet temperature T2’；
S14: comparative calculation of Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' with design outlet temperature T2；
If calculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' less than or equal to design outlet temperature T2Or within a certain error range, the designed air quantity, the sprayed water quantity and the heat exchange coil pipe strip can meet the cooling requirement, and the tower is reasonable in design;
if calculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' greater than design outlet temperature T2If the error range is exceeded, the air quantity and the spraying water quantity of the fan are selected to be incapable of meeting the cooling requirement under the condition of the heat exchange coil, and the design of the tower is unreasonable;
s15: and outputting the checking result, and ending.
Example 1.
Closed tower operating mode: single tower Co2Cooling gas flow rate 1500m3H, inlet pressure: 3MPa, the gas inlet temperature is 52 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 40 ℃;
determining meteorological conditions: the dry bulb temperature is 31.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is 28 ℃, and the atmospheric pressure is 99.4 kPa; calculating relative humidity0.7678, moisture content of air entering the tower is 0.023kg/kg (DA), dry bulb temperature corresponds to saturated steam partial pressure of 4.62kPa, wet bulb temperature corresponds to saturated steam partial pressure of 3.778kPa, and density of wet air entering the tower is 1.124kg/m3The enthalpy of air entering the tower is 90.556 kJ/kg;
determining structural parameters and tower type parameters of the coil pipe; the material is as follows: galvanized steel pipe, 25X 1.5mm, 4.5m long, 1 layer of pipe per pass, 40 pipes per pass, 20 passes in total, and 282.74m heat exchange area2(ii) a Tower type parameters: the length of the tower is 4.58m, the width of the tower is 2m, and the height of the tower is 4.5 m;
design fan air volume 200000m3H, calculating the head-on wind speed m/s and the inter-pipe flow velocity Ga=7.53m/s；
Determining the spray water amount of 88m3Calculating the water distribution density to be 3.05kg/(m ∙ h);
assuming that the average temperature of the spray water is 28 ℃ of wet bulb temperature, calculating physical parameters of the spray water at the temperature;
calculating a heat exchange coefficient Ko'; heat transfer coefficients 1832.116w/(m ℃) of the outer surface of the elliptical tube and spray water are respectively calculated according to a basic formula of heat transfer science, convective heat transfer coefficients 32.875w/(m ℃) of cooling water in the tube and the wall surface are obtained, and thermal conduction resistance 0.00007199(m ℃) of the tube wall and total heat transfer coefficient of the coil are obtained by neglecting tube wall fouling resistance and total heat transfer coefficient of the tube wall (m ℃)/w
w/(m²℃)；
Calculating the cooling area of the wet area; comprehensively considering the coil structure and the amount of sprayed water to estimate the cooling area of the wet area to be 248.097m2；
Calculating a mass transfer coefficient; according to the convective heat transfer system 11603w/(m DEG C) between spray water and air, calculating the mass transfer coefficient 0.648 kg/(m DEG C);
calculating the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTU; calculating the number NTU =1.440 of heat transfer units according to the heat exchange coefficient of the coil, and calculating the cooling number Mw =5.510 of the water film area according to the mass transfer coefficient;
checking the spraying water temperature; calculating the spray water temperature by using Mw and NTU to be 95.578 ℃, wherein the spray water temperature is unequal to the assumed spray water average temperature of 28 ℃, and assuming the spray water temperature again until the spray water temperature is close to the assumed spray water average temperature, and the spray water temperature is 28.818 ℃ when the spray water temperature is equal to the assumed spray water average temperature;
when t isw=twCalculation of Co at' time2The gas outlet temperature is 36.934 ℃, and the tower Co is required to be discharged2The gas deviation is-3.066 ℃, which is lower than the required temperature of the closed tower, but the margin is too large, and an optimization suggestion is given: the air quantity or the spraying water quantity of the fan is reduced;
and finishing checking and calculating.
Having shown and described the basic principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that the embodiments be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in all respects, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may include only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art will be able to make the description as a whole, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. Co2The method for checking the closed cooling tower for gas cooling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: determining a single tower cooling task: single tower Co2Flow rate of cooling gas Q, Co2Pressure P of cooling gas1，Co2Cooling gas inlet temperature T1Temperature T at tower exit2；
S2: determining environmental meteorological conditions: ambient atmospheric pressure Pa, ambient air dry bulb temperature theta, ambient air wet bulb temperatureTau, calculating the relative humidity phi according to a thermodynamic calculation formulaiMoisture content x of air entering the toweriDry bulb temperature corresponds to the partial pressure p of saturated steamθWet bulb temperature corresponds to the partial pressure p of saturated steamτDensity of wet air entering tower rhoiAir entering the tower has enthalpy value hi；
S3: determining structural parameters and tower type parameters of the coil pipe;
the structural parameters of the coil pipe comprise: the heat exchanger comprises a pipe type, a coil pipe outer diameter, a coil pipe wall thickness, an arrangement mode, the number of coil pipes in each process, the length of a single-layer coil pipe, a pipe center distance, a heat exchanger length, a heat exchanger width and a heat exchanger height;
tower type parameters: tower length, tower width and tower height;
s4: determining the air volume V of a single-tower fanaObtaining the values of the head-on wind speed and the wind speed among pipes;
s5: assuming the average temperature t of the spray waterwCalculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference △ Tm；
S6: determining the spraying water volume V of a single towerwCalculating the water distribution density vw；
S7: calculating heat transfer coefficient Ko’；
Respectively calculating the heat exchange coefficient h between the outer surface of the tube and the spray water according to the heat transfer theory basic formula by the determined heat exchanger structure, the spray water amount and the fan air amountoIn tubes Co2Convective heat transfer coefficient h between gas and wall surfaceiThermal conduction resistance R of pipe wallpThermal resistance to fouling of inner wall of coil pipe RiThermal resistance to fouling of coil outer wall RpThe total heat transfer coefficient of the coil is calculated by the following formula:
；
s8: calculating a mass transfer coefficient;
obtaining a mass transfer coefficient k according to the convective heat transfer coefficient a' between the spray water and the airm；
S9: calculating the cooling area of the wet area;
estimating the cooling area of the wet area according to the water film spraying area;
s10: calculating the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTU;
calculating the water film area cooling number and the heat transfer unit number according to the heat exchange coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient of the coil;
s11: checking the spraying water temperature;
calculating the spraying water temperature t according to the water film area cooling number Mw and the heat transfer unit number NTUw’；
S12: checking and calculating the spraying water temperature tw' and assuming the average temperature t of the shower waterwIf the calculated spraying water temperature is not equal to the assumed spraying water temperature, returning to S5 to assume the spraying water temperature again until the calculated spraying water temperature and the assumed spraying water temperature are equal;
s13: when the condition of S12 is satisfied, Co is calculated2Gas outlet temperature T2’；
S14: comparative calculation of Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' with design outlet temperature T2；
If calculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' less than or equal to design outlet temperature T2Or within a certain error range, the designed air quantity, the sprayed water quantity and the heat exchange coil pipe strip can meet the cooling requirement, and the tower is reasonable in design;
if calculating Co2Gas outlet temperature T2' greater than design outlet temperature T2If the error range is exceeded, the air quantity and the spraying water quantity of the fan are selected to be incapable of meeting the cooling requirement under the condition of the heat exchange coil, and the design of the tower is unreasonable;
s15: and outputting the checking result, and ending.
2. Co according to claim 12The check method of the closed cooling tower for gas cooling is characterized in that: assuming the average temperature of the spray water in the steps S5-S12, calculating the heat transfer coefficient, the mass transfer coefficient and the cooling area of the wet area, particularly the cooling number Mw of the water film area and the number NTU of the heat transfer units, calculating the checking temperature of the spray water, and Co2Calculation of gas outlet temperature.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113847704A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-28 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | Fault judgment method of air conditioning unit |
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| CN113847704A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-28 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | Fault judgment method of air conditioning unit |
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