CN111075390A - Visual experimental device and experimental method based on adherent drilling well sealing effect evaluation - Google Patents
Visual experimental device and experimental method based on adherent drilling well sealing effect evaluation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111075390A CN111075390A CN202010044237.5A CN202010044237A CN111075390A CN 111075390 A CN111075390 A CN 111075390A CN 202010044237 A CN202010044237 A CN 202010044237A CN 111075390 A CN111075390 A CN 111075390A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
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Abstract
The invention relates to a visual experimental device and an experimental method for evaluating well plugging effect based on adherent drilling, wherein the visual experimental device for evaluating the well plugging effect based on the adherent drilling comprises an injected well, a stratum simulation device, a pressurizing device, a cement slurry pump injection system, a cement stirring tank, a cement slurry visual monitoring system and a computer control system, wherein the stratum simulation device is arranged between the injected well and consists of a shale core at the upper part and a perforation section at the lower part; the injection well to be injected, the injection well and the stratum simulation device are arranged in the visual frame, the cement stirring tank is connected with an annular inlet of the injection well through a cement paste pumping system, an outlet at the bottom of the injection well is communicated with a perforation section of the stratum simulation device, and the perforation section of the stratum simulation device is communicated with the annular bottom inlet of the injection well; the upper end surface of the mudstone core is provided with a pressurizing device. The invention can simulate the effect of replacing and plugging difficult wells with different cement formulas, different stratum characteristics and different well type structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for researching an oil field adherent drilling technology, in particular to a visual experimental device and an experimental method for evaluating a well sealing effect based on adherent drilling.
Background
In the actual production process of an oil field, the difficult casing and well returning caused by stratum collapse caused by creep expansion of a mudstone layer stratum and mudstone spitting in a casing and a stratum annulus always troubles the water injection development and high-efficiency production of the oil field, and particularly can cause groundwater resource pollution to influence the ecological environment and the life safety. However, the existing technical problems cannot be thoroughly solved by the conventional overhaul means at present. Therefore, the effective blocking of the annulus between the cement casing and the stratum is an effective technical means for preventing and inhibiting stratum collapse, mud spitting and the like. Therefore, in order to effectively solve the problem well of this type, a relief well construction mode needs to be adopted, namely a new borehole is drilled near the problem well to treat the problem well, the technology is called an adherent drilling technology, the new borehole is drilled through the adherent drilling technology, and a U-shaped channel is formed between the new borehole and the borehole of the problem well. The two wellbore passages communicate through perforations in the reservoir. By injecting cement slurry into a new borehole, the cement slurry is injected into a problem well casing and a formation annulus through a perforation hole to realize effective plugging. However, the plugging effect of cement paste in the annulus cannot be observed in the actual production process, so that a visual test device capable of simulating the plugging effect needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visual experimental device for evaluating the well-plugging effect based on adherent drilling, which is used for solving the problems that the stratum collapses due to creep expansion of a mudstone layer section and the lower shaft cannot be effectively plugged due to mudstone spitting caused by the fact that a difficult well does not form effective plugging in the production process of an oil field is solved and observed; the invention further aims to provide an experimental method of the visual experimental device based on the adherent drilling well-sealing effect evaluation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the visual experimental device for evaluating the well sealing effect based on adherent drilling comprises an injected well, an injection well, a stratum simulation device, a pressurizing device, a cement slurry pumping system, a cement stirring tank, a cement slurry visual monitoring system, a computer control system and a visual frame body, wherein the stratum simulation device is arranged between the injected well and the injection well and consists of a mudstone core at the upper part and a perforation section at the lower part, and the perforation section is provided with a plurality of perforations; the injection well, the injection well and the stratum simulation device are arranged in the visual frame, the cement stirring tank is connected with an annular inlet of the injection well through a cement slurry pumping system, the annular inlet of the injection well is arranged on one side close to the injection well, an outlet at the bottom of the injection well is communicated with a perforation section of the stratum simulation device, the perforation section of the stratum simulation device is communicated with the annular inlet at the bottom of the injected well, and an outlet at the upper end of the injected well is connected with a waste recovery system through an injection pipeline; a pressurizing device is arranged on the upper end surface of the mudstone core;
the injection well is composed of an outer shaft, an inner shaft and a plugging device, an annulus is formed between the outer shaft and the inner shaft, the outer shaft and the inner shaft are both made of organic glass materials, the plugging device is arranged in the inner shaft, when cement slurry is injected from an annulus inlet of the injection well and reaches the bottom of the well, part of the cement slurry returns upwards through the inner shaft, the plugging device blocks the cement slurry returning upwards and plugs a returning channel, so that a certain pressure is formed, and when the cement slurry is continuously injected, the whole cement slurry is injected into the annulus of the well through perforations of a perforation section;
the injected well is also composed of a transparent outer well shaft and a transparent inner well shaft, a sensing device is arranged in the annular space of the injected well, the sensing device is arranged in the annular space near the injected well and is higher than the position of a mudstone core creep section, when cement slurry reaches the position of the sensing device, warning information is displayed through a computer control system, meanwhile, the operation of a cement slurry pump injection system is suspended, and the injection of the cement slurry is stopped; the movable hinge device is arranged at the bottom of the outer shaft of the injected well, the outer shaft is moved through the movable hinge device, and the annular distance of the injected well and the annular inclination angle of the injected well are controlled to simulate annuluses with different sizes;
the cement slurry visual monitoring system, the sensing device, the cement slurry pumping system and the cement stirring tank are all connected with the computer control system and are controlled by the computer control system.
Set up small-size vertical cement agitating unit in the cement agitator tank in the above-mentioned scheme, set up the output control valve on the cement agitator tank output line.
The water slurry pump injection system in the scheme comprises a high-pressure pump, a pressure gauge, a high-pressure-resistant delivery pipeline, a flowmeter and an injection control valve.
The cement slurry visual monitoring system in the scheme comprises a high-definition camera.
Waste recovery system includes cement recovery jar, recovery control valve in the above-mentioned scheme.
The experiment method of the visual experiment device based on the adherent drilling well sealing effect evaluation comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting a pressure value of a required pressurizing device on a computer control system, starting the pressurizing device, pressurizing a mudstone core in a stratum simulation device, and simultaneously recording by using a high-definition camera;
the second step is that: in the pressurizing process, setting the required cement paste concentration in a computer control system, then injecting water and cement powder which are prepared according to a set proportion into a cement stirring tank, and uniformly stirring;
the third step: setting the required annulus size and inclination angle of the injected well in a computer control system, then starting a movable hinge device, and moving according to the set distance and angle to form the required annulus size of the injected well;
the fourth step: after cement slurry in the cement stirring tank is stirred, setting a required discharge capacity value in a computer control system, starting a pump, and injecting the cement slurry from an annular inlet of an injection well at a certain pump injection discharge capacity;
the fifth step: observing that cement slurry enters an annular bottom inlet of an injected well from a perforation, performing displacement plugging on a creep-occurring plugging section of a shale core, and simultaneously recording a displacement plugging process by using a high-definition camera;
and a sixth step: when the liquid level of the cement paste contacts the sensing device, the computer control system displays a warning interface, and simultaneously controls the cement paste pumping system to stop running and stop the injection of the cement paste;
the seventh step: and (4) treating residual cement slurry waste materials after the experiment is finished in a waste recovery system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can simulate the creep process of the mudstone layer section under different pressures.
2. The invention can truly simulate the construction process of plugging the annulus by cement and treating mud spitting rocks by using rescue well operation in an oil field.
3. The invention can simulate the effect of replacing and plugging difficult wells with different cement formulas, different stratum characteristics and different well type structures.
4. The invention can simulate the experimental effect of slurry displacement plugging under the condition of different annular sizes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-high definition camera; 2-a waste recovery system; 3-a recovery control valve; 4-an internal wellbore; 5-an outer wellbore; 6-a sensing device; 7-a mudstone interval; 8-a flow meter; 9-a pressure gauge; 10-a pump; 11-a cement mixing tank; 12-a computer control system; 13-an occlusion device; 14-a perforation segment; 15-a movable hinge device; 16-a pressurizing device; 17 visualization frame.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1, the visual experimental apparatus for evaluating the well-sealing effect based on adherent drilling comprises an injected well, a stratum simulation apparatus, a pressurizing apparatus 17, a cement slurry pumping system, a cement stirring tank 11, a cement slurry visual monitoring system and a computer control system 12, wherein the stratum simulation apparatus is arranged between the injected well and the injected well, the stratum simulation apparatus consists of a shale rock core at the upper part and a perforation section 14 at the lower part, and the perforation section 14 is provided with a plurality of perforations; the injection well, and the stratum simulator are provided in the visualization housing 17. The cement stirring tank 11 is connected with an injection well annulus inlet through a cement paste pumping system, the injection well annulus inlet is arranged on one side close to the injected well, an outlet at the bottom of the injection well is communicated with a perforation section 14 of a stratum simulation device, the perforation section 14 of the stratum simulation device is communicated with the inlet at the bottom of the injected well annulus, and an outlet at the upper end of the injected well is connected with the waste recovery system 2 through an injection pipeline; the upper end surface of the mudstone core is provided with a pressurizing device 16, and the pressurizing device 16 applies pressure to the mudstone core from the upper end surface of the mudstone core so that the mudstone core creeps.
The injection well system consists of an outer wellbore 5, an inner wellbore 4 and a plugging device 13, the plugging device 13 being fixed by rivets. An annular space with a certain distance is formed between the combination of the external shaft 5 and the internal shaft 4 and is used for simulating a real shaft, and the shaft is made of organic glass materials, so that the experimental observation is facilitated. The plugging device 13 is placed in the inner shaft 4 and has the function that when cement slurry is injected from the left annular inlet, part of cement can flow upwards through the inner shaft 4 when the cement slurry reaches the bottom of the shaft, at the moment, the plugging device 13 can block the upwards-returning cement slurry and does not continue to flow upwards, and an upwards-returning channel is plugged, so that a certain pressure is formed, and when the cement slurry is continuously injected, the cement slurry can be completely injected into the left annular of the injection well system through the perforation.
The injected well system consists of an outer shaft 5, an inner shaft 4, a sensing device 6 and a movable hinge device 15, wherein the sensing device 6 is arranged above a section with mudstone creep in the right annular space and has the function of displaying warning information through a computer system when cement reaches the position of the sensing device 6 and simultaneously suspending the operation of a cement slurry pumping system to stop the injection of the cement slurry. The purpose of the moveable hinge means 15 is to move the outer wellbore 5, control the annulus distance and annulus tilt angle, for simulating annuli of different sizes.
The formation simulator is mainly used for simulating a creep stage of a shale formation interval, the upper part is a shale core, the lower part is a perforation section 14, and different types of formations and different numbers of perforations can be simulated.
The cement slurry pumping system consists of a flowmeter 8, a pressure gauge 9, an injection control valve and a pump 10; the formation simulator system consists of a mudstone interval 7 and a perforation segment 14. The cement slurry monitoring system consists of a high-definition camera 1.
During the experiment, the pressure value of the pressurizing device 16 is set on the computer control system 12, and the pressurizing device 16 is started to pressurize the mudstone interval 7 (the mudstone core) so that the mudstone core generates creep deformation. And shooting and recording the compression creep process of the mudstone through a transparent organic glass shaft by using a high-definition camera 1. After the mudstone creep is finished, the cement paste concentration required to be configured is set in the computer control system 12, and the cement stirring tank 11 is started to inject the set water quantity and the cement powder mass to stir the cement paste with a certain concentration. After stirring, set up required grout injection volume numerical value in computer control system 12, start pump machine 10 with certain discharge capacity with the grout inject into the left side annular of well, partial grout is injected into the right side annular of being injected into the well through perforation section 14 in, in the inside pit shaft 4 of partial injection well, the plugging device 13 of inside pit shaft will inject the grout separation, no longer upward return, form certain pressure for the grout of later injection all injects perforation section 14. When the cement slurry level reaches the sensing device 6, the computer control system 12 will send out warning display, and at the same time, the operation of the cement slurry pumping system is suspended, and the injection of cement slurry is stopped. And a high-definition camera 1 is used for recording the displacement effect of cement paste with certain discharge capacity on the creep blockage part of the annular mudstone observed from the transparent organic glass shaft on the right side of the injected well system. After the experiment is finished, the recovery control valve 3 is started, and the waste cement slurry is discharged into the waste recovery system 2 through the injection pipeline.
The visual experimental apparatus for evaluating the well sealing effect based on the adherent drilling mainly comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting the pressure value of the required pressurizing device 16 on the computer control system 12, and starting the pressurizing device to pressurize the shale interval in the formation simulation device. While recording with the high definition camera 1.
The second step is that: in the pressurizing process, the required cement slurry concentration is set in the computer control system 12, and then the cement stirring tank 11 is filled with the corresponding water quantity and cement powder according to the set proportion for uniform stirring.
The third step: the desired annulus size and inclination angle of the injected well is set in the computer control system 12. Then, the movable hinge device 15 is started to move according to the set distance and angle to form the required annular size.
The fourth step: after the cement slurry in the cement mixing tank 11 is mixed, the required displacement value is set in the computer control system 12. The pump 10 is activated to inject cement slurry from the annulus on the left side of the injection well at a certain pump displacement.
The fifth step: and observing the right annular space of the cement slurry entering the injected well from the perforation, performing displacement plugging on the section of the mudstone subjected to creep plugging, and recording the displacement plugging process by using the high-definition camera 1.
And a sixth step: when the cement slurry level contacts the sensing device 6, the computer control system 12 displays a warning interface, and the computer control system 12 stops the pumping system through the corresponding pipeline to stop the injection of the cement slurry.
The seventh step: and injecting the residual cement slurry waste materials after the experiment is finished into a waste recovery device through a pipeline for treatment.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a visual experimental apparatus of well plugging effect evaluation based on adherence drilling, its characterized in that: the visual experimental device for evaluating the well sealing effect based on adherent drilling comprises an injected well, an injection well, a stratum simulation device, a pressurizing device (16), a cement slurry pumping system, a cement stirring tank (11), a cement slurry visual monitoring system and a computer control system (12), wherein the stratum simulation device is arranged between the injected well and the injection well, the stratum simulation device consists of a mudstone core at the upper part and a perforation section (14) at the lower part, the perforation section (14) is provided with a plurality of perforations, and the injected well, the injection well and the stratum simulation device are arranged in a visual frame body (17); the cement stirring tank (11) is connected with an injection well annulus inlet through a cement paste pumping system, the injection well annulus inlet is arranged on one side close to the injected well, an outlet at the bottom of the injection well is communicated with a perforation section (14) of a stratum simulation device, the perforation section (14) of the stratum simulation device is communicated with the inlet at the bottom of the injected well annulus, and an outlet at the upper end of the injected well is connected with the waste recovery system (2) through an injection pipeline; a pressurizing device (16) is arranged on the upper end surface of the mudstone core;
the injection well is composed of an external shaft (5), an internal shaft (4) and a plugging device (13), an annulus is arranged between the external shaft (5) and the internal shaft (4), the external shaft (5) and the internal shaft (4) are both made of organic glass materials, the plugging device (13) is arranged in the internal shaft (4), when cement slurry is injected from an annular inlet of the injection well and reaches the bottom of the well, part of the cement slurry returns upwards through the internal shaft (4), the plugging device (13) blocks the cement slurry returning upwards and plugs an upward return channel, so a certain pressure is formed, and when the cement slurry is continuously injected, the cement slurry is injected into the annular space of the well through perforation of a perforation section (14);
the injected well is also composed of a transparent outer well shaft (5) and a transparent inner well shaft (4), a sensing device (6) is arranged in the annular space of the injected well, the sensing device (6) is arranged in the annular space close to the injected well and higher than the position of a mudstone core creep section, when the cement slurry reaches the position of the sensing device (6), warning information is displayed through a computer control system (12), meanwhile, the operation of a cement slurry pumping system is suspended, and the injection of the cement slurry is stopped; a movable hinge device (15) is arranged at the bottom of the external shaft (5) of the injected well, the external shaft (5) is moved through the movable hinge device (15), and the annular distance and the annular inclination angle of the injected well are controlled to simulate annuluses with different sizes;
the cement slurry visual monitoring system, the sensing device (6), the cement slurry pumping system and the cement stirring tank (11) are all connected with the computer control system (12) and are controlled by the computer control system (12).
2. The visual experimental device for evaluating the well sealing effect based on the adherent drilling according to claim 1, wherein: the cement mixing tank (11) is internally provided with a small vertical cement mixing device, and an output control valve is arranged on an output pipeline of the cement mixing tank.
3. The visual experimental device for evaluating the well sealing effect based on the adherent drilling according to claim 2, wherein: the cement slurry pumping system comprises a high-pressure pump, a pressure gauge (9), a high-pressure-resistant conveying pipeline, a flowmeter (8) and an injection control valve.
4. The visual experimental device for evaluating the well sealing effect based on the adherent drilling according to claim 3, wherein: the cement slurry visual monitoring system comprises a high-definition camera (1).
5. The experimental method of the visual experimental device for evaluating the well-sealing effect based on the adherent drilling according to claim 4, wherein:
the first step is as follows: setting a pressure value of a required pressurizing device on a computer control system (12), starting the pressurizing device, pressurizing a mudstone core in a stratum simulation device, and simultaneously recording by using a high-definition camera (1);
the second step is that: in the pressurizing process, setting the required cement paste concentration in a computer control system (12), and then injecting water and cement powder which are configured according to a set proportion into a cement stirring tank (11) for uniform stirring;
the third step: setting the required annulus size and inclination angle of the injected well in a computer control system (12), then starting a movable hinge device (15), and moving according to the set distance and angle to form the required annulus size of the injected well;
the fourth step: after cement slurry in a cement stirring tank (11) is stirred, setting a required discharge value in a computer control system (12), starting a pump (10), and injecting the cement slurry from an annular inlet of an injection well at a certain pump injection discharge;
the fifth step: observing that cement slurry enters an annular bottom inlet of an injected well from a perforation, performing displacement plugging on a creep-occurring plugging section of a shale core, and simultaneously recording a displacement plugging process by using a high-definition camera (1);
and a sixth step: when the liquid level of the cement paste contacts the sensing device (6), the computer control system (12) displays a warning interface, and simultaneously the computer control system (12) controls the cement paste pumping system to stop running and stop the injection of the cement paste;
the seventh step: the residual cement slurry waste after the experiment is finished is processed in a waste recovery system (2).
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