CN111074670A - Preparation method of high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111074670A CN111074670A CN201911395622.8A CN201911395622A CN111074670A CN 111074670 A CN111074670 A CN 111074670A CN 201911395622 A CN201911395622 A CN 201911395622A CN 111074670 A CN111074670 A CN 111074670A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- paperboard
- regenerated
- starch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/22—Proteins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging, belonging to the technical field of regenerated paper and comprising the following steps: firstly, 20-30 parts by weight of starch, 1-3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 2-4 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 90-110 parts by weight of water are added into a container together for reaction at 70-90 ℃ for 2-4h, then 3-5 parts by weight of styrene, 2-6 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of ammonium persulfate are added for reaction at 70-80 ℃ for 4-6h, and the modified oxidized starch is obtained for later use after cooling. The recycled paperboard disclosed by the invention has the advantages of good mechanical strength, flexibility and water resistance, long service life and good durability, and is suitable for being used as a carton packaging material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycled paper, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof recycled paperboard for carton packaging.
Background
At present, the paper making industry in China is developing in the direction of reducing pollution, saving energy, fully utilizing fiber resources and the like. The recycled paper is produced by taking waste paper as a raw material through more than ten working procedures of sorting, purifying, pulping, papermaking and the like, is beneficial to protecting the environment and saving resources, and has great market development potential. At present, most of the regeneration technologies of waste paper are pulp making and then paper board is used for processing into cartons. The strength of the fiber is reduced due to the influence of illumination, bacteria, mildew and the like in the use process of the waste paper, the waste paper is easy to break, and the mechanical strength and the service life of a recycled paper product as a raw material are influenced; in addition, the recycled paper boxes have poor water resistance, so that the application range of the recycled paper boxes in the fields of packaging and the like is limited. In order to improve the use performance, the improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging, which comprises the steps of treating starch with hydrogen peroxide to obtain oxidized starch, carrying out graft copolymerization on the oxidized starch and styrene and butyl acrylate to obtain oxidized starch latex, mixing the oxidized starch latex with paper pulp, collagen and aluminum sulfate to obtain regenerated paperboard slurry, and forming to prepare the regenerated paperboard. Due to the synergistic effect of the chelation of collagen and aluminum ions, the cross-linking between the collagen and the oxidized starch latex and the complexation between the aluminum ions and the oxidized starch latex of page 1/2 3CN107034735A3, the collagen, the oxidized starch latex and the aluminum ions can be well compatible to form a stable system, the uniformity and compactness of the regenerated paperboard can be improved, the binding capacity with the paper pulp fiber is strong, and the performance of the regenerated paper pulp fiber can be repaired through the effective binding with the regenerated paper pulp fiber, so that the strength and the durability of the regenerated paperboard are enhanced; meanwhile, the toughness of the regenerated paperboard is improved by the collagen, and the water resistance and the mechanical strength of the regenerated paperboard are improved by introducing aluminum ions. The recycled paperboard obtained by the invention has good mechanical strength, flexibility and water resistance, long service life and good durability, and is suitable for being used as a carton packaging material.
The specific technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging, which comprises the following steps
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, adding 20-30 parts by weight of starch, 1-3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 2-4 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 90-110 parts by weight of water into a container together for reacting for 2-4h at 70-90 ℃, then adding 3-5 parts by weight of styrene, 2-6 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of ammonium persulfate for reacting for 4-6h at 70-80 ℃, and cooling to obtain modified oxidized starch for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing 40-60 parts by weight of regenerated paper pulp subjected to impurity removal and filtration treatment and 30-50 parts by weight of plant fiber paper pulp in a pulping machine, adding 4-7 parts by weight of filler, 3-6 parts by weight of modified oxidized starch obtained in the step (1) and 1-2 parts by weight of collagen, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry mixture;
(3) mixing 60-80 parts by weight of the slurry mixture obtained in the step (2) with 0.3-0.5 part by weight of aluminum sulfate, and uniformly stirring at 30-40 ℃ to obtain paperboard slurry;
(4) and (4) inputting the paperboard slurry obtained in the step (3) to a paperboard forming machine for processing, and then drying the obtained paperboard to obtain the high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging.
The starch is one or mixture of corn starch, cassava starch or yam starch.
The mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 40-50%.
The plant fiber paper pulp is bleached hardwood pulp or reed pulp.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention treats starch with hydrogen peroxide to obtain oxidized starch, and the oxidized starch latex is obtained through graft copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate, and then the oxidized starch latex is mixed with paper pulp, collagen and aluminum sulfate to obtain regenerated paperboard slurry, and the regenerated paperboard is prepared through molding. Due to the synergistic effect of the chelation of collagen and aluminum ions, the cross-linking between the collagen and the oxidized starch latex and the complexation between the aluminum ions and the oxidized starch latex of page 1/2 3CN107034735A3, the collagen, the oxidized starch latex and the aluminum ions can be well compatible to form a stable system, the uniformity and compactness of the regenerated paperboard can be improved, the binding capacity with the paper pulp fiber is strong, and the performance of the regenerated paper pulp fiber can be repaired through the effective binding with the regenerated paper pulp fiber, so that the strength and the durability of the regenerated paperboard are enhanced; meanwhile, the toughness of the regenerated paperboard is improved by the collagen, and the water resistance and the mechanical strength of the regenerated paperboard are improved by introducing aluminum ions. The recycled paperboard obtained by the invention has good mechanical strength, flexibility and water resistance, long service life and good durability, and is suitable for being used as a carton packaging material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
A preparation method of a high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, adding 30 parts by weight of starch, 3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 4 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 110 parts by weight of water into a container together for reaction at 90 ℃ for 4 hours, then adding 5 parts by weight of styrene, 6 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 0.5 part by weight of ammonium persulfate for reaction at 80 ℃ for 6 hours, and cooling to obtain modified oxidized starch for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing 60 parts by weight of regenerated paper pulp subjected to impurity removal and filtration treatment and 50 parts by weight of plant fiber paper pulp in a pulping machine, adding 7 parts by weight of filler, 6 parts by weight of modified oxidized starch obtained in the step (1) and 2 parts by weight of collagen, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry mixture;
(3) mixing 80 parts by weight of the slurry mixture obtained in the step (2) with 0.5 part by weight of aluminum sulfate, and uniformly stirring at 40 ℃ to obtain paperboard slurry;
(4) and (4) inputting the paperboard slurry obtained in the step (3) to a paperboard forming machine for processing, and then drying the obtained paperboard to obtain the high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging.
The starch is yam starch.
The mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 40.
The plant fiber paper pulp is bleached hardwood pulp.
In summary, the following steps: the invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging, which comprises the steps of treating starch with hydrogen peroxide to obtain oxidized starch, carrying out graft copolymerization on styrene and butyl acrylate to obtain oxidized starch latex, mixing the oxidized starch latex with paper pulp, collagen and aluminum sulfate to obtain regenerated paperboard slurry, and forming to prepare the regenerated paperboard. Due to the synergistic effect of chelation of collagen and aluminum ions, crosslinking between the collagen and the oxidized starch latex and complexation between the aluminum ions and the oxidized specification 1/2 page 3CN107034735A3 starch latex, the collagen, the oxidized starch latex and the aluminum ions can be well compatible to form a stable system, the uniformity and compactness of the regenerated paperboard can be improved, the bonding capability with the paper pulp fiber is strong, and the performance of the regenerated paper pulp fiber can be repaired through effective bonding with the regenerated paper pulp fiber, so that the strength and durability of the regenerated paperboard are enhanced; meanwhile, the toughness of the regenerated paperboard is improved by the collagen, and the water resistance and the mechanical strength of the regenerated paperboard are improved by introducing aluminum ions. The recycled paperboard obtained by the invention has good mechanical strength, flexibility and water resistance, long service life and good durability, and is suitable for being used as a carton packaging material.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalent substitutions and modifications may be made to some features of the embodiments described above, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, adding 20-30 parts by weight of starch, 1-3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 2-4 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 90-110 parts by weight of water into a container together for reaction at 70-90 ℃ for 2-4h, then adding 3-5 parts by weight of styrene, 2-6 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of ammonium persulfate for reaction at 70-80 ℃ for 4-6h, and cooling to obtain modified oxidized starch for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing 40-60 parts by weight of regenerated paper pulp subjected to impurity removal and filtration treatment and 30-50 parts by weight of plant fiber paper pulp in a pulping machine, adding 4-7 parts by weight of filler, 3-6 parts by weight of modified oxidized starch obtained in the step (1) and 1-2 parts by weight of collagen, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry mixture;
(3) mixing 60-80 parts by weight of the slurry mixture obtained in the step (2) with 0.3-0.5 part by weight of aluminum sulfate, and uniformly stirring at 30-40 ℃ to obtain paperboard slurry;
(4) and (4) inputting the paperboard slurry obtained in the step (3) to a paperboard forming machine for processing, and then drying the obtained paperboard to obtain the high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging according to claim 1, wherein the starch is one or a mixture of corn starch, tapioca starch and yam starch.
3. The preparation method of the high-strength water-resistant regenerated paperboard for carton packaging according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 40-50%.
4. The method for preparing a high-strength water-resistant recycled paperboard for carton packaging according to claim 1, wherein the plant fiber pulp is bleached hardwood pulp or reed pulp.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911395622.8A CN111074670A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Preparation method of high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911395622.8A CN111074670A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Preparation method of high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111074670A true CN111074670A (en) | 2020-04-28 |
Family
ID=70319595
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911395622.8A Pending CN111074670A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Preparation method of high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111074670A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114763682A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-07-19 | 上海嘉泰纸制品有限公司 | High-strength paper product packaging material and application thereof |
US11401661B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-08-02 | J & J Green Paper, Inc. | Recyclable composition for waterproofing paper utilizing a plant derived wax, pellets of the composition, recyclable waterproof paper laminate including the composition, recyclable hot beverage cup including the laminate, pod for making hot beverages including the laminate, and drinking straw including the laminate |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160362842A1 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2016-12-15 | Kamchuen Au | Waterproof recycled paper and production method thereof |
CN107034735A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-11 | 天长市天达纸箱纸品厂 | A kind of preparation method of packed in cases high-strength water-resistance Reclaimed board |
CN108978296A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-11 | 河南东贵电子科技有限公司 | A kind of high quality recycled paper processing method |
-
2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911395622.8A patent/CN111074670A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160362842A1 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2016-12-15 | Kamchuen Au | Waterproof recycled paper and production method thereof |
CN107034735A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-11 | 天长市天达纸箱纸品厂 | A kind of preparation method of packed in cases high-strength water-resistance Reclaimed board |
CN108978296A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-11 | 河南东贵电子科技有限公司 | A kind of high quality recycled paper processing method |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11401661B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-08-02 | J & J Green Paper, Inc. | Recyclable composition for waterproofing paper utilizing a plant derived wax, pellets of the composition, recyclable waterproof paper laminate including the composition, recyclable hot beverage cup including the laminate, pod for making hot beverages including the laminate, and drinking straw including the laminate |
CN114763682A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-07-19 | 上海嘉泰纸制品有限公司 | High-strength paper product packaging material and application thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105484094B (en) | Low-gram-weight kraft paper produced from reclaimed waste paper and production process | |
CN111074670A (en) | Preparation method of high-strength waterproof regenerated paperboard for carton packaging | |
CN107034735A (en) | A kind of preparation method of packed in cases high-strength water-resistance Reclaimed board | |
CN104086709A (en) | High-branch-chain water-soluble cellulose-acrylamide grafted copolymer and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN102020720B (en) | High branch cationic starch for papermaking wet end and preparation method thereof | |
CN103669109A (en) | Preparation method for paper-making sizing agent | |
CN101698985B (en) | Method for manufacturing art paper with high content of mechanical pulp and art paper manufactured therefrom | |
CN105061774B (en) | A kind of paper making intensifier and preparation method thereof | |
KR20130096812A (en) | Paper with high dry strength containing hemicellulose and producing method thereof | |
CN107974856B (en) | Method for applying green chelating agent in hydrogen peroxide bleaching of paper pulp | |
CN110331615B (en) | Method for improving strength performance of waste paper pulp | |
KR20210056421A (en) | Ionic liquid based pulp bleach protectant | |
CN107780277B (en) | Pulping method for treating waste paper pulp by using neutral cellulase and neutral xylanase | |
CN106758488A (en) | A kind of preparation method of high-intensity water absorbent bamboo paper | |
CN101760983B (en) | Mixed pulp and paper with the same | |
CN102747636A (en) | Method for preparing high-bulk eucalyptus alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp | |
CN102154926B (en) | Method for improving whiteness of paper | |
CN105297433B (en) | A kind of gypsum fiber flexible modifying agent and preparation method thereof | |
CN109457545B (en) | Production process of high-brightness kraft liner board | |
CN110306378A (en) | A kind of formula and its preparation method of new anti-fungicide paper | |
CA1232713A (en) | Paper-making method | |
CN108329430B (en) | Preparation method of sizing reinforcing agent for packaging paper | |
CN109577087B (en) | Multifunctional composite reinforcing agent for papermaking and preparation method thereof | |
CN104420395A (en) | Papermaking dry strengthening agent | |
CN102660895A (en) | Preparation method for high-efficient AKD (Alkyl Ketene dimer) neutral/alkaline sizing agent |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20200428 |
|
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |