CN111074087B - 一种汽车门槛梁铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车门槛梁铝合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111074087B
CN111074087B CN201911356780.2A CN201911356780A CN111074087B CN 111074087 B CN111074087 B CN 111074087B CN 201911356780 A CN201911356780 A CN 201911356780A CN 111074087 B CN111074087 B CN 111074087B
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罗世兵
李文通
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Shanghai Zesheng Automobile Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽车门槛梁铝合金及其制备方法,所述方法包括步骤:(1)在熔炼铝液的过程中,添加铝铜合金、铝硅合金、镁锭和锰剂;最终的铝棒中添加元素的质量百分比满足:镁0.90‑1.10wt%,硅0.90‑1.10%,锰0.50‑0.80%,铜0.20‑0.40%;(2)过滤铝液;(3)通过浇铸系统进行连续铸造,铸造出铝棒;(4)将铝棒转入均匀化炉进行均匀化,条件为550~570℃,8~12H保温,风雾冷却;(5)将铝棒进行锯切,得到挤压使用的短棒。本发明通过调整镁硅比,增加了Cu的含量,在进一步提升产品性能的同时,又保证在后期烘烤时衰减速率能够较低,制得的铝合金在不同状态的性能均能满足要求。

Description

一种汽车门槛梁铝合金及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于合金材料领域,具体涉及一种汽车门槛梁铝合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着铝合金在汽车行业的推广,越来越多的位置使用铝合金代替原来的钢铁,这也就对铝合金的机械性能的要求进一步提高。
目前,汽车门槛梁关于正常时效状态的性能及热稳定性处理后的性能要求如下:
1.正常时效状态(以下叫常态)下性能要求:抗压强度≥310Mpa,屈服强度=290~320Mpa,延伸率≥10%;
2.常态下产品再经过热稳定性短时间的烘烤处理(以下叫短周期),性能也需要满足常态的性能要求,短周期烘烤工艺:205℃,1H;
3.常态下产品再经过热稳定性长周期的烘烤处理(以下叫长周期),性能需要满足屈服≥275Mpa,长周期烘烤工艺:150℃,1000H。
然而目前6系铝合金性能较高的合金6082、6061不能完全满足以上的性能要求,因此急需开发新的配方和工艺来提高6系铝合金的中高强度热稳定性,以同时满足较高常态性能要求和不同周期烘烤后的性能要求。
发明内容
针对现有的6系铝合金不能同时满足较高常态性能要求和不同周期烘烤后的性能要求的技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种汽车门槛梁铝合金及其制备方法,本发明开发的汽车门槛梁铝合金为6系中高强度热稳定性材料,在满足较高常态性能要求的同时,也满足不同周期烘烤后的性能要求。
具体的,本发明的汽车门槛梁铝合金的制备方法包括步骤:
(1)向740-760℃的熔炼铝液中添加铝铜合金、铝硅合金、镁锭和锰剂;最终的铝棒中添加元素的质量百分比满足:镁0.90-1.10wt%,硅0.90-1.10%,锰0.50-0.80%,铜0.20-0.40%;
(2)过滤铝液;
(3)通过浇铸系统进行连续铸造,铸造出铝棒;
(4)将铝棒转入均匀化炉进行均匀化,条件为550~570℃,8~12H保温,风雾冷却;
(5)将铝棒进行锯切,得到挤压使用的短棒。
较佳的,步骤(1)中,添加的铝铜合金中Cu含量为40~60%;铝硅合金中Si含量为15~25%;镁锭中Mg含量大于98%;锰剂中Mn含量为70~80%。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,添加的铝铜合金中Cu含量为50%;铝硅合金中Si含量为20%;镁锭中Mg含量为99.9%、锰剂中Mn含量为75%。
较佳的,步骤(1)中,添加铝铜合金、铝硅合金、镁锭和锰剂时,铝液温度740-760℃。
较佳的,步骤(2)中,铝液采用双级过滤,过滤板目数分别为40目和60目。
较佳的,步骤(3)中,所述的浇铸系统包括油压铸造机、浇铸盘及浇铸盘的结晶器上水冷却的水帘式冷却系统。
较佳的,步骤(4)中,均匀化条件为560℃,10H保温,风雾冷却。
较佳的,步骤(4)中,均匀化后高倍检测组织内的杂质相数量和形状以符合要求。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明中,Mg、Si、Cu元素的添加是为了保证产品具有较高的强度,同时又具有在高温环境下,减缓性能衰减的作用;Mn的添加是保证合金有较细小的晶粒,保证产品在不同条件烘烤后的延伸率均能满足要求,这是利用Mn元素具有抑制再结晶长大的作用。
本发明通过调整镁硅比,还增加了Cu的含量,在进一步提升产品性能的同时,又保证在后期烘烤时衰减速率能够较低。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1汽车门槛梁铝合金的制备及其性能验证
实施设备:25T铝熔炼炉及其浇铸系统,40T均匀化炉,铝棒锯切机,铝挤压机-2200T,时效电炉,铣床,20T万能试验机。
制备步骤:
(1)熔炼铝液,熔炼过程中添加铜含量50wt%的铝铜合金、硅含量20wt%的铝硅合金、99.9wt%的镁锭、锰含量75wt%的锰剂,添加时铝液温度740-760℃;最终的铝棒中,合金含量质量百分比满足:镁0.90-1.10wt%,硅0.90-1.10%,锰0.50-0.80%,铜0.20-0.40%;
(2)铝液采用双级过滤,过滤板目数分别为40目和60目;
(3)通过油压铸造机及浇铸盘(包含结晶器上水冷却的水帘式冷却系统)进行连续铸造,铸造出6米长铝棒;
(4)铝棒在均匀化炉中,采用570℃,10H保温,风雾冷却进行均匀化,高倍检测组织内的杂质相数量和形状符合要求;
(5)将6米长铝棒进行锯切,得到挤压使用的短棒(试验用棒长度780±5mm)
效果例
用实施例1制得的铝棒进行挤压,制成试验产品(采用水冷在线淬火工艺),然后采用以下正常时效状态、短周期烘烤后和长周期烘烤后三种状态进行验证:
(a)正常时效状态的时效工艺,以满足常态性能为准,测试材料力学性能及断后延伸率;
(b)常态短周期热稳定烘烤工艺均采用常205℃,1H,测试材料力学性能及断后延伸率;
(c)常态长周期热稳定烘烤工艺均采用150℃,1000H,测试材料力学性能及断后延伸率。
每种状态均采用15个试片进行验证,测试结果如表1至表3所示。
表1 本发明铝合金的常态性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 338.93 316.74 12.66
2 335.37 316.49 11.18
3 336.32 315.50 13.12
4 339.82 315.30 11.84
5 339.26 314.47 11.90
6 335.43 314.45 13.18
7 334.55 314.44 13.76
8 335.34 314.07 12.38
9 337.65 313.96 12.46
10 337.65 313.96 12.46
11 336.77 315.22 11.68
12 335.66 314.18 13.84
13 334.69 314.64 12.90
14 337.47 316.94 12.68
15 339.53 315.22 12.34
表2 本发明铝合金的短周期性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 329.50 304.89 12.28
2 327.01 303.54 13.12
3 327.16 305.42 13.44
4 330.09 303.99 12.36
5 327.99 305.84 12.90
6 325.22 305.67 13.04
7 325.17 305.55 11.72
8 326.39 305.53 12.08
9 326.88 305.24 12.22
10 326.70 304.89 12.42
11 325.00 303.98 13.00
12 324.94 302.66 12.48
13 325.66 302.21 12.34
14 328.11 304.58 13.58
15 328.43 304.01 13.80
表3 本发明铝合金的长周期性能数据
Figure BDA0002336149880000041
Figure BDA0002336149880000051
根据以上的数据,本发明的铝合金在不同状态的性能均能满足要求。
本发明还以现有的6082合金、6082Y合金(在6082合金基础上增加Si、Mg的含量)以及6061合金采用上述三种状态下进行性能测试,与本发明产品进行对比验证,对比材料的试验过程及过程工艺参数与本发明上述的均一致。测试的结果如表4至表12所示。
表4 6082合金的常态性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 346.88 314.22 18.63
2 348.63 315.62 18.62
3 343.99 313.32 16.88
4 341.32 314.69 17.62
5 346.12 315.49 18.03
6 345.62 316.66 18.32
7 351.23 314.32 18.64
8 349.62 317.61 18.99
9 347.16 316.77 17.95
10 346.23 315.29 18.89
11 350.11 314.96 17.91
12 347.96 313.88 16.99
13 344.23 312.82 17.06
14 346.28 314.09 18.12
15 348.66 316.53 17.93
表5 6082合金的短周期性能数据
Figure BDA0002336149880000052
Figure BDA0002336149880000061
表6 6082合金的长周期性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 273.13 248.47 13.17
2 276.38 248.37 11.98
3 272.02 246.35 13.49
4 267.53 245.90 13.21
5 276.93 251.30 13.04
6 279.38 255.42 12.19
7 279.44 247.53 13.12
8 277.91 250.90 13.03
9 272.29 246.90 12.54
10 273.97 248.03 12.77
11 274.52 244.37 13.44
12 273.59 244.51 12.71
13 271.05 244.64 12.66
14 275.90 248.71 13.73
15 276.66 249.53 13.53
表7 6082Y合金的常态性能数据
Figure BDA0002336149880000062
Figure BDA0002336149880000071
表8 6082Y合金的短周期性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 323.86 302.66 12.91
2 321.37 301.31 11.43
3 321.52 303.19 13.37
4 324.45 301.76 12.09
5 322.35 303.61 12.15
6 319.58 303.44 13.43
7 319.53 303.32 14.01
8 320.75 303.30 12.63
9 321.24 303.01 12.71
10 321.06 302.66 12.71
11 319.36 301.75 11.93
12 319.30 300.43 14.09
13 320.02 299.98 13.15
14 322.47 302.35 12.93
15 322.79 301.78 12.59
表9 6082Y合金的长周期性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 277.10 254.09 13.68
2 277.82 253.94 12.86
3 274.13 250.31 13.58
4 276.58 248.15 13.27
5 278.23 251.24 13.56
6 276.46 253.64 12.70
7 275.20 250.75 12.71
8 276.93 253.23 14.70
9 276.41 254.86 14.11
10 277.85 249.39 13.75
11 275.45 249.45 13.50
12 276.87 248.53 13.36
13 274.81 249.36 14.40
14 276.91 251.53 14.07
15 279.28 252.15 14.22
表10 6061合金的常态性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 327.08 307.31 12.07
2 322.42 308.13 10.59
3 326.24 306.34 12.53
4 328.51 305.57 11.25
5 330.63 303.20 11.31
6 326.65 304.24 12.59
7 325.66 305.06 13.17
8 326.80 305.12 11.79
9 328.93 303.19 11.87
10 328.58 303.01 11.87
11 325.53 303.45 11.09
12 324.14 303.46 13.25
13 322.26 305.61 12.31
14 325.11 307.58 12.09
15 328.32 304.12 11.75
表11 6061合金的短周期性能数据
试片序号 抗拉强度MPa 屈服强度MPa 断后伸长率%
1 313.66 292.19 12.15
2 307.90 294.08 12.99
3 314.59 291.49 13.31
4 315.63 290.15 12.23
5 320.43 286.24 12.77
6 316.30 288.34 12.91
7 315.20 289.99 11.59
8 316.69 290.48 11.95
9 318.64 286.73 12.09
10 317.94 286.37 12.29
11 312.72 285.99 12.87
12 311.05 287.05 12.35
13 308.26 290.89 12.21
14 311.18 290.53 13.45
15 315.54 287.33 13.67
表12 6061合金的长周期性能数据
Figure BDA0002336149880000081
Figure BDA0002336149880000091
根据上述测试结果,再结合汽车门槛梁关于正常时效状态的性能及热稳定性处理后的性能要求,可以得出本发明合金材料和现有的合金材料是否能满足不同状态的性能要求,结果如表13所示。
表13 合金材料的不同状态性能检测合格率
Figure BDA0002336149880000092
由上表可知,对比测试的三种合金材料均不能同时满足三种状态的性能要求,而经本发明成分改进后,全部符合不同状态的性能要求。

Claims (2)

1.一种汽车门槛梁铝合金的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(1)在熔炼铝液的过程中,添加铜含量50wt%的铝铜合金、硅含量20wt%的铝硅合金、99.9wt%的镁锭和锰含量75wt%的锰剂,添加时铝液温度740-760℃;最终的铝棒中添加元素的质量百分比满足:镁0.90-1.10wt%,硅0.90-1.10%,锰0.50-0.80%,铜0.20-0.40%;
(2)铝液采用双级过滤,过滤板目数分别为40目和60目;
(3)通过油压铸造机、浇铸盘及浇铸盘的结晶器上水冷却的水帘式冷却系统进行连续铸造,铸造出6米长铝棒;
(4)将铝棒转入均匀化炉进行均匀化,条件为570℃,10H保温,风雾冷却进行均匀化;均匀化后高倍检测组织内的杂质相数量和形状以符合要求;
(5)将6米长铝棒进行锯切,得到挤压使用的短棒。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法制备的汽车门槛梁铝合金。
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