CN111074082A - Method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by microwave one-step method - Google Patents
Method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by microwave one-step method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111074082A CN111074082A CN201911219649.1A CN201911219649A CN111074082A CN 111074082 A CN111074082 A CN 111074082A CN 201911219649 A CN201911219649 A CN 201911219649A CN 111074082 A CN111074082 A CN 111074082A
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- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 5
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B41/00—Obtaining germanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy and energy. Uniformly mixing the tannin germanium slag and the chlorine-containing compound to obtain a mixture A, adding water into the mixture A, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5-30 min to obtain a mixture B; and roasting the mixture B by microwave, and condensing roasting steam to obtain the germanium tetrachloride. The method can effectively shorten the time for preparing the germanium tetrachloride from the industrial tannin germanium slag, improve the complex procedures of washing, roasting and chlorination distillation, and the tannin germanium slag belongs to macromolecular organic salt, has good wave-absorbing performance, can obviously reduce the process energy consumption, and has lower impurity content of the prepared germanium tetrachloride. The method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, easy operation, high sample purity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy and energy.
Background
Smelting enterprises mainly use tannin slag generated by a tannin germanium precipitation method as a raw material, sequentially carry out washing, filtering, drying and roasting, then carry out chlorination, distillation, separation and purification to prepare germanium tetrachloride, and finally carry out hydrolysis, reduction and regional purification on the germanium tetrachloride to obtain metal germanium. The traditional production method has the problems of complex flow, high energy consumption and low production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing germanium chloride by using tannin germanium slag through a microwave one-step method, aiming at the problems of long time consumption and high energy consumption in the prior art, the tannin germanium slag belongs to macromolecular organic salt, the wave absorbing performance is good, the process energy consumption can be obviously reduced by introducing a microwave external field, the content of germanium tetrachloride impurities is lower, and the recovery rate of germanium can reach more than 90%. The method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, easy operation, high sample purity and the like.
The method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the tannin germanium slag and the chlorine-containing compound to obtain a mixture A, adding water into the mixture A, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5-30 min to obtain a mixture B;
(2) and (2) roasting the mixture B in the step (1) by microwave, and condensing roasting steam to obtain the germanium tetrachloride.
The chlorine-containing compound in the step (1) is ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, and the mass ratio of the tannin germanium slag to the chlorine-containing compound is (5:1) - (1: 5).
Further, the liquid-solid ratio mL/g of the water to the mixture A is (1:3) - (3: 1).
The microwave roasting temperature is 200-600 ℃, the microwave roasting power is 500-2000W, and the microwave roasting time is 10-60 min.
The tannin germanium slag is obtained by leaching germanium-containing zinc oxide smoke dust prepared by volatilizing residues in a lead-zinc smelting process through a fuming furnace and precipitating germanium with tannic acid, wherein the Zn content is 5-30%, the S content is 5-20%, the Ge content is 0.5-5%, and the content of other impurity elements is 5-30%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can effectively shorten the time for preparing the germanium tetrachloride from the industrial tannin germanium slag and solve the problem of complex procedures of washing, roasting and chlorination distillation;
(2) the tannin germanium slag belongs to macromolecular organic salt, has good wave-absorbing performance, can obviously reduce the process energy consumption, and has lower impurity content of the prepared germanium tetrachloride;
(3) the method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, easy operation, high sample purity and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a TG-DSC curve of the mixture of tannin germanium slag and calcium chloride of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: a method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method (see figure 1) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the tannin germanium residue and a chlorine-containing compound (ammonium chloride) to obtain a mixture A, adding water into the mixture A, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5min to obtain a mixture B; wherein the tannin germanium slag is obtained by leaching germanium-containing zinc oxide smoke dust prepared by volatilizing slag in a fuming furnace in a lead-zinc smelting process and precipitating germanium with tannic acid, the Zn content is 5%, the S content is 5%, the Ge content is 0.5%, and the contents of other impurity elements are 5%; the mass ratio of the tannin germanium slag to the chlorine-containing compound (ammonium chloride) is 5:1, and the liquid-solid ratio mL of water to the mixture A is 1: 3;
(2) roasting the mixture B in the step (1) by microwave, and condensing roasting steam to obtain germanium tetrachloride, wherein the temperature of microwave roasting is 200 ℃, the microwave roasting power is 500W, and the microwave roasting time is 10 min;
the TG-DSC curve of the mixture of the tannin germanium slag and the calcium chloride is shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the weight loss process of the mixture B mainly comprises five stages along with the increase of the temperature: stage I, mainly evaporating moisture in the materials at about 90 ℃; II, when the temperature is 100-210 ℃, organic macromolecular tannic acid in the material is combusted, and the mass is reduced by 18.58%; III, chlorination distillation of germanium oxide is carried out at the temperature of about 280 ℃; IV, decomposing metal sulfate in the residual material at the temperature of about 500 ℃ to generate various metal oxides; v, chlorination distillation of the impurity metal oxide is carried out in the interval;
diluting the germanium tetrachloride condensate obtained in the step (2) by multiple times, and carrying out ICP-OES detection, wherein the content of Ge is 76%, the content of Zn is 3.4%, and the total content of other impurity elements is less than 4.8%;
the recovery of germanium in this example was 90.1%.
Example 2: a method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method (see figure 1) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the tannin germanium residue and chlorine-containing compound (commercially available hydrochloric acid) to obtain a mixture A, adding water into the mixture A, uniformly mixing, and standing for 20min to obtain a mixture B; wherein the tannin germanium slag is obtained by leaching germanium-containing zinc oxide smoke dust prepared by volatilizing slag in a fuming furnace in a lead-zinc smelting process and precipitating germanium with tannic acid, the Zn content is 15%, the S content is 10%, the Ge content is 2.0%, and the content of other impurity elements is 15%; the mass ratio of the tannin germanium slag to the chlorine-containing compound (commercial hydrochloric acid) is 1:1, and the liquid-solid ratio mL of water to the mixture A is 1: 1;
(2) roasting the mixture B in the step (1) by microwave, and condensing roasting steam to obtain germanium tetrachloride, wherein the temperature of microwave roasting is 400 ℃, the microwave roasting power is 1000W, and the microwave roasting time is 30 min;
diluting the germanium tetrachloride condensate obtained in the step (2) by multiple times, and carrying out ICP-OES detection, wherein the content of Ge is 82%, the content of Zn is 2.8%, and the total content of other impurity elements is less than 3.1%;
the recovery of germanium in this example was 93.3%.
Example 3: a method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method (see figure 1) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the tannin germanium residue and chlorine-containing compound (calcium chloride) to obtain a mixture A, adding water into the mixture A, uniformly mixing, and standing for 30min to obtain a mixture B; wherein the tannin germanium slag is obtained by leaching germanium-containing zinc oxide smoke dust prepared by volatilizing slag in a fuming furnace in a lead-zinc smelting process and precipitating germanium with tannic acid, the Zn content is 30%, the S content is 20%, the Ge content is 5%, and the content of other impurity elements is 30%; the mass ratio of the tannin germanium slag to the chlorine-containing compound (calcium chloride) is 1:5, and the liquid-solid ratio mL of water to the mixture A is 3: 1;
(2) roasting the mixture B in the step (1) by microwave, and condensing roasting steam to obtain germanium tetrachloride, wherein the temperature of microwave roasting is 600 ℃, the microwave roasting power is 2000W, and the microwave roasting time is 60 min;
diluting the germanium tetrachloride condensate obtained in the step (2) by multiple times, and carrying out ICP-OES detection, wherein the Ge content is 89%, the Zn content is 2.6%, and the total content of other impurity elements is less than 2.6%;
the recovery of germanium in this example was 95.8%.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it, and although the present invention has been described in detail by the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by a microwave one-step method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the tannin germanium slag and the chlorine-containing compound to obtain a mixture A, adding water into the mixture A, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5-30 min to obtain a mixture B;
(2) and (2) roasting the mixture B in the step (1) by microwave, and condensing roasting steam to obtain the germanium tetrachloride.
2. The method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by the microwave one-step method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the chlorine-containing compound in the step (1) is ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, and the mass ratio of the tannin germanium slag to the chlorine-containing compound is (5:1) - (1: 5).
3. The method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by the microwave one-step method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the liquid-solid ratio mL of water to the mixture A is (1:3) - (3: 1).
4. The method for preparing germanium chloride from tannin germanium slag by the microwave one-step method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microwave roasting temperature in the step (2) is 200-600 ℃, the microwave roasting power is 500-2000W, and the microwave roasting time is 10-60 min.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115404363A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-29 | 云南驰宏国际锗业有限公司 | Method for recovering germanium from germanium mud by utilizing germanium concentrate distillation waste hydrochloric acid |
| CN116640928A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-08-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for co-treatment of germanium chloride distillation residues and lead-zinc smelting acid wastewater |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN115404363A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-29 | 云南驰宏国际锗业有限公司 | Method for recovering germanium from germanium mud by utilizing germanium concentrate distillation waste hydrochloric acid |
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| CN116640928B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for co-treatment of germanium chloride distillation residues and lead-zinc smelting acid wastewater |
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