CN111069395A - Metal pipe fitting precision forming device and forming method for electric pulse triggering energetic material - Google Patents
Metal pipe fitting precision forming device and forming method for electric pulse triggering energetic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111069395A CN111069395A CN201911307469.9A CN201911307469A CN111069395A CN 111069395 A CN111069395 A CN 111069395A CN 201911307469 A CN201911307469 A CN 201911307469A CN 111069395 A CN111069395 A CN 111069395A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
- B21D26/12—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves initiated by spark discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
- B21D26/10—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by evaporation, e.g. of wire, of liquids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal pipe fitting precision forming device and method of an electric pulse triggered energetic material. The invention adopts a small-sized electric pulse triggering metal wire discharging device, and triggers the energetic material through the metal wire electric pulse discharging, thereby successfully realizing the energy release of the energetic material, and solving the problems that the energy level of equipment is sharply increased due to the high discharging voltage of electro-hydraulic forming, the current of a discharging loop is increased, the requirements on the energy storage and voltage resistance of the equipment are increased, the equipment is in a high-load state, the danger of discharge forming processing is increased, and the equipment has the problems of large volume, high cost, short service life and the like; the energy-containing material is applied to the field of metal forming, the manufactured low-dose safe and controllable energy-containing rod is used for precise forming of metal pipe fittings difficult to form, high-speed forming of the pipe fittings is achieved, and the plastic deformation capacity of the pipe fittings difficult to form is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal pipe fitting plastic forming, in particular to a metal pipe fitting precision forming device and a metal pipe fitting precision forming method for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses.
Background
With the rapid rise of the manufacturing industry in China, the technical requirements on metal pipe fittings with local characteristics difficult to form are higher and higher, and metal pipe fittings have wide application range, are large in the fields of aerospace, ships, automobiles and the like, and are small in the fields of precision forming parts such as mobile phones, household appliances and the like. When a metal pipe difficult to form is used for forming a part with local characteristics, most of the metal materials difficult to form are unfavorable for forming due to poor formability at room temperature and other factors (such as aviation materials 2055, 2195 aluminum alloy, titanium alloy material pipes, high-strength steels for automobiles DP600, DP780 and DP 980). The most effective forming methods at present are: the comparison of various processes shows that the heat-assisted forming can improve the plasticity of the metal pipe fitting, but the die design is complex, the energy consumption is huge, the period is long, and the like. When the internal pressure is too large in the hydraulic forming process, the local characteristic area of the pipe fitting is cracked, and the die is large in size and high in cost. Although the electro-hydraulic forming belongs to high-speed forming, the plastic deformation capacity of the pipe fitting can be improved to a certain extent, the equipment is large in size and high in investment cost, when the discharge voltage of the equipment is too large, the loop current is increased, the load is too high, unsafe risks exist in forming processing, the service life of the equipment is short, the discharge voltage is limited, the energy has an upper limit peak value, and deformation of the pipe fitting which is difficult to form is not facilitated. And for energetic materials, because the energetic materials have high energy density and high enthalpy of formation, independent chemical reaction is carried out in the reaction process to release a large amount of energy, the energy conversion efficiency is high, and explosive products are clean and pollution-free. However, at present, energetic materials are mostly used in the fields of national defense industry, explosives and powders, rocket propellants, pyrotechnic compositions and the like, and the application of the traditional energetic materials (such as explosives) is greatly limited due to the influences of working places, test conditions, safety and other factors, wherein the traditional energetic materials (such as explosives) are large in quantity, high in insensitive feeling and large in danger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal pipe fitting precision forming device and a metal pipe fitting precision forming method for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art and utilize small electric pulse discharge equipment to trigger novel energetic materials with low insensitivity to release energy underwater so as to finish precision forming of metal pipe fittings difficult to form. The volume and the cost of the electric pulse discharge equipment are reduced, the equipment is miniaturized, the movement is convenient and fast, the single-parameter operation is realized, and the flexibility of the test is improved; the novel energetic material with low insensitive and high energy density is successfully applied to the field of metal pipe plastic forming, the energy level crossing is realized by developing the energetic mixture with small dose, safety and controllability, and the forming precision and the plastic deformation capability of the metal pipe difficult to form are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a metal pipe fitting precision forming device of an electric pulse triggered energetic material, which comprises electric pulse discharging equipment and a forming die, wherein the forming die comprises an upper template, a lower template, a left valve and a right valve; positive and negative electrodes are respectively fixed on the central axis positions of the upper template and the lower template, an energy-containing rod penetrating through the inner cavity of the tube blank is positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, and the positive and negative electrodes are connected with the electric pulse discharge equipment; the inner cavity of the tube blank is connected with external liquid filling equipment.
Preferably, the left valve and the right valve are provided with positioning pins, and the left valve and the right valve are pushed by the left hydraulic cylinder and the right hydraulic cylinder respectively to perform positioning and die assembly.
Preferably, the outer parts of the positive and negative electrodes are tapped with threads, and the positive and negative electrodes are screwed into the insulating sleeve and then are respectively screwed and fixed on the central axis positions of the upper template and the lower template through threaded steel sleeves.
Preferably, a first sealing ring is arranged at the contact part of the insulating sleeve and the threaded steel sleeve, and a second sealing ring is arranged at the contact part of the insulating sleeve and the upper template or the lower template; the tube blank and the upper and lower templates are coaxially arranged, and the contact parts of the tube blank and the upper and lower templates are respectively provided with a third L-shaped sealing ring and a fourth L-shaped sealing ring.
Preferably, the energy-containing rod comprises an energy-containing material, a metal wire and an insulating tube, the prepared energy-containing material is filled into the insulating tube, and two ends of the insulating tube are respectively sealed by an upper end plug and a lower end plug through glue joint to form the energy-containing rod.
Preferably, the diameter of the metal wire is 01-1.0 mm, and the effective discharge length is 10-300 mm; the insulating tube is an organic glass tube or a silicone tube, the wall thickness is 1-3mm, the effective length is 10-300mm, and the diameter is any one of three sizes of 6mm, 8mm and 10 mm; the energetic material is mainly prepared by mixing two or more than two of aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, copper oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene and nickel powder in proportion.
The invention also provides a metal pipe fitting precision forming method of the electric pulse triggered energetic material, which is applied to the metal pipe fitting precision forming device of the electric pulse triggered energetic material and comprises the following steps:
step 2, installing an energy-containing rod, clamping a lower end plug of the energy-containing rod into a negative electrode, installing a positive electrode on an upper template, and axially pressing and fixing a die through a hydraulic machine to ensure that an upper electrode and a lower electrode are coaxial with a tube blank;
step 6, before discharging, an energy storage capacitor b of the pulse current discharging equipment needs to be charged, and after the charging is finished, the auxiliary gap a is closed to start discharging machining on the energy-containing rod;
step 7, opening a liquid backflow channel to recycle waste liquid after the discharge is finished;
and 8, starting a hydraulic press to open the die, firstly axially and upwards unloading the upper template through the hydraulic press, then opening the die by using the left and right hydraulic cylinders, and finally taking out the metal pipe fitting to finish the forming work of the pipe fitting.
Preferably, the lower end plug of the energy-containing rod in the step 2 is provided with a groove, the negative electrode is clamped into the groove of the lower end plug, so that the energy-containing rod is in a fixed state of the middle shaft, and the end head of the positive electrode is provided with a marble device which is convenient to be axially installed and matched with a semicircular groove of the upper end plug of the energy-containing rod to lock the energy-containing rod;
the liquid medium filled by the liquid filling equipment in the step 3 is water, and the volume of the liquid medium is the same as that of the tube blank forming cavity; the discharge parameter selection range of the pulse current discharge equipment in the step 6 is as follows: the discharge capacitance is 1-1000 muF, and the discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.
Preferably, the discharging process of the energy-containing rod by the pulse current in the step 6 is to charge the energy storage capacitor bank to a preset voltage, then close the auxiliary gap, discharge the capacitor through the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the metal wire to generate a pulse large current, generate a short circuit by the metal wire under the action of the pulse current, rapidly heat up, melt and vaporize to generate a nano-scale plasma, and rapidly diffuse the plasma into the gap of the micron-or nano-scale energy-containing material to trigger the release of the energy-containing material. The metal wire triggers the release of the energy-containing material to generate strong shock waves and energy to act on the aqueous medium, so that the aqueous medium obtains high kinetic energy and presses the metal pipe fitting to complete plastic deformation by means of inertia effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a metal pipe fitting precision forming device and a metal pipe fitting precision forming method for triggering novel energetic materials by electric pulses, and provides a feasible idea for forming metal pipe fittings difficult to form. In order to reduce the insensitive feeling of energetic materials and improve the safety of energetic materials, the invention develops a small dose (the total mass of the energetic materials is not more than 10 g), low sensitivity (an oxidant with high energy and low sensitivity or an energetic adhesive with low sensitivity or an energetic plasticizer with low sensitivity), safe (so as to achieve the insensitive feeling safety) controllable energetic mixture for producing and manufacturing metal pipes. In addition, the invention belongs to the electro-hydraulic forming field, and originally provides a method for releasing energy under water by using a novel energetic material with low insensitive triggered by a small electric pulse discharge device to finish precise forming of a metal pipe fitting difficult to form. The invention has the characteristics of reducing the volume and the cost of the electric pulse discharge equipment, miniaturizing the equipment, being convenient and fast to move, operating by single parameter and increasing the flexibility of the test; the novel energetic material with low insensitive and high energy density is successfully applied to the field of metal pipe plastic forming, the energy level crossing is realized by developing the energetic mixture with small dose, safety and controllability, and the forming precision and the plastic deformation capability of the metal pipe difficult to form are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for forming a metal pipe with energetic materials triggered by electric pulses;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an energy containing rod as a whole;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the region of the junction between the positive electrode and the lower end plug of the energy-containing rod;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the region of the connection between the negative electrode and the upper end plug of the energy-containing rod;
FIG. 5 shows a front view and a left side view of a right split mold;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the effect of forming a threaded pipe according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the effect of forming two corrugated pipes according to an example of application;
wherein, 1 is a positive electrode; 2-electrode insulation sleeve; 3- -a sealing ring; 4-a threaded steel sleeve; 5- -second sealing ring; 6- -upper template; 7-third L-shaped sealing ring; 8- -right flap mold; 9- -positioning pin; 10- -tube blank; 11- -an exhaust hole; 12- -right hydraulic cylinder; 13- -energetic rod; 13-1 — an upper end plug; 13-2- -a metal wire; 13-3-an insulating tube; 13-4-energetic material; 13-5 — a lower end plug; 14- -a liquid medium; 15- -four L-shaped sealing ring; 16- -lower template; 17- -liquid filling equipment; 18- -liquid return path; 19- -auxiliary gap a; 20-left hydraulic cylinder; 21-left flap mold; 22-energy storage capacitor b.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a metal pipe fitting precision forming device and a metal pipe fitting precision forming method for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art and utilize small electric pulse discharge equipment to trigger novel energetic materials with low insensitivity to release energy underwater so as to finish precision forming of metal pipe fittings difficult to form. The volume and the cost of the electric pulse discharge equipment are reduced, the equipment is miniaturized, the movement is convenient and fast, the single-parameter operation is realized, and the flexibility of the test is improved; the novel energetic material with low insensitive and high energy density is successfully applied to the field of metal pipe plastic forming, the energy level crossing is realized by developing the energetic mixture with small dose, safety and controllability, and the forming precision and the plastic deformation capability of the metal pipe difficult to form are improved.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in figures 1-7, the invention provides a metal pipe fitting precision forming device of an electric pulse triggered energetic material, which comprises an electric pulse discharge device, a hydraulic machine, a forming die, an energetic rod 13 and a liquid filling device 17.
The forming die comprises an upper die plate 6, an exhaust hole 11, a positioning pin 9, a lower die plate 16, positive and negative electrodes, an electrode, a first sealing ring 3, a second sealing ring 5, an electrode insulating sleeve 2, a threaded steel sleeve 4, a liquid-filled joint, a liquid backflow channel 18, liquid water and an energy-containing rod 13. The forming die is a left split die and a right split die, in order to improve the assembly precision, positioning pins 9 are respectively arranged on a left split die 21 and a right split die 8, positioning and die assembly are carried out through a left hydraulic cylinder 20 and a right hydraulic cylinder 12, steps are respectively arranged on the left split die, the right split die and an upper die plate 6, an upper die plate 6 is matched with a hydraulic machine to axially fix a tube blank 10, and exhaust holes 11 are formed in the left split die and the right split die and connected with a vacuum pump to improve the quality of a formed piece.
Threads are tapped outside the positive and negative electrodes, the electrodes are screwed into the insulating sleeves to realize insulation, the positive and negative electrodes are respectively screwed and fixed at the position of the central axis of the upper template 6 and the lower template 16 through the steel sleeves with the threads, and in order to ensure sealing, first and second electrode number sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions between the steel sleeves and the upper template 6 and the lower template 16.
The diameter of a metal wire 13-2 arranged in the energy containing rod 13 is 0.1-1.0mm, the effective discharge length is 10-300mm, the insulating tube 13-3 is an organic glass tube or a silicone tube, the wall thickness is 1-3mm, the effective length is 10-300mm, and the diameter is 6, 8 or 10mm, the metal wire 13-2 penetrates into the insulating tube 13-3, the energy containing material 13-4 is proportioned according to a certain proportion, the prepared energy containing material 13-4 is filled into the insulating tube 13-3, end plugs at two ends are sealed and fixed by cementing, the sealed energy containing rod 13 is placed into water to detect the tightness, and no bubbles are generated, namely the qualified energy containing rod 13.
The metal pipe fitting precision forming method of the electric pulse triggered energetic material comprises the following steps:
And 2, installing an energy-containing rod 13, clamping a lower end plug 13-5 of the energy-containing rod 13 into a negative electrode, installing a positive electrode 1 on an upper template 6, and axially pressing and fixing the die through a hydraulic machine to ensure that an upper electrode and a lower electrode are coaxial with the tube blank 10.
and 4, starting a vacuum pump to enable the forming cavity to reach a certain vacuum state.
And 5, checking the line connection state of the discharge loop, and carrying out charging and discharging operations when the loop is in a 'conducting' state.
Step 6, before discharging, the energy storage capacitor b22 of the pulse current discharging equipment needs to be charged, and after the charging is finished, the auxiliary gap a19 is closed to start discharging and machining the energy-containing rod 13;
step 7, opening a liquid backflow channel 18 to recycle waste liquid after the discharge is finished;
and 8, starting a hydraulic press to open the die, firstly axially and upwards unloading the upper template 6 through the hydraulic press, then opening the die by using the left and right hydraulic cylinders, and finally taking out the metal pipe fitting to finish the forming work of the pipe fitting.
Wherein: the energy-containing rod 13 in the step 1 comprises an energy-containing material 13-4, a metal wire 13-2, an insulating tube 13-3 and an upper end plug 13-5 and a lower end plug 13-5, wherein the energy-containing material 13-4 is formed by mixing two or more than two of aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, polytetrafluoroethylene, iron oxide, nickel powder and the like according to a certain proportion; the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the step 1 are provided with external threads and are in threaded connection with the insulating sleeve, the insulating sleeve and the electrodes are fixed together in a fit manner, the steel sleeve is in threaded connection with the upper template and the lower template 16, the positive electrode 1 and the insulating sleeve are fixed on the lower template 16 through the steel sleeve, the negative electrode and the insulating sleeve are fixed on the upper template 6 through the steel sleeve, a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring 5 are arranged at the contact part of the insulating sleeve outside the negative electrode and the steel sleeve, and the liquid in the forming cavity is sealed.
And 2, arranging a groove at the lower end plug 13-5 of the energy containing rod 13, clamping the negative electrode into the groove of the lower end plug 13-5 to enable the energy containing rod 13 to be in a fixed state of the central shaft, and arranging a marble device at the end of the positive electrode 1 to be convenient for being axially installed and matched with the semicircular groove of the upper end plug 13-1 of the energy containing rod 13 and locking the energy containing rod 13.
The liquid medium 14 filled in the liquid filling device 17 in the step 3 is water, and the volume of the liquid medium is the same as that of the forming cavity of the tube blank 10. The discharge parameter selection range of the pulse current discharge equipment in the step 6 is as follows: the discharge capacitance is 1-1000 muF, and the discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.
The discharging process of the energy-containing rod 13 by the pulse current in the step 6 is that firstly, the energy storage capacitor bank is charged to a preset voltage, then the auxiliary gap is closed, the capacitor discharges through the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the metal wire 13-2 to generate a pulse large current, the metal wire 13-2 generates a short circuit under the action of the pulse current and rapidly heats up, melts and vaporizes to generate a nanoscale plasma, and the plasma rapidly diffuses into the gap of the micron or nanoscale energy-containing material 13-4 and triggers the release of the energy-containing material 13-4. The metal wire 13-2 triggers the energetic material 13-4 to release energy to generate strong shock waves and energy to act on the aqueous medium, so that the aqueous medium obtains high kinetic energy and presses the metal pipe fitting to complete plastic deformation by means of inertia effect.
The invention provides a metal pipe fitting precision forming device and a metal pipe fitting precision forming method for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses, belongs to the field of electro-hydraulic forming, and mainly aims at the local characteristic precision forming of metal pipe fittings difficult to form. The mould is a left/right two-split mould, the mould closing and opening are carried out through a left/right hydraulic cylinder, and exhaust holes 11 are formed in the two-split mould and connected with a vacuum pump; the forming cavity contains a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an energy-containing rod 13, a pipe fitting to be formed and a liquid medium 14, wherein the energy-containing rod 13 mainly comprises a metal wire 13-2 and an energy-containing material 13-4, the negative electrode is inserted into a lower end plug 13-5 of the energy-containing rod 13 to fix the energy-containing rod 13, and the energy-containing rod 13 is coaxially locked through a marble device of the negative electrode; the electrode is externally connected with an electric pulse discharge device, and the forming cavity is respectively connected with the liquid filling device 17 and the liquid discharge channel; the upper template 6 and the negative electrode are linked up and down through a hydraulic press to be locked coaxially. The invention innovatively provides a metal pipe fitting precision forming method for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses, and realizes local characteristic forming of metal pipe fittings difficult to form. The invention adopts a small-sized electric pulse triggering metal wire 13-2 discharging device, and triggers the energetic material 13-4 by the electric pulse discharging of the metal wire 13-2, so as to successfully realize the energy release of the energetic material 13-4, thereby solving the problems that the energy level of equipment is sharply increased due to the high discharging voltage of electro-hydraulic forming, the current of a discharging loop is increased, the requirements on the energy storage and voltage resistance of the equipment are increased, the equipment is in a high-load state, the danger of discharge forming processing is increased, and the equipment has the problems of large volume, high cost, short service life and the like; the application of the energetic material 13-4 to the field of metal forming is originally proposed, the high-speed forming of the pipe fitting is realized, and the plastic deformation capacity of the pipe fitting difficult to form is improved. The traditional energetic material 13-4 is limited by factors such as working places, test conditions, safety and the like due to high danger and cannot be widely applied, and the invention creatively realizes that the energetic rod 13 with small dose and safety and controllability is used for the precise forming of metal pipe fittings difficult to form.
Example one
As shown in fig. 6, the material: DP780 seamless high-strength steel pipe, length 150mm, external diameter 30mm, wall thickness 0.5 mm. Processing requirements are as follows: a spiral ripple is formed in the length of 60mm in the middle of the pipe fitting, the spiral ripple rotates along the pipe body, the thread pitch is 20mm, the ripple height is 1.2mm, the ripple radius is R2.2mm, and the transition fillet R1mm is formed. When the pipe fitting is formed by methods such as hydraulic bulging and hydraulic forming, the forming efficiency of the tool is low, the formed corrugation height is low, the die attaching performance is poor, the size precision is low, and the size requirement cannot be met.
By adopting the method for forming the metal pipe fitting by triggering the energetic material by the electric pulse, the discharge voltage of pulse current discharge equipment is 8kV, the capacitance is 200 mu F, and the relevant parameters of the energetic rod 13 are as follows: the energetic material 13-4 is formed by mixing 0.5g of aluminum powder (with the particle size of 1-3 mu m) and 2g of ammonium nitrate (with the particle size of 100-140 mu m), and is filled into an organic glass tube with the length of 60mm, the diameter of 6mm and the wall thickness of 1mm, and the diameter of a metal aluminum wire is 0.5mm and the length of 60 mm. Fig. 6 shows that the effect of forming the threaded pipe is: the thread bulging height reaches 1.18mm, the corrugation radius R2.2mm, the transition fillet R1mm, the thread pitch error is less than 0.1mm, the size meets the requirement, and the DP780 seamless high-strength steel pipe surface after forming has no scratch, the die attaching effect is better, and the product quality is better.
Example two
As shown in fig. 7, the material: a TA1 titanium alloy pipe fitting has a length of 300mm, an outer diameter of 100mm and a wall thickness of 1.0 mm. Processing requirements are as follows: the pipe fitting has the advantages that 2 corrugations are uniformly distributed within 80mm of the middle length of the pipe fitting, the corrugation height is 12mm, the corrugation radius is R10, and transition fillets are R2. The part is poor in forming precision and complex in tooling when being punched by the traditional die, and the trough part is easy to crack and large in transition fillet, so that the use requirement is difficult to meet.
By adopting the method for forming the metal pipe fitting by triggering the energetic material by the electric pulse, the discharge voltage of pulse current discharge equipment is 6kV, the capacitance is 500 mu F, and the relevant parameters of the energetic rod 13 are as follows: the energetic material 13-4 is formed by mixing 1g of aluminum powder (the grain diameter is 1-3 mu m) and 1.5g of ammonium perchlorate (the grain diameter is 140 mu m), and is filled into an organic glass tube with the length of 80mm, the diameter of 4mm and the wall thickness of 1mm, and the diameter of a metal copper wire is 0.3mm and the length of 80 mm. Fig. 7 shows that the bellows forming effect is: the bulging height of the corrugation reaches 12mm, the corrugation radius R9.9mm and the transition fillet R2mm, the size meets the requirement, and the TA1 titanium alloy pipe fitting after forming has good surface quality and no scratch.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The electric pulse triggers the metal pipe fitting precision forming device of the energetic material, its characterized in that: the pipe blank forming device comprises electric pulse discharging equipment and a forming die, wherein the forming die comprises an upper template, a lower template, a left split die and a right split die, the pipe blank is placed between the left split die and the right split die, steps are respectively arranged at the tops of the left split die and the right split die and the upper template, the pipe blank is axially fixed by utilizing the upper template in cooperation with a hydraulic machine, and exhaust holes connected with a vacuum pump are formed in the left split die and the right split die; positive and negative electrodes are respectively fixed on the central axis positions of the upper template and the lower template, an energy-containing rod penetrating through the inner cavity of the tube blank is positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, and the positive and negative electrodes are connected with the electric pulse discharge equipment; the inner cavity of the tube blank is connected with external liquid filling equipment.
2. The metal pipe fitting precision forming device for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and positioning pins are arranged on the left flap mold and the right flap mold, and the left flap mold and the right flap mold are pushed by a left hydraulic cylinder and a right hydraulic cylinder respectively to perform positioning and mold closing.
3. The metal pipe fitting precision forming device for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the outer parts of the positive and negative electrodes are tapped with threads, and the positive and negative electrodes are screwed into the insulating sleeve and then are respectively screwed and fixed on the central axis positions of the upper template and the lower template through threaded steel sleeves.
4. The metal pipe fitting precision forming device for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a first sealing ring is arranged at the contact part of the insulating sleeve and the threaded steel sleeve, and a second sealing ring is arranged at the contact part of the insulating sleeve and the upper template or the lower template; the tube blank and the upper and lower templates are coaxially arranged, and the contact parts of the tube blank and the upper and lower templates are respectively provided with a third L-shaped sealing ring and a fourth L-shaped sealing ring.
5. The metal pipe fitting precision forming device for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the energy-containing rod comprises an energy-containing material, a metal wire and an insulating tube, the prepared energy-containing material is filled into the insulating tube, and two ends of the insulating tube are respectively sealed by an upper end plug and a lower end plug through gluing to form the energy-containing rod.
6. The metal pipe fitting precision forming device for triggering energetic materials by electric pulses as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the metal wire is 01-1.0 mm, and the effective discharge length is 10-300 mm; the insulating tube is an organic glass tube or a silicone tube, the wall thickness is 1-3mm, the effective length is 10-300mm, and the diameter is any one of three sizes of 6mm, 8mm and 10 mm; the energetic material is mainly prepared by mixing two or more than two of aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, copper oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene and nickel powder in proportion.
7. The method for precisely forming the metal pipe fitting of the electric pulse triggered energetic material is applied to the device for precisely forming the metal pipe fitting of the electric pulse triggered energetic material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, checking the energy-containing rod, the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and installing the metal pipe blank to be formed. Firstly, placing a third L-shaped sealing ring and a fourth L-shaped sealing ring at the designated positions of an upper template and a lower template, fixing a tube blank at the circular groove of the lower template, and closing the die and fixing the tube blank through a left hydraulic cylinder and a right hydraulic cylinder;
step 2, installing an energy-containing rod, clamping a lower end plug of the energy-containing rod into a negative electrode, installing a positive electrode on an upper template, and axially pressing and fixing a die through a hydraulic machine to ensure that an upper electrode and a lower electrode are coaxial with a tube blank;
step 3, connecting the positive and negative electrode outgoing lines with pulse current discharge equipment, and switching on liquid filling equipment to fill quantitative liquid medium into the forming cavity;
step 4, starting a vacuum pump to enable the forming cavity to reach a certain vacuum state;
step 5, checking the line connection state of the discharge loop, and carrying out charge and discharge operation when the loop is in a 'conducting' state;
step 6, before discharging, an energy storage capacitor b of the pulse current discharging equipment needs to be charged, and after the charging is finished, the auxiliary gap a is closed to start discharging machining on the energy-containing rod;
step 7, opening a liquid backflow channel to recycle waste liquid after the discharge is finished;
and 8, starting a hydraulic press to open the die, firstly axially and upwards unloading the upper template through the hydraulic press, then opening the die by using the left and right hydraulic cylinders, and finally taking out the metal pipe fitting to finish the forming work of the pipe fitting.
8. The method for precisely forming a metal pipe with an energetic material triggered by electric pulses as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a groove is formed in the lower end plug of the energy-containing rod in the step 2, the negative electrode is clamped into the groove of the lower end plug, the energy-containing rod is in a middle shaft fixing state, and a marble device is arranged at the end of the positive electrode and is convenient to axially install and match with a semicircular groove of the upper end plug of the energy-containing rod to lock the energy-containing rod;
the liquid medium filled by the liquid filling equipment in the step 3 is water, and the volume of the liquid medium is the same as that of the tube blank forming cavity; the discharge parameter selection range of the pulse current discharge equipment in the step 6 is as follows: the discharge capacitance is 1-1000 muF, and the discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.
9. The method for precisely forming a metal pipe with an energetic material triggered by electric pulses as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 6, the discharging process of the energy-containing rod by the pulse current is that firstly, the energy storage capacitor bank is charged to a preset voltage, then the auxiliary gap is closed, the capacitor discharges through the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the metal wire to generate a pulse large current, the metal wire generates a short circuit under the action of the pulse current and rapidly heats, melts and vaporizes to generate a nanoscale plasma, and the plasma rapidly diffuses into the gap of the micron-scale or nanoscale energy-containing material and triggers the release of energy of the energy-containing material. The metal wire triggers the release of the energy-containing material to generate strong shock waves and energy to act on the aqueous medium, so that the aqueous medium obtains high kinetic energy and presses the metal pipe fitting to complete plastic deformation by means of inertia effect.
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