CN111064514B - Photon probability forming signal transmission method based on few-mode multi-core fiber - Google Patents
Photon probability forming signal transmission method based on few-mode multi-core fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN111064514B CN111064514B CN201911312594.9A CN201911312594A CN111064514B CN 111064514 B CN111064514 B CN 111064514B CN 201911312594 A CN201911312594 A CN 201911312594A CN 111064514 B CN111064514 B CN 111064514B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/5161—Combination of different modulation schemes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion
- H04B10/6971—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion using equalisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a photon probability molding signal transmission method based on a few-mode multi-core fiber, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps that a 16QAM signal is obtained by mapping a probability forming constellation of a multi-path parallel bit data stream, the modulator modulates the 16QAM signal onto laser, then the 16QAM signal is converted into a signal in a high-order mode after mode conversion, the signal enters a mode multiplexer through a few-mode multi-core optical fiber to realize different-mode transmission and space division multiplexing of signals with different probabilities, a receiving end carries out demultiplexing through the space division multiplexing, an optical signal is decomposed into multiple-path signals, then the multiple-path signals are sent to a photoelectric detector to be detected, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal to obtain multiple-path 16QAM signals, and dispersion compensation is carried out on the converted 16QAM signals; performing MIMO equalization processing on the 16QAM signal symbols in an MIMO equalizer by applying a self-adaptive step equalization algorithm to perform compensation mode coupling and modal delay; and finally, performing corresponding probability forming constellation demapping and digital signal processor processing to obtain initial bit data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a photon probability forming signal transmission method based on a few-mode multi-core fiber.
Background
With the social network, streaming media, online games and the like, the life of people is deeply changed, the data traffic of the internet starts to increase, and the demand of people on bandwidth is sharply increased. According to the Cisco corporation's analysis, the global network protocol communication capacity will increase at 23% of the annual-average composite growth rate from 2014 to 2019. The capacity of a transmission system of a traditional single mode fiber is close to the capacity limit of the nonlinear shannon theory, the capacity contraction can be reached quickly in the telecommunication industry, and an optical communication network taking the single mode fiber as a backbone faces a serious challenge. Related art researchers find that the few-mode multi-core fiber can significantly improve the transmission capacity of a single fiber by using different spatial modes as independent transmission channels.
Among a plurality of fiber cores in the system, crosstalk in a channel is increased due to the influence of fiber bending and link coupling in a link, and effective signals are damaged. According to the mode coupling theory, random perturbations such as bending on a link and fiber refractive index perturbations also cause coupling among the originally orthogonal modes. And the time delay between the modes causes a portion of the components to be repeatedly coupled into and out of one mode, causing crosstalk similar to multipath effects. The traditional few-mode multi-core optical fiber transmission adopts the same probability distribution to transmit in each mode, and has the problems of fundamental mode crosstalk and low frequency spectrum efficiency. And the channel is susceptible to nonlinear power limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a photon probability molding signal transmission method based on a few-mode multi-core fiber aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a photon probability forming signal transmission method based on few-mode multi-core fiber is disclosed, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that at a sending end, multi-channel parallel bit data are mapped into 16QAM signals with different probability distributions through a probability forming constellation, and the 16QAM signals are sent to a modulator;
step two: the modulator modulates signals with different probability distributions to optical waves with the wavelength of 1550nm generated by the laser, and then the optical fibers with the spatial modes of LP01, LP11a and LP11b are respectively used for transmission to realize mode division multiplexing. Finally, generating a plurality of different signals, realizing space division multiplexing through a fan-in device, and completing that information at a sending end enters a few-mode multi-core optical fiber and is transmitted to a receiving end;
step three: the receiving end demultiplexes through a space division-mode division multiplexer, decomposes an optical signal into a plurality of paths of signals, then sends the signals to a photoelectric detector for detection, converts the optical signal into an electric signal to obtain a plurality of paths of 16QAM signals, and performs dispersion compensation on the converted 16QAM signals to reduce the coupling between the modes;
step four: the 16QAM signal is applied to a self-adaptive step equalization algorithm in an MIMO equalizer to carry out MIMO equalization processing with different probabilities so as to carry out compensation mode coupling and modal delay;
step five: and finally, performing corresponding probability forming constellation demapping and digital signal processor processing to obtain initial bit data.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the first step is specifically as follows: according to the probability forming basic principle, a constellation probability mapping mode which accords with Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is adopted, and the probability of each symbol of the 16QAM after coding and mapping accords with the preset probability distribution:
that is, the probabilities of the constellation points from inside to outside on the constellation map are A, B, C respectively; wherein: pΔX(xi) Is the xiThe probability of the occurrence of each constellation point, v is a scaling factor, different v correspond to different probability distributions, M represents a modulation order, and then the signal obtained through probability shaping is sent to a modulator for modulation.
The second step is specifically as follows: the modulator modulates the 16QAM symbols onto the light waves emitted by the laser, then realizes the spatial phase distribution transformation of the light through a spatial phase plate of the mode converter, so that the fundamental mode transmitted in the single-mode optical fiber is converted into other high-order modes to carry different information, and then couples each path of mode signals into a multimode optical fiber link through the mode multiplexer for transmission.
The third step is specifically as follows: the receiving end decomposes the light wave signal into a plurality of paths of parallel signals, then the signals are filtered and selected in a plurality of modes through the mode demultiplexer, the signals are sent to the photoelectric detector for detection, the light signals are converted into electric signals to obtain a plurality of paths of 16QAM signals, and dispersion compensation is carried out on the converted 16QAM signals to reduce coupling between modes.
The fourth step is specifically as follows: the method comprises the following steps of applying a self-adaptive step equalization algorithm to carry out MIMO equalization processing with different probabilities on multiple paths of 16QAM signals in an MIMO equalizer to carry out compensation mode coupling and modal delay:
(1) initialization: w (0) ═ 1,0,. 0, 0]1×L，P(0)＝Φ(0)-1＝-1IL×L
W is a tap vector with the length of L, phi is an input autocorrelation matrix and is a regularization coefficient;
(2) for k 1.., n, the calculation update procedure is as follows:
step length calculation:
x (k) is filteringAn input of the device;
wherein: c is a constant and μ is a step factor;
and (3) outputting by a filter: u (k) ═ y (k) yH(k) w (k-1), y (k) is the output of the upper stage of the filter;
the gain vector is: z (k) u (k)HP(k-1)，
λ is a weighting factor;
inverse of the input data correlation matrix:
error signal: e (k) ═ 1-wH(k-1)u(k)
Updating a tap: w (k) ═ w (k-1) + μ (k) × g (k) × e (k)
(3) And (3) iterating the calculation process in the step (2) until the error is converged.
The fifth step is specifically as follows: the data is subjected to MIMO equalization processing and then sampling judgment on signals, then the receiving end performs demapping on the signals of three different probability distributions of the transmitting end, each constellation point in a non-uniform sixteen-point square constellation map is demapped according to a probability forming constellation mapping mode and a corresponding mapping rule to obtain bit data, and then the original bit data is obtained through a digital signal processor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the photon probability molding signal transmission method in the few-mode multi-core optical fiber combines a probability molding mapping method and a self-adaptive step length equalization algorithm in the few-mode multi-core optical fiber to obtain a new transmission method. Compared with the traditional method, the system has higher transmission capacity and flexible transmission rate on the premise of not increasing the sending power due to different probabilities of different modes; the adaptive equalization algorithm processing under different probability distributions can reduce the error rate in a short time under the condition that a channel is mutated in the transmission process, and has better anti-noise performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of probability shaped constellation mapping unit mapping rules;
FIG. 3 is a probability distribution diagram of probability shaped constellation mapping units;
FIG. 4 is a mode transition diagram;
fig. 5 is a transmission system signal processing flow diagram;
fig. 6 is a structure diagram of a MIMO equalizer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present embodiment, 3 mode 3 core fiber and 16QAM modulation format are taken as examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is a photon probability molding signal transmission method based on a few-mode multi-core fiber, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: combining 16QAM symbol information by probability forming of multi-channel parallel bit data, matching the 16QAM symbol information with probability by combining a probability distribution function to realize non-uniform distribution, then performing constellation mapping to obtain a group of 16QAM symbols with 3 different probability distributions, and then sending the 16QAM symbols to a modulator; the modulator modulates the 16QAM symbols onto laser emitted by the laser, then the coherence is eliminated by delaying through the mode converter, and 3 few-mode optical fiber signals bearing the 16QAM symbols are coupled into 3 fiber cores through the mode multiplexer for few-mode multi-core optical fiber transmission; the receiving end demultiplexes through a space division-mode division multiplexer, decomposes an optical signal into a plurality of paths of signals, then sends the signals to a photoelectric detector for detection, converts the optical signal into an electric signal to obtain a plurality of paths of 16QAM symbols, and performs dispersion compensation on the converted 16QAM symbols to reduce the coupling between the modes; the 16QAM symbol is subjected to MIMO equalization processing with different probabilities by applying an adaptive step equalization algorithm to perform compensation mode coupling and modal delay; and finally, performing corresponding probability forming constellation demapping and digital signal processor processing to obtain initial bit data.
The signal transmission method mainly comprises two parts of transmitting end modulation and receiving end demodulation, wherein the specific working flow of each module of the transmitting end is as follows:
(1) probability shaping constellation mapping unit with different modes
Bit data are changed into multi-channel parallel data through serial-parallel connection, then 16QAM symbol information is combined through probability forming, the 16QAM symbol information is matched with probability by combining a probability distribution function to realize non-uniform distribution, then constellation mapping is carried out to obtain 16QAM symbols with 3 different probability distributions, and then the 16QAM symbols are sent to a modulator.
In the patent, different probabilities are adopted for the three selected modes, and a constellation probability mapping mode conforming to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is adopted, so that the probability of each symbol of the 16QAM after coding and mapping follows the preset probability distribution:
wherein, PΔX(xi) V is a scaling factor for the probability of occurrence of each constellation point, with different v corresponding to different probability distributions. According to the probability forming basic principle, determining constellation mapping, wherein {0000, 0100, 1100 and 1000} corresponds to four constellation points in an inner circle of a constellation diagram, each constellation point corresponds to 4 bits, and the probability of each constellation point is A; {1011, 1111, 0111, 0011} corresponds to four constellation points at the outer circle in the constellation diagram, the probability of each constellation point is C, {1001, 1010, 1110, 1101, 0110, 0101, 0010, 0001} corresponds to eight points at the middle circle in the constellation diagram, and the probability is B. The specific mapping rule with the probability of each constellation point being 1/16 is shown in fig. 2, the probability distribution of the probability forming constellation mapping unit is shown in fig. 3, the signal with the probability of a after probability shaping is modulated into the optical fiber with the spatial mode of LP01, the signal with the probability of B is modulated into the optical fiber with the spatial mode of LP11a, and the signal with the probability of C is modulated into the optical fiber with the spatial mode of LP 11B;
(2) module for modular division multiplexing
The module comprises two parts, a mode converter and a mode multiplexer. The mode converter mainly adopts a space phase plate to realize mode conversion, and the space phase plate can realize the space of light in free spacePhase profile transformation, as shown in FIG. 3, whereby the fundamental LP mode of transmission in a single mode fiber01Conversion to higher order mode LP11aAnd LP11bTo carry different information, and then each path of mode signal is coupled into a multimode optical fiber link through a mode multiplexer for transmission.
(3) Space division multiplexing module
The 3x3 paths of different laser signals are subjected to time delay by a mode converter to eliminate coherence, and enter a space division multiplexer after being amplified by a mode amplifier, namely 3 FMF signals are coupled into 3 fiber cores by a fan-in device for transmission.
And the receiving end respectively carries out mode division and space division demultiplexing, an optical signal is decomposed into a plurality of paths of parallel signals and coupled into a single mode fiber through the demultiplexing process, MIMO equalization processing is carried out on the signals with different probability distributions after dispersion compensation of an electric domain, and finally judgment is carried out to finish constellation probability demapping of different modes. The specific work flow of each module is as follows:
(1) space division modular demultiplexing module
After being transmitted by the 3 mode 3 core optical fiber, the signal needs to be decomposed into a single tail fiber through a fan-out device, and then the signal passes through a mode demultiplexer, namely a mirror image of the mode multiplexer, so that the filtering and selection of a plurality of modes are completed, and the signal is restored into 3x3 paths of signals with different modes.
(2) MIMO equalization processing
The MIMO equalization processing algorithm under different probabilities is a core module of a receiving end, and an adaptive step size equalization algorithm is adopted in the MIMO equalization processing algorithm. The algorithm structure is shown in fig. 5:
y 1-y 3 are signals of three different probability distributions detected by the receiver, the probability of y1 is A, the probability of y2 is B, the probability of y3 is C, and z 1-z 3 are equalized signals. Three input signals with different probability distributions are filtered by an FIR filter to carry out dispersion compensation, and then an adaptive step size equalization algorithm is used in a 3x 3MIMO equalizer to carry out compensation mode coupling and modal delay.
The specific calculation process of the algorithm is as follows:
firstly, initializing: w (0) ═ 1,0,. 0, 0]1×L，P(0)＝Φ(0)-1＝-1IL×L
Where w is a tap vector of length L and Φ is the input autocorrelation matrix, which is the regularization coefficient.
② for k being 1, the calculation and updating steps are as follows:
step length calculation:
x (k) is the input to the filter;
wherein: c is a constant and μ is a step factor;
and (3) outputting by a filter: u (k) ═ y (k) yH(k) w (k-1), y (k) is the output of the upper stage of the filter;
the gain vector is: z (k) u (k)HP(k-1)，
λ is a weighting factor;
inverse of the input data correlation matrix:
error signal: e (k) ═ 1-wH(k-1)u(k)
Updating a tap: w (k) ═ w (k-1) + μ (k) × g (k) × e (k)
And iterating the calculation process in the step (III) until the error is converged.
In the process of few-mode multi-core transmission, inter-mode crosstalk and inter-core crosstalk exist, the inter-mode crosstalk interference is large, the method is used for processing, the influence of the inter-core crosstalk is small, and a simple self-adaptive algorithm is adopted.
(3) Probability shaping and constellation demapping
The probability constellation demapping under different modes is one of core modules of a receiving end and is similar to that of the transmitting end. After the data is subjected to MIMO equalization and then sampling decision processing on the signals, the receiving end performs demapping on the signals of three different probability distributions of the transmitting end, and each constellation point in the uniform sixteen-point square constellation map is demapped to 4-bit data according to a probability forming constellation mapping mode and a corresponding mapping rule.
(4) Digital signal processing
And recovering the original signal from the information after constellation demapping through a digital signal processor.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A photon probability forming signal transmission method based on few-mode multi-core fiber is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that at a sending end, multi-path parallel bit data are mapped into 16QAM signals with different probability distributions by adopting a constellation probability mapping mode of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and the 16QAM signals are sent to a modulator;
step two: the modulator modulates signals with different probability distributions to light waves with the wavelength of 1550nm generated by a laser, and then transmits the light waves through optical fibers with spatial modes of LP01, LP11a and LP11b to realize mode division multiplexing, and finally generates a plurality of paths of different signals to realize space division multiplexing through a fan-in device, so that information of a transmitting end enters a few-mode multi-core optical fiber to be transmitted to a receiving end;
step three: the receiving end demultiplexes through a space division-mode division multiplexer, decomposes an optical signal into a plurality of paths of signals, then sends the signals to a photoelectric detector for detection, converts the optical signal into an electric signal to obtain a plurality of paths of 16QAM symbols, and performs dispersion compensation on the converted 16QAM symbols to reduce the coupling between the modes;
step four: the 16QAM signal is applied to a self-adaptive step equalization algorithm in an MIMO equalizer to carry out MIMO equalization processing with different probabilities so as to carry out compensation mode coupling and modal delay;
step five: and finally, performing corresponding probability forming constellation demapping and digital signal processor processing to obtain initial bit data.
2. The photon probability molding signal transmission method based on the few-mode multi-core fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the first step is specifically as follows: adopting a constellation probability mapping mode which accords with Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to ensure that the probability of each symbol of the 16QAM after being coded and mapped accords with the preset probability distribution:
that is, the probabilities of the constellation points from inside to outside on the constellation map are A, B, C respectively; wherein: pΔX(xi) Is the xiThe probability of the occurrence of each constellation point, v is a scaling factor, different v correspond to different probability distributions, M represents a modulation order, and then the signal obtained through probability shaping is sent to a modulator for modulation.
3. The photon probability molding signal transmission method based on the few-mode multi-core fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the second step is specifically as follows: the modulator modulates the 16QAM symbol to the laser emitted by the laser, and then realizes the spatial phase distribution transformation of the laser through the spatial phase plate of the mode converter, thereby transmitting the fundamental mode LP in the single-mode optical fiber01Conversion to higher order mode LP11aAnd LP11bDifferent information is carried, and then each path of mode signal is coupled into a multimode optical fiber link through a mode multiplexer for transmission.
4. The photon probability molding signal transmission method based on the few-mode multi-core fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the third step is specifically as follows: the receiving end decomposes the light wave signal into a plurality of paths of parallel signals, then the signals are filtered and selected in a plurality of modes through the mode demultiplexer, the signals are sent to the photoelectric detector for detection, the light signals are converted into electric signals to obtain a plurality of paths of 16QAM signals, and dispersion compensation is carried out on the converted 16QAM signals to reduce coupling between modes.
5. The photon probability molding signal transmission method based on the few-mode multi-core fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fourth step is specifically as follows: the method comprises the following steps of applying a self-adaptive step equalization algorithm to carry out MIMO equalization processing with different probabilities on multiple paths of 16QAM signals in an MIMO equalizer to carry out compensation mode coupling and modal delay:
(1) initialization: w (0) ═ 1,0,. 0, 0]1×L,P(0)＝Φ(0)-1＝-1IL×L
W is a tap vector with the length of L, phi is an input autocorrelation matrix and is a regularization coefficient;
(2) for k 1.., n, the calculation update procedure is as follows:
step length calculation:
is the input of the filter;
wherein: c is a constant and μ is a step factor;
and (3) outputting by a filter: u (k) ═ y (k) yH(k) w (k-1), y (k) is the output of the upper stage of the filter;
the gain vector is: z (k) u (k)HP(k-1)，
λ is a weighting factor;
inverse of the input data correlation matrix:
error signal: e (k) ═ 1-wH(k-1)u(k)
Updating a tap: w (k) ═ w (k-1) + μ (k) × g (k) × e (k)
(3) And (3) iterating the calculation process in the step (2) until the error is converged.
6. The photon probability molding signal transmission method based on the few-mode multi-core fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fifth step is specifically as follows: the data is subjected to MIMO equalization processing and then sampling judgment on signals, then the receiving end performs demapping on the signals of three different probability distributions of the transmitting end, each constellation point in a non-uniform sixteen-point square constellation map is demapped according to a probability forming constellation mapping mode and a corresponding mapping rule to obtain bit data, and then the original bit data is obtained through a digital signal processor.
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| CN112671529B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-29 | 南京信息工程大学 | Few-mode P-bit high-safety transmission method based on constellation disturbance |
| CN113541797B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-07-29 | 北京邮电大学 | Adaptive probability forming method and system for six-mode optical fiber |
| CN114513260B (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2024-03-08 | 南京信息工程大学 | Multi-core optical fiber transmission method based on high-dimensional constellation multi-level encryption |
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| CN114745045B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-11-03 | 吉林大学 | C-OTDR-based few-mode optical fiber differential mode group delay measurement method |
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| CN115361068B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-09-05 | 北京邮电大学 | Self-adaptive damage equalization method and device for multi-core few-mode optical fiber signals |
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