CN111060553B - Method for determining forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, alloy forging and forging method and application thereof - Google Patents

Method for determining forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, alloy forging and forging method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111060553B
CN111060553B CN201911246404.8A CN201911246404A CN111060553B CN 111060553 B CN111060553 B CN 111060553B CN 201911246404 A CN201911246404 A CN 201911246404A CN 111060553 B CN111060553 B CN 111060553B
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forging
alloy
die
temperature
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CN111060553A (en
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曲敬龙
荣义
张国栋
邰清安
王丹
杜金辉
赵兴东
南洋
杨成斌
唐超
毕中南
闵慧娜
谷雨
安腾
史玉亭
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
Gaona Aero Material Co Ltd
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
Gaona Aero Material Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, an alloy forging and a forging method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out differential thermal analysis on differential thermal analysis samples with different aluminum and titanium contents, and recording the growth temperature of crystal grains under different aluminum and titanium contents to obtain a relational expression between the aluminum and titanium contents; compressing the compressed sample, then carrying out anatomical analysis, recording the grain sizes at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, and obtaining a relational expression among the forging temperature, the grain growth temperature, the grain size and the deformation amount; and integrating the two relational expressions to obtain the relational expression among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the contents of aluminum and titanium, and obtaining the alloy forging temperature according to the numerical values of the rest parameters in the relational expression. According to the method, the accurate workpiece forging temperature can be obtained, the method is used for accurately guiding the production of the GH4738 alloy workpiece, the uniformity of the workpiece structure and the performance margin are improved, and the rejection rate is reduced.

Description

Method for determining forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, alloy forging and forging method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of alloy forging, in particular to a method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, an alloy forging, a forging method and application thereof.
Background
The GH4738 alloy is widely applied to various fields of high-end equipment hot end parts, fasteners, annular forgings and the like due to good strengthening and toughening matching property, long-term structure stability and excellent fatigue creep interaction performance, and the alloy is prepared by different requirements on the microstructure of the alloy and different hot working processes due to different requirements on the service environments of materials in various fields. For example: the engine turbine disk and the gas turbine disk need high strength and excellent fatigue performance, need relatively fine grain structures, but need to ensure good creep endurance performance, so the grain structures cannot be too fine and are generally controlled between ASTM 5-8 grades, and two sizes of gamma' strengthening phases are arranged in a matrix, and the sizes are respectively about 350nm and 50 nm. The performance requirements of annular forgings such as aeroengine sealing rings, casings and the like are slightly lower than those of disc parts, but the grain structure is generally required to be between ASTM 3-7 grades, the strength and the durability are simultaneously considered, and gamma' strengthening phases with two sizes are also arranged in a matrix. The turbine blade usually focuses on endurance and creep property, and the proper strength is maintained, the grain structure is usually controlled between ASTM 2-4 grade, the matrix usually has only one size of gamma' strengthening phase, and the size is about 80 nm. The wire materials such as fasteners and the like generally require good stress relaxation performance, and need to be subjected to appropriate solution treatment after cold deformation to adjust grain size and precipitated phase so as to achieve good matching.
Because of the many uses and processing options of the GH4738 alloy, it is difficult to achieve the desired structural properties with a slight degree of mishandling, resulting in product scrap. In the prior art, the hot processing temperature is generally set roughly according to the past experience, so that the material cannot be exerted to the utmost, or the problems of poor structure uniformity, low performance margin, high rejection rate and the like are frequently caused by improper treatment.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, which adopts a scientific means to obtain a relational expression between the forging temperature and the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content, can determine the accurate and reasonable workpiece forging temperature according to the relational expression, can be used for accurately guiding the production of GH4738 alloy workpieces, and effectively avoids the problems of poor uniformity of workpiece structures, low performance margin, high rejection rate and the like, thereby effectively utilizing GH4738 alloy raw materials.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a forging method of GH4738 alloy.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a GH4738 alloy forging.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide application of the GH4738 alloy forging in preparation of aerospace fittings or ground combustion engine fittings.
A fifth object of the invention is to provide an aerospace or ground combustion engine accessory.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of determining the forging temperature of a GH4738 alloy, comprising:
(a) providing GH4738 alloy bars with different Al + Ti contents;
(b) preparing the alloy bar into a differential thermal analysis sample, carrying out differential thermal analysis on the differential thermal analysis sample, and recording the grain growth temperature T of the alloy differential thermal analysis samples with different Al + Ti contentsDieTo obtain the crystal grain growth temperature TDieAnd Al + Ti content;
(c) preparing the alloy bar into compression samples, compressing the compression samples with different Al + Ti contents at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, carrying out anatomical analysis after compression, and recording crystal grains at different deformation amounts and different forging temperaturesThe forging temperature and the crystal grain growth temperature T are obtainedDieThe grain size and the deformation amount are expressed by the following relational expression (2);
(d) and (3) integrating the relation (1) and the relation (2) to obtain a relation (3) among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content, and determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy.
As a further preferable technical scheme, in the step (a), the content of Al and Ti is in a range of 3.95 wt% to 4.9 wt%;
preferably, the Al + Ti content varies in a gradient of 0.05 wt% to 0.15 wt%;
preferably, the Al content varies from 1.2 wt% to 1.6 wt% and/or the Ti content varies from 2.75 wt% to 3.3 wt%.
As a more preferable embodiment, in the step (b), the diameter of the differential thermal analysis sample is 5mm and the height thereof is 3 mm.
As a further preferable technical scheme, in the step (b), the alloy bar is sequentially subjected to grinding, polishing and chemical corrosion to obtain the differential thermal analysis sample;
preferably, the apparatus used to perform the differential thermal analysis comprises a differential thermal analyzer with in situ observation.
As a further preferred embodiment, in the step (c), the diameter of the compressed sample is 8mm and the height thereof is 12 mm; alternatively, the compressed sample has a diameter of 10mm and a height of 15 mm.
As a more preferable mode, in the step (c), the forging temperature is changed in the range of (T) during the compressionDie+10)K～(TDie+100)K；
Preferably, the forging temperature gradient during compression is 8-13K;
preferably, in step (c), the deformation amount during compression ranges from 30% to 90%;
preferably, the gradient of the change in deformation upon compression is 15% to 25%.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a forging method of GH4738 alloy, and the GH4738 alloy is forged at the forging temperature obtained by the method for determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a GH4738 alloy forging which is forged by the forging method.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides an application of a GH4738 alloy forging in preparation of aerospace fittings or ground combustion engine fittings;
preferably, the aerospace accessory comprises an aircraft engine turbine disk, turbine blade, engine containment ring, casing, or fastener;
preferably, the ground turbine fitting comprises a ground turbine disk or turbine blade.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides an aerospace fitting or a ground combustion engine fitting, which comprises the GH4738 alloy forging;
preferably, the aerospace accessory comprises an aircraft engine turbine disk, turbine blade, engine containment ring, casing, or fastener;
preferably, the ground turbine fitting comprises a ground turbine disk or turbine blade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy provided by the invention records the grain growth temperature T under different Al + Ti contentsDieFurther obtaining the crystal grain growth temperature TDieAnd Al + Ti content; then recording the grain sizes under different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, and further obtaining a relational expression (2) among the forging temperature, the grain growth temperature, the grain size and the deformation amount; and integrating the two relational expressions to obtain the relational expression among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content, and then obtaining the GH4738 alloy forging temperature according to the Al + Ti content, the grain size to be achieved and the deformation to be achieved.
According to the method, a relation among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content is obtained by a scientific means, the accurate and reasonable workpiece forging temperature can be determined according to the relation, the method can be used for accurately guiding the production of the GH4738 alloy workpiece, and the problems of poor workpiece structure uniformity, low performance margin, high rejection rate and the like are effectively avoided, so that the GH4738 alloy raw material is effectively utilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the grain growth temperature and the Al + Ti content obtained by the method of example 1-1.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of determining a forging temperature of a GH4738 alloy, comprising:
(a) providing GH4738 alloy bars with different Al + Ti contents;
(b) preparing the alloy bar into a differential thermal analysis sample, carrying out differential thermal analysis on the differential thermal analysis sample, and recording the grain growth temperature T of the differential thermal analysis sample with different Al + Ti contentsDieTo obtain the crystal grain growth temperature TDieAnd Al + Ti content;
(c) preparing the alloy bar into compression samples, compressing the compression samples with different Al + Ti contents at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, carrying out anatomical analysis after compression, recording the grain sizes at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, and obtaining forging temperature and grain growth temperature TDieThe grain size and the deformation amount are expressed by the following relational expression (2);
(d) and (3) integrating the relation (1) and the relation (2) to obtain a relation (3) among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content, and determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy.
The method records the grain growth temperature T under different Al + Ti contentsDieFurther obtaining the crystal grain growth temperature TDieAnd Al + Ti content; then recording the grain sizes under different deformation and different forging temperatures, and further obtaining the forging temperature, the grain growth temperature, the grain size and the deformationThe relation (2) therebetween; and integrating the two relational expressions to obtain the relational expression among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content, and then obtaining the GH4738 alloy forging temperature according to the Al + Ti content, the grain size to be achieved and the deformation to be achieved.
According to the method, a relation among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content is obtained by a scientific means, the accurate and reasonable workpiece forging temperature can be determined according to the relation, the method can be used for accurately guiding the production of the GH4738 alloy workpiece, and the problems of poor workpiece structure uniformity, low performance margin, high rejection rate and the like are effectively avoided, so that the GH4738 alloy raw material is effectively utilized.
It should be noted that:
in the step (a), "providing GH4738 alloy bars with different Al + Ti contents" means: providing at least five GH4738 alloy bars having different Al + Ti contents, wherein the Al + Ti contents of the at least five GH4738 alloy bars having different Al + Ti contents comprise at least one of:
(1) the Al content and the Ti content are different, and the total content of the Al and the Ti is different;
(2) the Al content is the same, the Ti content is different, and the total content of Al and Ti is different;
(3) the Ti content is the same, the Al content is different, and the total content of Al and Ti is different.
The GH4738 alloy bar samples with different Al + Ti contents are different from GH4738 alloy bar samples in that the Al + Ti content and the Ni content are different, and the rest alloy elements are the same, namely the Al + Ti content is adjusted by the Ni content.
The above "different Al + Ti contents" means that the total contents of Al and Ti in the alloy bar are different, and the "total contents of Al and Ti" or "Al + Ti contents" means that the total mass of Al and Ti accounts for the mass of the alloy bar.
The "Al content" refers to the mass percentage of Al to the mass of the alloy bar, and the "Ti content" refers to the mass percentage of Ti to the mass of the alloy bar.
The GH4738 alloy bar refers to a bar formed by cogging GH4738 alloy cast ingots, and the GH4738 alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
Figure BDA0002304851220000071
the "deformation amount" refers to a percentage of increase in the cross-sectional area after compression relative to the cross-sectional area before compression according to the principle of volume invariance, that is, the deformation amount is (cross-sectional area after compression-cross-sectional area before compression)/cross-sectional area before compression × 100%.
In the step (b), "recording the grain growth temperature T of different Al + Ti content differential thermal analysis samplesDie"means that the grain growth temperature T of at least 5 differential thermal analysis samples with different Al + Ti contents is recordedDie。
For example, the grain growth temperature T of the differential thermal analysis samples with Al + Ti contents W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5, respectively, is recordedDieMeans that the following two sets of data are recorded: (1) w1, TCrystal grain 1；(2)W2、TCrystal grain 2；(3)W3、TCrystal grain 3；(4)W4、TCrystal grain 4；(5)W5、TCrystal grain 5。
Then obtaining the crystal grain growth temperature TDieAnd Al + Ti content (1).
In the step (c), "compression samples with different Al + Ti contents are compressed at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures" means that: at least 5 compressed samples with different Al + Ti contents are compressed at least two deformation amounts and at least two forging temperatures.
For example, the deformation amounts ε 1 and ε 2 of the compression specimens with Al + Ti contents W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5, respectively, and the forging temperatures TForging 1、TForging 2、TForging 3、TForging 4、TForging 5、TForging 6、TForging 7、TForging 8、TForging 9、TForging 10When compressed, the compression test included:
(1) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W1 was ε 1, and the forging temperature was TForging 1Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(2) for Al + Ti content W1The deformation of the compressed sample is epsilon 2 and the forging temperature is TForging 2Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(3) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W2 was ε 1, and the forging temperature was TForging 3Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(4) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W2 was ∈ 2, and the forging temperature was TForging 4Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(5) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W3 was ε 1, and the forging temperature was TForging 5Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(6) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W3 was ∈ 2, and the forging temperature was TForging 6Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(7) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W4 was ε 1, and the forging temperature was TForging 7Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(8) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W4 was ∈ 2, and the forging temperature was TForging 8Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(9) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W5 was ε 1, and the forging temperature was TForging 9Compressing under the conditions of (a);
(10) the deformation amount of the compressed sample having an Al + Ti content of W5 was ∈ 2, and the forging temperature was TForging 10Is compressed under the conditions of (1).
"recording grain sizes at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures" means recording the grain sizes of crystals in all compression samples after compression test, for example, when the deformation amounts are respectively ε 1 and ε 2 and the forging temperatures are respectively T for compression samples having the above Al + Ti contents W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5Forging 1、TForging 2、TForging 3、TForging 4、TForging 5、TForging 6、TForging 7、TForging 8、TForging 9、TForging 10After the compression test was performed, the grain sizes of the crystals in the above tests (1) to (10) were recorded.
Al + Ti content, grain growth temperature TDieThere is a one-to-one correspondence between the amount of deformation, forging temperature, and grain size, for example, for the above test, four sets of data can be obtained:
(1)W1、Tcrystal grain 1、ε1、TForging 1、DCrystal grain 1；
(2)W1、TCrystal grain 1、ε2、TForging 2、DCrystal grain 2；
(3)W2、TCrystal grain 2、ε1、TForging 3、DCrystal grain 3；
(4)W2、TCrystal grain 2、ε2、TForging 4、DCrystal grain 4；
(5)W3、TCrystal grain 3、ε1、TForging 5、DCrystal grain 5；
(6)W3、TCrystal grain 3、ε2、TForging 6、DCrystal grain 6；
(7)W4、TCrystal grain 4、ε1、TForging 7、DCrystal grain 7；
(8)W4、TCrystal grain 4、ε2、TForging 8、DCrystal grain 8；
(9)W5、TCrystal grain 5、ε1、TForging 9、DDie 9；
(10)W5、TCrystal grain 5、ε2、TForging 10、DDie 10。
According to the four groups of data, the forging temperature and the grain growth temperature T can be obtainedDieAnd the grain size and the amount of deformation are expressed by the following formula (2).
In step (d), "integrating the relation (1) and the relation (2)" means: the crystal grain growth temperature T in the relation (1)DieSubstituted into the relation (2), i.e. the grain growth temperature T in the relation (2)DieExpressed by Al + Ti content, the relation (3) among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content is finally obtained.
And finally, according to the relation (3), before a specific GH4738 alloy is actually forged, substituting the grain size required to be achieved, the deformation to be achieved and the Al + Ti content in the alloy into the relation (3), and calculating to obtain the corresponding GH4738 alloy forging temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the Al + Ti content in step (a) varies from 3.95 wt% to 4.9 wt%. Such amounts can vary, for example, from 3.95 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.05 wt%, 4.1 wt%, 4.15 wt%, 4.2 wt%, 4.25 wt%, 4.3 wt%, 4.35 wt%, 4.4 wt%, 4.45 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4.55 wt%, 4.6 wt%, 4.65 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4.75 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.85 wt%, or 4.95 wt%, including but not limited to a combination of any two of 3.95 wt% to 4.9 wt%, 4.05 wt% to 4.9 wt%, 4.1 wt% to 4.8 wt%, 4.15 wt% to 4.9 wt%, 4.2 wt% to 4.75 wt%, 4.25 wt% to 4.85 wt%, 4.5 wt% to 4.9 wt%, 4.7 wt% to 4.9 wt%, or 4.8 wt% to 4.9 wt%, etc. The mass percentage of Al and Ti in the GH4738 alloy is generally in the range of 3.95 wt% to 4.9 wt%, so that when the total content of Al and Ti is in the above range, the influence of different Al + Ti contents on the forging temperature can be completely and accurately determined.
Preferably, the Al + Ti content varies in a gradient of 0.05 wt% to 0.15 wt%. The gradient may be, for example, 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt% or 0.15 wt%. The variation gradient means that the specific value of the Al + Ti content is taken once every other variation gradient from the minimum endpoint value until the maximum endpoint value is taken within the variation range of the Al + Ti content. The gradient may be a specific value within the above range, or may be a combination of two or more values within the above range (e.g., a combination of 0.05 wt% and 0.1 wt%). For example, when the Al + Ti content varies from 3.95 wt% to 4.85 wt% and the variation gradient is 0.1 wt%, the Al + Ti content takes values of 3.95 wt%, 4.05 wt%, 4.15 wt%, 4.25 wt%, 4.35 wt%, 4.45 wt%, 4.65 wt%, 4.75 wt%, and 4.85 wt%, respectively. The change gradient is reasonable, different Al + Ti contents can be obtained as much as possible in the change range of the Al + Ti content, and the accuracy of the relation (1) is improved. If the variation gradient is too large, the recorded grain growth temperature T under different Al + Ti contentsDieThe data is too little, and the precision of the relation (1) is low; if the variation gradient is too small, the workload is increased, and the accuracy of the obtained relation (1) cannot be further effectively improved.
Preferably, the Al content varies from 1.2 wt% to 1.6 wt% and/or the Ti content varies from 2.75 wt% to 3.3 wt%. The Al content can vary, for example, from 1.2 wt%, 1.25 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.35 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.45 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.55 wt%, or 1.6 wt% in combination of any two of, including but not limited to, 1.2 wt% to 1.6 wt%, 1.25 wt% to 1.55 wt%, 1.35 wt% to 1.6 wt%, 1.4 wt% to 1.6 wt%, or 1.5 wt% to 1.6 wt%, and the like. The Ti content can vary, for example, from 2.75 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.85 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 2.95 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.05 wt%, 3.1 wt%, 3.15 wt%, 3.2 wt%, 3.25 wt%, or 3.3 wt% in combination with any two of these, including but not limited to 2.75 wt% to 3.3 wt%, 2.8 wt% to 3.1 wt%, 2.95 wt% to 3.25 wt%, or 3.05 wt% to 3.3 wt%, and the like. When the variation range of the Al content and/or the variation range of the Ti content are within the ranges, the content ranges of the Al content and the Ti content in the GH4738 alloy can be covered, and the relationship between the complete GH4738 alloy bars with different Al + Ti contents and the grain growth temperature thereof can be obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (b), the diameter of the differential thermal analysis sample is 5mm and the height is 3 mm. When the diameter and height of the differential thermal analysis sample are the above preferred, the subsequent differential thermal analysis is facilitated.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (b), the alloy bar is sequentially subjected to grinding, polishing and chemical etching to obtain the differential thermal analysis sample. After the grinding, polishing and chemical corrosion, impurities on the surface of the differential thermal analysis sample are removed, the grain size of the alloy is displayed, and the real and reliable differential thermal analysis data, such as the growth temperature of crystal grains, the precipitation peak temperature of precipitated phases and the like, can be obtained.
Preferably, the apparatus used to perform the differential thermal analysis comprises a differential thermal analyzer with in situ observation. The above-mentioned "differential thermal analyzer with in-situ observation" means a differential thermal analyzer capable of in-situ observation, which means observation of a phenomenon that is actually occurring, continuous and comprehensive. The differential thermal analyzer for in-situ observation can store the heat absorption and release curve brought by phase precipitation and dissolution enthalpy change in the alloy heating and heat preservation processes, and can synchronously observe the change of the microstructure of an alloy sample at the experimental temperature, namely the grain structure.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (c), the compressed sample has a diameter of 8mm and a height of 12 mm; alternatively, the compressed sample has a diameter of 10mm and a height of 15 mm. When the diameter and height of the compressed sample are the above preferences, subsequent compression testing is facilitated.
Preferably, in the step (c), the forging temperature at the time of compression is varied within a range of (T)Die+10)K～(TDie+100) K. The forging temperature is varied within a range of, for example, (T)Die+10)K、(TDie+20)K、(TDie+30)K、(TDie+40)K、(TDie+50)K、(TDie+60)K、(TDie+70)K、(TDie+80)K、(TDie+90) K or (TDie+100) K, including but not limited to (T)Die+10)K～(TDie+100)K、(TDie+20)K～(TDie+70)K、(TDie+30)K～(TDie+90)K、(TDie+40)K～(TDie+80)K、(TDie+60)K～(TDie+90) K or (TDie+80)K～(TDie+100) K, and the like. If the forging temperature is too low, repeated heating is needed, and the production efficiency is low; the forging temperature is not too high, the phenomena of overheating, overburning and the like are easy to occur when the temperature is too high, and the crystal grains are too large to form a coarse structure, so that the mechanical property of the forged piece is reduced. When the variation range of the forging temperature is in the range, the crystal grains can be ensured to grow, and the overlarge size of the crystal grains can be avoided, so that the mechanical property of the forging is ensured.
Preferably, the forging temperature gradient during compression is 8-13K. The gradient is, for example, 8K, 10K or 13K. The 'variation gradient' means that the specific value of the forging temperature is taken once every variation gradient from the minimum endpoint value until the maximum endpoint value is taken within the variation range of the forging temperature. The gradient may be a specific value within the above range, or may be a combination of two or more values within the above range (e.g., a combination of 8K and 10K). For example, when the forging temperature is varied within a range of (T)Die+10)K～(TDie+100) K, and a gradient of 10K, forgingThe values of the manufacturing temperature are respectively (T)Die+10)K、(TDie+20)K、(TDie+30)K、(TDie+40)K、(TDie+50)K、(TDie+60)K、(TDie+70)K、(TDie+80)K、(TDie+90) K and (TDie+100)K。
Preferably, in the step (c), the deformation amount upon compression ranges from 30% to 90%. The above-mentioned deformation amounts may vary, for example, in a range of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% in combination of any two thereof, including but not limited to 30% -90%, 40% -75%, 55% -85%, 60% -90%, or 80% -90%, etc. The required deformation amounts of different GH4738 alloy forgings are different, the recrystallization degree and the structure uniformity of crystal grains under different deformation amounts are different, when the variation range of the deformation amounts is in the range, the deformation amounts of most GH4738 alloy forgings can be covered, the obtained data is more complete, and the accuracy of the obtained relation (3) is higher.
Preferably, the gradient of the change in deformation upon compression is 15% to 25%. The gradient may be, for example, 15%, 20% or 25%. The 'change gradient' means that the specific value of the deformation is taken once every other change gradient from the minimum endpoint value until the maximum endpoint value is taken within the change range of the deformation. The gradient may be a specific value within the above range, or may be a combination of two or more values within the above range (e.g., a combination of 15% and 20 wt%). For example, when the deformation amount varies from 30% to 90% and the variation gradient is 20%, the deformation amount takes on values of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%, respectively.
The change gradient of the forging temperature and the change gradient of the deformation are reasonable, different forging temperatures and different deformations can be obtained as much as possible in the change range of the forging temperature and the deformation, and the accuracy of the relation (2) is improved. If the variation gradient is too large, the grain growth temperature T is recorded at different forging temperatures and deformation amountsDieThe data is too little, and the precision of the relation (2) is low; if it is notIf the gradient of the change is too small, the workload is increased, and the accuracy of the obtained relation (2) cannot be further effectively improved.
Optionally, after the data is recorded in the step (b) and the step (c), the data is sorted, and then the corresponding relational expression is obtained. The data is collated in a manner that includes at least one of a scatter plot, a linear fit, or a multivariate fit. For example, the relation (1) can be obtained by performing a scatter plot and a linear fit, and the relation (2) can be obtained by performing a multivariate fit.
The method can accurately determine the forging temperature of the high-quality GH4738 alloy, can effectively ensure the type and the content of the gamma' phase of the alloy strengthening phase by controlling the forging temperature, and simultaneously ensures the grain size range of the alloy strengthening phase, thereby preparing the forged piece with uniform structure and excellent performance and simultaneously improving the product percent of pass.
According to one aspect of the invention, a forging method of GH4738 alloy is provided, and the GH4738 alloy is forged at a forging temperature obtained by the method for determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy. The forging temperature in the forging method is scientific and accurate, the grain size of the forging method can reach the required range, so that the forged piece with uniform tissue form and excellent performance is obtained, the raw material waste caused by improper forging temperature can be effectively avoided, and the product percent of pass is improved.
According to one aspect of the invention, a GH4738 alloy forging is provided, and is forged by the forging method. The GH4738 alloy forging is forged by the forging method, so that the GH4738 alloy forging has the advantages of meeting the requirement on grain size, uniform structure, excellent performance and high qualification rate.
The "GH 4738 alloy forging" referred to above refers to a GH4738 alloy forging, including, but not limited to, a disc forging or an annular forging.
According to one aspect of the invention, the application of the GH4738 alloy forging in preparing aerospace fittings or ground combustion engine fittings is provided. The GH4738 alloy forging is applied to the preparation of aerospace accessories or ground gas turbine accessories, so that the scientificity of the preparation process can be improved, the waste of raw materials is reduced, and the performance margin and the product yield of the aerospace accessories or the ground gas turbine accessories are improved.
Preferably, the aerospace accessory comprises an aircraft engine turbine disk, turbine blade, engine containment ring, casing, or fastener;
preferably, the ground turbine fitting comprises a ground turbine disk or turbine blade.
According to one aspect of the invention, an aerospace fitting or a ground combustion engine fitting is provided, comprising the GH4738 alloy forging. The aerospace fitting or the ground combustion engine fitting comprises the GH4738 alloy forging, so that the aerospace fitting or the ground combustion engine fitting at least has the advantages of high performance margin and high product qualification rate.
Preferably, the aerospace accessory comprises an aircraft engine turbine disk, turbine blade, engine containment ring, casing, or fastener;
preferably, the ground turbine fitting comprises a ground turbine disk or turbine blade.
The aerospace parts refer to various mechanical parts applicable to the aerospace field.
The above-mentioned "ground combustion engine accessory" refers to various mechanical parts to which the ground combustion engine can be applied.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method of determining a forging temperature of a GH4738 alloy, comprising:
(a) providing GH4738 alloy bars with different Al + Ti contents; wherein the variation range of the Al content is 1.2-1.6 wt%, and the variation range of the Ti content is 2.75-3.3 wt%; the variation range of the Al and Ti content is 3.95 wt% -4.9 wt%, and the variation gradient of the Al and Ti content is 0.1 wt%;
(b) mechanically grinding, polishing and chemically corroding the alloy with different Al + Ti contents to obtain differential thermal analysis samples with the diameter of 5mm and the height of 3mm, placing the differential thermal analysis samples in a differential thermal analyzer (model EC2000 DSC, manufactured by Nanjing GmbH of Europe scientific instruments) with in-situ observation for observation, and recording the crystal grain growth temperature T under different Al + Ti contentsDie(ii) a By making a scatter plot, the grain growth temperature T is foundDieThe content of Al and Ti is approximately in a linear relation, and the crystal grain growth temperature T is obtained through linear fittingDieAnd Al + Ti content, the relation (1):
Tdie＝53.94×W(Al+Ti)+803 (1)；
Wherein, W(Al+Ti)Is (Al + Ti content). times.100;
(c) preparing the alloy bar into a compression sample with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm, and compressing the compression sample at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, wherein the variation range of the forging temperature is (T)Die+10)K～(TDie+100) K, the gradient of the forging temperature is 10K, the variation range of the deformation is 30% -90%, and the gradient of the deformation is 20%; carrying out dissection analysis after compression, and recording grain sizes at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures; obtaining a relational expression (2) among the forging temperature, the grain growth temperature, the grain size and the deformation amount through multivariate fitting:
Tforging process＝TDie+9.8×(10-DDie)×ε-0.122 (2)；
Wherein, TForging processTo forging temperature, DDieε represents the amount of strain X100 as the grain size.
(d) Integrating the relation (1) and the relation (2) to obtain a relation (3) among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation amount and the Al + Ti content:
Tforging process＝53.94×W(Al+Ti)+803+9.8×(10-DDie)×ε-0.122 (3)；
Before a specific GH4738 alloy is forged, the Al + Ti content of the alloy, the grain size to be achieved and the deformation to be achieved are substituted into the relational expression (3), and the corresponding GH4738 alloy forging temperature is calculated.
Examples 1 to 1
A method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, which is different from example 1, the Al + Ti content of the alloy varies in a gradient of 0.01 wt% to 0.15 wt%, and the Al + Ti content varies in a range of 3.9 wt% to 4.8 wt%, all the other being the same as example 1.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the grain growth temperature and the Al + Ti content obtained by the method of this example, and the graph includes the Al + Ti content and the grain growth temperature TDieThe scatter points are in one-to-one correspondence with the Al + Ti content and the grain growth temperature T after fittingDieThe linear relationship between.
Example 2
A forging method of a GH4738 alloy disc forging piece is characterized in that the GH4738 alloy is forged at the forging temperature obtained by the method in the embodiment 1, and the disc forging piece is obtained.
The strength level of the obtained disc forging is greatly improved compared with the traditional empirical process, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002304851220000171
The grain size of the disc forging obtained in the embodiment 2 is 6-7 levels, and the grain size of the disc forging in the traditional process is 3+7 levels of mixed crystal texture.
Example 3
A forging method of an annular GH4738 alloy forging piece is characterized in that the GH4738 alloy is forged at the forging temperature obtained by the method in the embodiment 1, and the annular forging piece is obtained.
The grain size uniformity, the gamma' strengthening matching and the durability of the obtained annular forging are greatly improved compared with those of the traditional empirical process, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002304851220000172
Example 4
A method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, different from example 1, the Al + Ti content in this example varied from 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%, and the obtained relationship varied. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Examples 5 to 6
A method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy, different from example 1, the Al + Ti contents of examples 5 to 6 varied in gradient of 0.02 wt% and 0.2 wt%, respectively, and the obtained corresponding relations differed. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 7
A method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy is different from that of example 1 in that the forging temperature is varied within the range of (T)Die+5)K～(TDie+70) K, and the corresponding relationships obtained differ. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Examples 8 to 9
Different from the embodiment 1, the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy in the embodiments 8-9 has the gradient of 5K and 15K respectively, and the obtained corresponding relation is different. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 10
Different from the embodiment 1, the deformation amount in the embodiment is changed within the range of 25-80%, and the obtained corresponding relation formula is different. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Examples 11 to 12
A method for determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy is different from that of example 1 in that the variation gradients of deformation amounts in examples 11-12 are 10% and 30%, respectively, and the obtained corresponding relations are different. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Examples 13 to 21
A forging method of a GH4738 alloy disc forging piece is characterized in that the GH4738 alloy is forged at the forging temperatures obtained by the methods in examples 4-12 respectively to obtain the disc forging piece.
The strength of the resulting disc forging is shown in Table 3, together with the strength of example 2 and the disc forging obtained using the conventional process.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002304851220000191
Figure BDA0002304851220000201
As can be seen from Table 3, the strength of the disc forging obtained in each embodiment is superior to that of the disc forging prepared by the traditional process, so that the GH4738 alloy disc forging is forged at the forging temperature determined by the method disclosed by the invention, the structure uniformity of the GH4738 alloy disc forging is better, and the strength of the forging is improved.
Further analysis shows that the strength of the embodiment 2 is better than that of the embodiment 13, which shows that the obtained forging temperature is more accurate and reasonable by optimizing the variation range of the Al + Ti content, and the application range of the obtained relational expression is wider; the strength of example 2 is equivalent to that of example 14, which shows that further reduction of the gradient of the Al + Ti content does not significantly improve the accuracy of the forging temperature, but only slightly improves the accuracy, but the operation is time-consuming and more costly; the strength of example 2 is better than that of example 15, which shows that the forging temperature can be more accurate and reasonable by optimizing the variation gradient of the Al + Ti content; the strength of the embodiment 2 is better than that of the embodiment 16, which shows that the obtained forging temperature can be more accurate and reasonable by optimizing the variation range of the forging temperature, the accuracy of the obtained relational expression is reduced after the variation range of the forging temperature is reduced, and the application range is narrowed; the strength of the example 2 is equivalent to that of the example 17, which shows that the effect of further reducing the variation gradient of the forging temperature on the improvement of the accuracy of the forging temperature is not obvious, and the accuracy of the relation obtained in the example 17 is higher, but the time and the labor are wasted, and the cost is higher; the strength of the example 2 is better than that of the example 18, which shows that the obtained forging temperature can be more accurate and reasonable by optimizing the change gradient of the forging temperature, and the accuracy of the obtained relational expression is reduced after the change gradient of the forging temperature is increased; the strength of example 2 is better than that of example 19, which shows that the forging temperature can be more accurate and reasonable by optimizing the variation range of the deformation amount, and that the accuracy of the relational expression is reduced by reducing the variation range of the deformation amount; the strength of example 2 is equivalent to that of example 20, which shows that the effect of further reducing the gradient of the deformation on the improvement of the forging temperature accuracy is not obvious, and although the accuracy of the relational expression in example 20 is higher, the time and the labor are wasted, and the cost is higher; the strength of example 2 is better than that of example 21, which shows that the forging temperature can be more accurately and reasonably obtained by optimizing the gradient of the deformation, and the accuracy of the relational expression is reduced by the excessive gradient of the deformation.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of determining a forging temperature of a GH4738 alloy, comprising:
(a) providing GH4738 alloy bars with different Al + Ti contents;
wherein the variation range of the Al + Ti content is 3.95 wt% -4.9 wt%; the variation gradient of the Al and Ti content is 0.05 wt% -0.15 wt%; the Al content varies from 1.2 wt% to 1.6 wt%, and/or the Ti content varies from 2.75 wt% to 3.3 wt%;
(b) preparing the alloy bar into a differential thermal analysis sample, carrying out differential thermal analysis on the differential thermal analysis sample, and recording the grain growth temperature T of the differential thermal analysis sample with different Al + Ti contentsDieTo obtain the crystal grain growth temperature TDieAnd Al + Ti content, formula 1:
Tdie=53.94×W（Al+Ti）+803；
Wherein, W（Al+Ti）The Al + Ti content is multiplied by 100;
(c) preparing the alloy bar into compression samples, compressing the compression samples with different Al + Ti contents at different deformation amounts and different forging temperatures, and carrying out anatomical analysis after compression;
wherein the forging temperature during the compression is varied within a range of (T)Die+10）K~（TDie+100) K; the gradient of the change of the forging temperature during compression is 8-13K;
the deformation during compression ranges from 30% to 90%; the gradient of deformation during compression is 15-25%;
recording the grain sizes under different deformation and different forging temperatures to obtain the forging temperature and the grain growth temperature TDieThe grain size and the amount of deformation are in relation 2:
Tforging process=TDie+9.8×（10-DDie）×ε-0.122；
Wherein, TForging processTo forging temperature, DDieThe grain size is, epsilon is the deformation x 100;
(d) integrating the relation 1 and the relation 2 to obtain a relation 3 among the forging temperature, the grain size, the deformation and the Al + Ti content:
Tforging process=53.94×W（Al+Ti）+803+9.8×（10-DDie）×ε-0.122；
Before the GH4738 alloy is forged, the Al + Ti content in the alloy, the grain size to be achieved and the deformation to be achieved are substituted into the relational expression 3, and the corresponding GH4738 alloy forging temperature is calculated.
2. The method of determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy of claim 1, wherein in step (b), the differential thermal analysis coupon has a diameter of 5mm and a height of 3 mm.
3. The method of determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy of claim 1, wherein in step (b), the alloy bar is subjected to the steps of grinding, polishing and chemical etching sequentially to obtain the differential thermal analysis sample.
4. The method of determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy of claim 3, wherein the instrument used to perform the differential thermal analysis comprises a differential thermal analyzer with in situ observation.
5. The method of determining the forging temperature of the GH4738 alloy of claim 1, wherein in step (c), the compressed sample has a diameter of 8mm and a height of 12 mm; alternatively, the compressed sample has a diameter of 10mm and a height of 15 mm.
6. A forging method of GH4738 alloy, characterized in that GH4738 alloy is forged at a forging temperature determined by the method of determining the forging temperature of GH4738 alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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