Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a U-shaped experimental water tank with a straight section and a bent section which can be split, wherein the U-shaped experimental water tank can realize the separation of the bent section and the straight section, so that the straight section water tank can be independently used for measuring two-dimensional and three-dimensional flow fields, the turbulent flow and laminar flow motion mechanisms on the micro scale can be researched, and the water flow in the straight section water tank is not influenced by the bent section water tank on the flow state of the water flow; when the curved-section water tank is needed in the riverbed erosion demonstration experiment, the curved-section water tank and the straight-section water tank are closed, and one tank of the U-shaped experiment water tank is applied to multiple purposes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a U-shaped experimental water tank with a detachable straight section and a detachable bent section comprises a first straight section water tank, a U-shaped bent section water tank and a second straight section water tank, wherein a guide rail is laid below the U-shaped bent section water tank, and a roller is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped bent section water tank and is arranged on the guide rail; the left side and the right side of the joint of the first straight-section water tank and the U-shaped bent-section water tank and the left side and the right side of the joint of the second straight-section water tank and the U-shaped bent-section water tank are symmetrically provided with a closing mechanism, and the closing mechanism comprises a first steel push plate fixedly connected with the U-shaped bent-section water tank, a second steel push plate fixedly connected with the straight-section water tank, a first hemisphere fixedly connected with the first steel push plate, a second hemisphere fixedly connected with the second steel push plate, a vacuum generator connected with the second hemisphere through a pipeline and a driving device for driving the first steel push plate to move relative to the second steel push plate; the driving device comprises a servo motor, a ball screw fixedly connected with the driving end of the servo motor and a sliding sleeve assembly sleeved outside the ball screw and in transmission connection with the ball screw, and one end of the sliding sleeve assembly is fixedly connected with the first steel push plate.
The first straight section water tank comprises a water inlet area, a tail gate, a water outlet area and a connecting part with the U-shaped bent section water tank, a water outlet is formed in the water outlet area, and a lifting cover plate is arranged at the water outlet.
The lifting cover plate comprises a lifting mechanism positioned at the bottom of the lifting cover plate, the lifting mechanism comprises a motor, a speed reducer fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor and a screw rod lifter in transmission connection with the speed reducer through a transmission rod, and a screw rod of the screw rod lifter is fixedly connected with the lifting cover plate through a bearing.
The lifting cover plate further comprises a vacuum adsorption device positioned at the bottom of the lifting cover plate, and the vacuum adsorption device comprises a vacuum sucker positioned at the upper part of the vacuum adsorption device and a vacuum generator connected with a cavity of the vacuum sucker.
And a sealing ring is arranged at the contact part of the lifting cover plate and the water outlet.
Wherein, second steel push pedal top and servo motor side all are equipped with spacing sensor.
Wherein, still be equipped with air leak valve on the second steel push pedal, still be equipped with pressure sensor in the second steel hemisphere.
The two ends of the rotating shaft are connected with the bottom of the U-shaped bent section water tank through connecting rods respectively, one end of each connecting rod is fixed to the bottom of the U-shaped bent section water tank, and the other end of each connecting rod is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft.
Has the advantages that: the U-shaped experimental water tank can realize the separation of the bent section and the straight section, and solves the problem that the bent section of the water tank influences the flow state of water flow when the flow state characteristic of the water flow of the straight section is researched by the conventional integrated bent section water tank, so that the authenticity of numerical simulation in the experimental process is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the U-shaped experimental water tank with detachable straight section and bent section of the invention comprises a first straight section water tank 1, a U-shaped bent section water tank 2 and a second straight section water tank 3, wherein the first straight section water tank 1, the U-shaped bent section water tank 2 and the second straight section water tank 3 are all glass water tank boxes, a plurality of sections of steel reinforcing ribs 46 are fixed outside the glass water tank boxes, a steel plate is fixed outside the bottom of the glass water tank boxes, a steel guide rail 4 is laid below the U-shaped bent section water tank 2, rollers 5 are arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped bent section water tank 2, the rollers 5 are arranged on the guide rail 4, and the guide rail 4 is fixed on the ground through a steel piece; the first straight-section water tank 1 and the second straight-section water tank 3 are fixed on the ground through a steel supporting structure 6; the left side and the right side of the joint of the first straight-section water tank 1 and the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2 and the left side and the right side of the joint of the second straight-section water tank 3 and the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2 are symmetrically provided with a closing mechanism, the closing mechanism comprises a first steel push plate 7 fixedly connected with the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2 (the first steel push plate 7 is fixedly connected with a steel reinforcing rib 46 at the outlet section of the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2 by welding), a second steel push plate 8 fixedly connected with the straight-section water tank (the second steel push plate 8 is fixedly connected with the steel reinforcing rib 46 at the outlet section of the straight-section water tank by welding), and a first steel hemisphere 9 fixedly connected with the first steel push plate, a second steel push plate 8, a second steel hemisphere 10 fixedly connected with the second steel push plate 8, a vacuum generator 12 connected with the second steel hemisphere 10 through a pipeline (air pipe) 11, and a driving device for driving the first steel push plate 7 to move relative to the second steel push plate 8; the driving device comprises a servo motor 13, a ball screw 14 fixedly connected with the driving end of the servo motor 13 and a sliding sleeve assembly 15 sleeved outside the ball screw 14 and in transmission connection with the ball screw 14, wherein one end of the sliding sleeve assembly 15 is fixedly connected with the first steel push plate 7. The first straight-section water tank 1 is provided with a sealing ring I41 at the joint with the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2, the sealing ring I41 is coated on the periphery of the steel reinforcing rib 46 at the outlet section of the first straight-section water tank 1, the second straight-section water tank 3 is also provided with a sealing ring II42 at the joint with the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2, and the sealing ring II42 is coated on the periphery of the steel reinforcing rib 46 at the outlet section of the second straight-section water tank 3.
The first straight-section water tank 1 comprises a water inlet area 16, a tail gate 17, a water outlet area 18 and a connecting part 19 connected with the U-shaped bent-section water tank 2, a water outlet is formed in the water outlet area 18, a lifting cover plate 20 is arranged at the water outlet, the lifting cover plate 20 is a glass cover plate, a vacuum sucker 27 is strong in adsorption capacity on a cover plate made of glass, the cover plate is made of the same material as a water tank bottom plate, changes when being affected by temperature and external pressure, and is not prone to deformation; the lifting cover plate 20 comprises a lifting mechanism (the lifting mechanism is waterproof) positioned at the bottom of the lifting cover plate 20, the lifting mechanism comprises a motor 22 fixed on the ground, a speed reducer 23 fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor 22 and a screw rod lifter 25 in transmission connection with the speed reducer 23 through a transmission rod 24, the screw rod lifter 25 is also fixed on the ground, and a screw rod 47 of the screw rod lifter 25 is fixedly connected with the lifting cover plate 20 through a bearing 48; the lifting cover plate 20 further comprises a vacuum adsorption device 26 located at the bottom of the lifting cover plate 20, the vacuum adsorption device 26 is placed on the ground, the vacuum adsorption device 26 comprises a vacuum suction cup 27 located below the lifting cover plate 20 and a vacuum generator 51 connected with the cavity of the vacuum suction cup 27, when the lifting cover plate 20 is lowered to the water outlet (namely the lifting cover plate 20 is closed), the vacuum adsorption device 26 is started, the lifting cover plate 20 is tightly and firmly sucked by the vacuum adsorption device 26 through the vacuum suction cup 27, the vacuum suction cup 27 is made of nitrile rubber, a rubber sealing ring 21 is arranged at the joint of the lifting cover plate 20 and the water outlet, and the sealing ring 21 plays a good sealing role, so that the bottom of the water tank is smooth, and the water outlet is. When only the straight-section water tank works, the vacuum generator is closed, a cavity enclosed between the lifting cover plate 20 and the vacuum sucker 27 is in a zero negative pressure state (the negative pressure state is relieved), then the lifting mechanism is started, the lifting cover plate 20 rises to a certain height, a water outlet plays a drainage role, the vacuum adsorption device 26 positioned at the bottom of the lifting cover plate 20 is moved away, the cover plate 50 corresponding to the ground below the lifting cover plate 20 is opened (the caliber of the cover plate 50 on the ground is smaller than that of the lifting cover plate 20), the underground circulating reservoir is arranged below the cover plate 50, and water in the underground circulating reservoir is pumped into the water inlet area 16 of the first straight-section water tank 1 through the lifting pump, so that the water is recycled. The screw lifter 25 may be covered with a protective cover to prevent water from splashing into the screw 47.
The top of the second steel push plate 8 and the side of the servo motor 13 are both provided with a limit sensor 28, the limit sensor 28 is an ultrasonic sensor or an infrared sensor, and the limit sensor 28 is connected with an external PLC control box in a cable or wireless communication mode. Still be equipped with air leak valve 29 on second steel hemisphere 10, still be equipped with pressure sensor 49 in the second steel hemisphere 10, when needs are with curved section basin and straight section basin separately, close closing device's vacuum generator 12, open air leak valve 29 on the second steel hemisphere 10, start drive arrangement, under drive arrangement drives, first steel push pedal 7 drives curved section basin and moves backward along steel guide rail 4 to realize the separation of curved section basin and straight section basin.
The two sides of the steel guide rail 4 are provided with the baffle plates 30, the roller 5 is positioned between the two baffle plates 30, the baffle plates 30 arranged on the two sides of the guide rail 4 can enable the roller 5 to move back and forth in a set track, the center of the roller 5 is penetrated with a rotating shaft 31, two ends of the rotating shaft 31 are respectively connected with the bottom of the U-shaped bent section water tank 2 through a connecting rod 32, one end of the connecting rod 32 is fixed at the bottom of the U-shaped bent section water tank 2, and the other end of the connecting rod.
The first straight water tank 1 of the U-shaped experimental water tank can also be a slope-changing straight water tank (when the straight water tank is separated from the bent water tank and only the straight water tank is studied, the slope-changing operation is carried out), the slope-changing straight water tank is a glass water tank box body 33, a plurality of sections of steel reinforcing ribs 34 are fixed outside the glass water tank box body 33, a steel plate 35 is fixed outside the bottom of the glass water tank box body 33, at least three jacks 36 are arranged below the slope-changing straight water tank, fixed ends 37 of the jacks 36 are fixed on the ground, driving ends 38 of the jacks 36 are rotatably connected with the bottom of the glass water tank box body 33 through connecting pieces 39, one end of each connecting piece 39 is rotatably connected with the driving ends 38 through a rotating shaft 40, the other end of each connecting piece 39 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the glass water tank box body 33, the bottom of the glass water tank box body 33 is also provided with a, for detecting the distance of the sensor mounting point from the ground. Namely, the experimental water tank of the invention, the first straight-section water tank 1 and the second straight-section water tank 3 can be both constant slope water tanks, and are fixed on the ground through the steel supporting structure 6; or the first straight-section water tank 1 can be a slope-changing water tank and fixed on the ground through a jack 36, and the second straight-section water tank 3 can be a non-slope-changing water tank and fixed on the ground through a steel supporting structure 6.
The U-shaped experimental water tank with the detachable straight section and the detachable bent section further comprises a field PLC controller and a human-computer interaction terminal, and the human-computer interaction terminal is in wireless communication connection with the PLC controller. The jack driving device, the distance sensor 43, the servo motor 13 of the driving device, the vacuum generator 12, the vacuum generating device 26, the limit sensor 28, the air leakage valve 29, the pressure sensor 49 and the lifting mechanism 21 (motor 22) are respectively connected with the PLC through a wired cable or a wireless communication mode.
The invention relates to a working process of a U-shaped experimental water tank with a detachable straight section and a detachable bent section, which comprises the following steps:
when the flow velocity and the flow state of water flow in the straight section of the water tank are researched, the U-shaped bent section water tank and the straight section water tank of the experimental water tank need to be separated under the anhydrous condition, so that the straight section can work independently. The U-shaped bent section water tank and the straight section water tank are separated under the condition of connection, and the separation process is as follows: the PLC controller closes the four vacuum generators 12, simultaneously closes the air inlet valves on the connecting pipelines 11 of the vacuum generators 12 and the spheres (the first steel hemisphere 9 and the second steel hemisphere 10 enclose the spheres), and opens the air leakage valve 29, so that the air pressure in the spheres is slowly recovered to be the same as the atmospheric pressure; when a pressure sensor 49 in the sphere detects that the air pressure in the sphere is the same as the atmospheric pressure, the PLC starts the four servo motors 13, the servo motors 13 rotate to drive the ball screw 14 to rotate, so that a sliding sleeve assembly 15 sleeved on the ball screw 14 moves leftwards (backwards) relative to the ball screw 14, the sliding sleeve assembly 15 drives a first steel push plate 7 fixedly connected with the sliding sleeve assembly 15 to move backwards, a U-shaped bent section water tank 2 fixedly connected with the first steel push plate 7 is driven to move backwards along a guide rail 4 through a roller 5, and when the left end part of the sliding sleeve assembly 15 reaches a limit sensor 28 positioned on the side edge of the servo motor 13, the PLC closes the servo motors 13, so that the U-shaped bent section water tank and the straight section water tank are separated; and finally, closing the vacuum adsorption device 26 to enable the cavity enclosed between the lifting cover plate 20 and the vacuum sucker 27 to be at zero negative pressure, starting the lifting mechanism, enabling the lifting cover plate 20 to rise to a certain height to enable the water outlet to play a drainage role, and moving away the vacuum adsorption device 26 positioned at the bottom of the lifting cover plate 20 to enable the first straight-section water tank 1 to work independently.
When the riverbed erodees and demonstrates that the experiment needs the curved section basin, it is closed with U type curved section basin and straight section basin, and the basin straight section is as follows with the closed process of curved section: the PLC controller starts four servo motors 13 (at the moment, the rotation direction of the servo motors 13 is opposite to the rotation direction when the U-shaped bent section water tank is separated from the straight section water tank), the servo motors 13 rotate to drive the ball screw 14 to rotate, so that the sliding sleeve assembly 15 sleeved on the ball screw 14 moves rightwards (forwards) relative to the ball screw 14, the sliding sleeve assembly 15 drives the first steel push plate 7 fixedly connected with the sliding sleeve assembly to move forwards, so as to drive the U-shaped bent section water tank 2 fixedly connected with the first steel push plate 7 to move forwards along the guide rail 4 through the roller 5, when the first steel push plate 7 is contacted with the second steel push plate 8, the limit sensor 28 at the top of the second steel push plate 8 sends a signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller closes the servo motors 13, simultaneously opens the four vacuum generators 12, closes the air leakage valve 29, opens the air inlet valves on the vacuum generators 12 and the ball connecting pipeline 11, the vacuum value in the sphere is detected by the pressure sensor 49, so that the vacuum value in the sphere is always kept in a range that the U-shaped bent section water tank and the straight section water tank are closely connected.