CN111060183B - Method for measuring total weight of upper module of ocean platform - Google Patents
Method for measuring total weight of upper module of ocean platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060183B CN111060183B CN201911289353.7A CN201911289353A CN111060183B CN 111060183 B CN111060183 B CN 111060183B CN 201911289353 A CN201911289353 A CN 201911289353A CN 111060183 B CN111060183 B CN 111060183B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G3/00—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances
- G01G3/12—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances wherein the weighing element is in the form of a solid body stressed by pressure or tension during weighing
- G01G3/125—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances wherein the weighing element is in the form of a solid body stressed by pressure or tension during weighing wherein the weighing element is an optical member
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the total weight of an upper module of an ocean platform.A measuring device comprises an acceleration measuring system and a grating optical fiber strain measuring system; the acceleration measuring system comprises an acceleration sensor and a vibration acceleration sensor, wherein the acceleration sensor is used for measuring the vibration acceleration response of the gravity center position of the upper module of the platform; the grating optical fiber strain measurement system comprises grating optical fiber sensors which are respectively distributed on each pile leg of the ocean platform and used for measuring the axial strain of the top of each pile leg of the platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the total weight of an upper module of a fixed service ocean platform.
Background
Fixed ocean platforms are the predominant type of drilling and production at sea today, with a typical life span of 20 to 25 years. In the whole service period, the platform is inevitably subjected to structural modification, equipment replacement, production process adjustment and the like, so that the weight of the upper module of the platform is seriously changed from the beginning of design, and in addition, the influence of live loads such as the change of operating personnel on the platform, the consumption and supply of living goods, the change of drilling and workover operation load, the change of gas-liquid load related to oil and gas treatment, the change of the wet weight of equipment and the like causes that no one knows the actual weight of the upper module of the marine platform in service. The actual weight of the upper module is just the important index of the platform service safety, especially the pile foundation bearing safety, and is a parameter closely concerned by engineering personnel.
At present, the weight of the upper module of the ocean platform is mainly obtained by measuring and calculating at the beginning of the design of engineering personnel or weighing before the upper module is installed. As mentioned above, engineers mainly rely on experience to estimate live loads, which has the disadvantages of low precision, conservative estimation, etc.; the weighing method can accurately obtain the weight of the upper chunk before the safety of the upper chunk, but the upper chunk is still not put into operation, so that the wet weight of equipment, the oil and gas process treatment load, the live load and the like cannot be reflected, and only a reference value can be provided for the weight of the upper chunk of the platform in service.
Based on the reasons, the method for measuring the total weight of the upper module of the serving ocean platform is developed and adapted, and has extremely high engineering value and practical engineering significance for providing accurate weight parameters for offshore production operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and feasible method with high precision, which can quickly measure the total weight of the upper block of the platform. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. a method for measuring the total weight of an upper module of an ocean platform adopts measuring equipment comprising an acceleration measuring system and a grating optical fiber strain measuring system; the acceleration measuring system comprises an acceleration sensor and a vibration acceleration sensor, wherein the acceleration sensor is used for measuring the vibration acceleration response of the gravity center position of the upper module of the platform; the grating optical fiber strain measurement system comprises grating optical fiber sensors which are respectively distributed on each pile leg of the ocean platform and used for measuring the axial strain of the top of each pile leg of the platform. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) platform dispatcher commands guard ship to strike ship pile side of platform, so that instantaneous impact load is generated on platform, acceleration sensor and grating optical fiber sensor synchronously acquire vibration signal and strain signal of upper module of platform, free attenuation curve of platform is extracted, and maximum acceleration value a of upper module of platform in horizontal direction is obtainedxAnd simultaneously carving four axial strain data epsilon on each pile leg of the platformi1、εi2、εi3And εi4Wherein the x-axis direction is parallel to the direction with the number of the pile legs being 2 rows; i is a platform leg number, i is 1,2 … …, n; n is the total number of the pile legs; epsiloni1、εi2、εi3And εi4Axial strain of the ith pile leg in the directions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees; the 0 ° and 180 ° directions are parallel to the x-axis direction.
(2) Based on the monitoring data, calculating bending moment M caused by inertial load caused by vibration of the upper part of the platform block on each pile legxiAnd axial load component FziI.e. by
Wherein A isi、IiAnd DiThe sectional area, the sectional moment of inertia and the outer diameter of the ith pile leg of the platform are respectively; and E is the elastic modulus of the pile leg material.
(3) Calculating the average value of axial load components of all pile legs of the platform
Namely, it is
(4) Obtaining the total mass of the upper part of the platform block with the formula
H is the vertical height from the center of gravity of the upper module of the platform to the installation position of the grating optical fiber sensor; l isxThe horizontal spacing between two legs in the x direction.
The invention is applied to the rapid measurement of the total weight of the upper module of the service ocean platform and has the following advantages:
1. a working ship is adopted to instantaneously impact the platform at one side of the platform ship-leaning pile, the impact load is obvious relative to the wave current load, data stripping is easy to carry out, and a platform attenuation self-oscillation signal is extracted;
2. a fusion measurement system of acceleration and strain is adopted to ensure the synchronism of monitoring data;
3. aiming at the service platform, the total weight measurement precision of the upper module is accurate, and the engineering requirements are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensing system of the present invention installed in an offshore platform structure, (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall installation, and (b) is a top view;
FIG. 2 is a mechanical diagram of the present invention for calculating the weight of the upper block of the platform;
FIG. 3 is a coordinate system for calculating the weight of the upper portion of the platform block in accordance with the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1 is a platform upper module; 2 is an acceleration sensing system; 3 is a grating optical fiber sensor; 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and 3-4 are respectively four grating optical fiber sensors which are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the pile leg; and 4, a platform pile leg.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for measuring the total weight of an upper module of an ocean platform, which comprises an acceleration measuring system and a grating optical fiber strain measuring system; the acceleration measuring system comprises an acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged on the gravity center of the upper block and used for measuring the vibration response of the upper block of the platform; the strain measurement system comprises strain grating optical fiber strain sensors and a demodulator, wherein the grating optical fiber sensors are arranged at the tops of the platform pile legs, 4 grating optical fiber strain sensors are uniformly arranged on each pile leg along the circumferential direction, and the interval between the two grating optical fiber strain sensors is 90 degrees; the grating optical fiber sensor is used for measuring the axial strain variation of the platform pile leg; after being resolved by a demodulator, the grating optical fiber sensor is synchronously acquired to an acceleration acquisition system, so that the data acquisition synchronism of the speed sensor and the grating optical fiber sensor is ensured; adopting a guard boat to instantaneously impact a platform and lean against a boat pile to generate impact load, acquiring free damping vibration data of a chunk on the upper part of the platform by an acceleration sensing system, and acquiring axial strain damping data of a pile leg of the platform by a grating strain sensing system; according to dynamics, the upper platform block generates an inertia force ma, wherein m is the weight of the upper platform block, and a is the vibration acceleration of the upper platform block; according to the mechanics principle, the inertia force generates bending moment and additional couple at the position of the pile leg of the platform, as shown in fig. 2; the following explains the calculation principle, and there is the following relationship in terms of the force balance relationship:
in the formula, m isThe weight of the upper module of the platform is the amount to be solved; mxiThe bending moment on the ith pile leg around the y axis caused by the inertial load;
the average value of the axial load of the pile leg caused by the inertial load is obtained; h is the height from the center of gravity of the upper module of the platform to the installation position of the grating strain sensor; l isxThe distance between two piles in the x direction is the distance, when the data of the platform pile legs is more than 4, the number of the pile legs in the x-axis direction is required to be parallel to the 2-row direction, as shown in fig. 3; i-1, 2, …, n respectively represents each leg of the platform; n is the number of pile legs; mxiAnd
the strain is obtained by calculation according to the strain measured by grating strain sensing on the pile leg, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, FziThe axial load component caused by the inertia force on the ith pile leg; a is the cross-sectional area of the platform pile leg; e is the modulus of elasticity; i is a section moment of inertia; d is the outer diameter of the pile leg; epsiloni1And εi3Respectively are strain monitoring values on the ith pile leg along the x-axis direction.
In particular, for a 4-legged platform, equations (1) and (2) are equally true in the y-axis direction, i.e. based on the acceleration a in the y-directionyAnd e measured on the leg in the direction of the y-axisi2And εi4Or calculating the weight of the upper part of the platform block, and taking the average value of the calculation results in the x direction and the y direction as the total weight of the upper part of the platform block; and for the fixed ocean platform with the pile leg data larger than 4, calculating by adopting the data in the x-axis direction. Test model verification shows that the accuracy of calculating the weight of the upper block of the platform by the method is more than 95%.
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. See fig. 1 and 2. The invention comprises a two-direction acceleration sensor 2 arranged at the gravity center position of a platform deck and clothThe grating optical fiber sensors 3 arranged at the tops of the platform pile legs form a data fusion monitoring system, wherein 4 grating optical fiber sensors are arranged on each pile leg of each grating optical fiber sensor 3, when the grating optical fiber sensors are arranged, 4 grating optical fiber sensors with the same model are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the pile legs by taking an included angle of 0 degree with the x direction of a horizontal shaft as a starting point, and the labels of the sensors are respectively marked as No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 in the anticlockwise direction, as shown in 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and 3-4 in the figure; after the sensors are arranged, a platform dispatcher commands a guard ship to lean against the ship pile side of the platform and impact the platform against the ship device, so that the platform generates instantaneous impact load, the acceleration and strain sensors respectively acquire vibration signals and strain signals of the upper chunk of the platform, a free attenuation curve of the platform is extracted, and the maximum acceleration value a of the upper chunk of the platform is obtainedxAnd ayAnd simultaneously inscribe strain data epsilon on each pile legi1、εi2、εi3And εi4(ii) a Substituting the 4-leg platform into the formulas (1) and (2), respectively solving the weight of the chunk on the platform twice according to the x direction and the y direction, and taking the average value of the two weights as the final weight m; for the platform with the number of the platform legs being more than 4, only a is adopted without considering the data in the y directionx、εi1、εi3And (6) calculating data.
According to the invention, the impact load formed by instantaneously impacting the platform by the platform guard ship is adopted, the vibration acceleration and the strain signal of the chunk on the upper part of the platform are synchronously acquired by adopting an acceleration and grating strain monitoring system, the final mass of the upper part combination is obtained according to the mechanical balance relation between the platform inertia force and the counter force at the top of the pile leg, and a calculation method with strong operability is provided for the service ocean platform.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the total weight of an upper module of an ocean platform adopts measuring equipment comprising an acceleration measuring system and a grating optical fiber strain measuring system; the acceleration measuring system comprises an acceleration sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor and a vibration sensor, wherein the acceleration sensor is used for measuring the vibration acceleration response at the gravity center position of the upper module of the platform; the grating optical fiber strain measurement system comprises grating optical fiber sensors which are respectively distributed on each pile leg of the ocean platform and used for measuring the axial strain of the top position of each pile leg of the platform, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) platform dispatcher commands guard ship to strike ship pile side of platform, so that instantaneous impact load is generated on platform, acceleration sensor and grating optical fiber sensor synchronously acquire vibration signal and strain signal of upper module of platform, free attenuation curve of platform is extracted, and maximum acceleration value a of upper module of platform in horizontal direction is obtainedxAnd simultaneously carving four axial strain data epsilon on each pile leg of the platformi1、εi2、εi3And εi4Wherein the x-axis direction is parallel to the direction with the number of the pile legs being 2 rows; i is a platform leg number, i is 1,2 … …, n; n is the total number of the pile legs; epsiloni1、εi2、εi3And εi4Axial strain of the ith pile leg in the directions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees; the 0 degree and 180 degree directions are parallel to the x-axis direction;
(2) based on the monitoring data, calculating bending moment M caused by inertial load caused by vibration of the upper part of the platform block on each pile legxiAnd axial load component FziI.e. by
Wherein A isi、IiAnd DiThe sectional area, the sectional moment of inertia and the outer diameter of the ith pile leg of the platform are respectively; e is the elastic modulus of the pile leg material;
(3) calculating average value F of axial load components of all pile legs of platformzI.e. by
(4) Obtaining the total mass of the upper part of the platform block with the formula
H is the vertical height from the center of gravity of the upper module of the platform to the installation position of the grating optical fiber sensor; l isxThe horizontal spacing between two legs in the x direction.
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