CN111059866A - Method for promoting microwave dehydration process of lignite by selecting cationic additive - Google Patents
Method for promoting microwave dehydration process of lignite by selecting cationic additive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting microwave dehydration process of lignite by selecting cationic additive, which is characterized in that quantitative different cationic additives are added into quantitative lignite, and the effect of each cationic additive on promoting the microwave dehydration process of lignite is compared in different heating time, so that the cationic additive is selected, the microwave dehydration efficiency of lignite is optimized, and the economic benefit is improved. By adding the cationic additive, the dielectric loss of the lignite is increased, and the microwave energy utilization capability of the coal sample for absorbing microwaves is enhanced. The temperature of the coal sample is measured in real time by using the grounded microwave shielding type thermocouple in the microwave heating process, and more accurate coal sample temperature data is obtained compared with the coal sample temperature data obtained by using an infrared thermocouple in the traditional process. Different cation additives are utilized to influence the microwave heating process of the lignite, so that the dehydration quality-improving process is accelerated, the dehydration speed is accelerated, the dehydration amount is increased, and the dehydration quality-improving effect is improved. The method has the advantages of simple operation, short heating time, low energy consumption, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for selecting a cation additive, in particular to a method for selecting a cation additive to promote the microwave dehydration process of lignite, and belongs to the technical field of lignite microwave heating dehydration upgrading.
Background
The global lignite resources are quite rich, the proven reserves are about 4000 hundred million tons, the reserves account for about 45 percent of the total reserves of coal, and the reserves of Chinese lignite are about 130 hundred million tons. The lignite belongs to low-rank coal, and compared with high-rank coal, the lignite has the defects of high water content (25-60%), high volatile content, low coalification degree, low heat value, poor thermal stability and the like. The high volatile content and low carbon content of lignite cause the combustion of lignite to generate less heat than high rank coals and adversely affect combustion equipment during the combustion process. High moisture content makes the lignite highly susceptible to breakage and spontaneous ignition, which adds cost to transportation and storage of the lignite, and the moisture absorbs a large amount of heat during combustion, which reduces the amount of heat released from the lignite.
The moisture is removed from the lignite, so that the physical and chemical properties of the lignite can be improved to a certain extent, and the dehydration and upgrading of the lignite become the key for fully utilizing lignite resources.
Currently, the lignite dewatering and upgrading technology is mainly divided into a non-evaporation drying technology and an evaporation drying technology.
The non-evaporation drying technology refers to a method for removing water in lignite in a liquid state from a coal sample. The non-evaporation drying technology does not need to vaporize water, so the latent heat of vaporization of water can be saved in the dehydration process, but the drying mode needs to be carried out under the experimental conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and has very strict requirements on the control of experimental equipment and reaction conditions.
The evaporation drying technology is a method for directly or indirectly heating the moisture in the lignite to enable the moisture to reach a boiling point and then removing the moisture from a coal sample in a steam state. The evaporation drying technology can be used for dehydrating the lignite under the low-temperature condition, the process is simple, and the reliability is certain, but a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed in the process of evaporating the moisture in the coal sample into steam.
Therefore, how to effectively improve the efficiency of evaporation drying and promote the microwave dehydration process of lignite is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for selecting a cationic additive so that the dehydration rate of lignite is faster and the process is more rapid during dehydration.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a method for selecting a cationic additive to promote a lignite microwave dehydration process comprises the following steps:
s1, screening the crushed raw lignite to prepare a coal sample;
s2, uniformly mixing the additive and the coal sample to prepare mixed coal;
s3, placing the mixed coal into a microwave heating device, and carrying out microwave heating dehydration and quality improvement under the protection of inert gas, wherein the initial mass is m0Measuring the temperature of the mixed coal in real time by using a thermocouple in the heating process to obtain the change of the temperature T of the coal sample along with the time T in the microwave heating process;
s4, after the reaction is finished, taking out the mixed coal and weighing m1Calculating the water loss M and the water content M of the dehydrated coal sample1；
m＝m0-m1，
M1＝(m0×M0-m)/(m0-m)×100％
In the formula, M0Is the initial coal sample water content percent.
S5, increasing the heating time △ t, and repeating the steps S3-S4 until the quality of the dehydrated food does not change obviously after the last two times of microwave heating;
s6, taking additives with different prices, repeating the steps S2-S5, and selecting the cation additive by taking the water content, the dehydration speed and the water diffusion coefficient of the mixed coal as the measurement standards in the heating process.
The cationic additive comprises Na+、Mg2+、Al3+。
The above-mentioned time t, t1Is 1min, △ t is 1 min.
The microwave power is 800W.
The inert gas comprises nitrogen and the flux is 250 mL/min.
The above dehydration rate was calculated as:
S＝(Mi+1-Mi)/△t
in the formula, S is the dehydration speed,%/min; mi+1Water content at the later time,%; miThe water content at the previous time,%.
The above-mentioned moisture diffusion coefficient was calculated as:
MR＝Mi/M0
in the formula, MR is the relative water content of the lignite under any microwave heating time; miIs the water content of the lignite mixture under any microwave heating time percent.
The analytical equation of Fick's second diffusion law can be simplified to:
in the formula, DeffM is an effective water diffusion coefficient2S; l is the sample thickness, m.
Taking logarithm from two sides of the equation at the same time to obtain:
linear fitting is carried out on the relationship between Ln (MR) and t according to the formula, and the water diffusion coefficient D is solved by utilizing the slope obtained by a fitting curveeff。
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the method for promoting the microwave dehydration process of the lignite by selecting the cationic additive, quantitative different cationic additives are added into quantitative lignite, the effect of each cationic additive on promoting the microwave dehydration process of the lignite is compared in different heating time, and then the cationic additive is selected, the microwave dehydration efficiency of the lignite is optimized, and the economic benefit is improved.
After the cationic additive is added, the dielectric loss of the whole lignite is increased, the microwave absorption effect of the coal sample is enhanced, and the capacity of the lignite for absorbing and utilizing microwave energy is enhanced under the same microwave power. The temperature of the coal sample is measured in real time by using the grounded microwave shielding type thermocouple in the microwave heating process, and more accurate coal sample temperature data is obtained compared with the coal sample temperature data obtained by using an infrared thermocouple in the traditional process. Compared with the traditional microwave heating process, the microwave dehydration and quality improvement process of the lignite is accelerated, the dehydration amount is increased, and the overall dehydration and quality improvement effect is improved. By using a method of controlling the variables, the same amount of Cl is added－The effects of different cations in the lignite microwave heating process are considered and compared, so that the cation additive with the best promotion effect can be selected, and the method has the advantages of simplicity in operation, short heating time, low energy consumption, high efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the temperature change of a coal sample with time in the microwave irradiation heating process of lignite under the action of different cationic additives.
FIG. 2 is the change of water content with time in the lignite microwave irradiation heating process under the action of different cation additives.
FIG. 3 shows the change of the dehydration rate of lignite during microwave irradiation heating process under the action of different cationic additives.
FIG. 4 is the variation of water diffusion coefficient in the lignite microwave irradiation heating process under the action of different additives.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The cationic salt additives are respectively: NaCl, MgCl2And AlCl3All the analytical pure medicaments are purchased from chemical reagents of national drug group, Ltd.
Initial water content M of raw coal053.2%, the water content of the mixed coal at any moment in the experimental process is calculated as follows:
M1＝(m0×M0-m)/(m0-m)×100％
the dehydration rate is calculated as
S＝(Mi+1-Mi)/△t
In the formula, S is the dehydration speed,%/min; mi+1Water content at the later time,%; miThe water content at the previous time,%.
The water diffusion coefficient is calculated as
MR＝Mi/M0
In the formula, MR is the relative water content of the lignite under any microwave heating time; miIs the water content of the lignite mixture under any microwave heating time percent.
The analytical equation of Fick's second diffusion law can be simplified to:
in the formula, DeffM is an effective water diffusion coefficient2S; l is the sample thickness, m.
Taking logarithm from two sides of the equation at the same time to obtain:
linear fitting is carried out on the relationship between Ln (MR) and t according to the formula, and the water diffusion coefficient D is solved by utilizing the slope obtained by a fitting curveeff。
A method for selecting a cationic additive to promote a lignite microwave dehydration process comprises the following steps:
s1, screening the crushed raw lignite to prepare a coal sample;
s2, uniformly mixing the additive and the coal sample to prepare mixed coal;
s3, placing the mixed coal into a microwave heating device, carrying out microwave heating with the microwave power of 800W under the protection of nitrogen with the flow rate of 250mL/min, and dehydrating and upgrading; measuring the temperature of the mixed coal in real time by using a thermocouple in the heating process to obtain the change of the temperature of the coal sample along with the time t in the microwave heating process;
s4, after the reaction is finished, taking out the mixed coal, weighing, and calculating the water loss amount;
s5, increasing the heating time △ T, repeating the steps S3-S4 until the quality of the dehydrated food does not change obviously after the last two times of microwave heating, and T1Is 1min, △ t is 1 min.
S6, taking additives with different prices, repeating the steps S2-S5, and selecting the cation additive by taking the water content, the dehydration speed and the water diffusion coefficient of the mixed coal as the measurement standards in the heating process.
Example 1 (comparative example)
Primarily grinding and crushing lignite, screening to the particle size of 0.45-3.2mm, respectively taking 40g of lignite, putting the lignite into a reactor of a microwave heating device, and carrying out irradiation heating for 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min and 5min under the experimental working condition of nitrogen flow of 250mL/min and microwave power of 800W, wherein the results show that:
heating for 1min at brown coal temperature of 76.7 deg.C and water content of 51.57%,
heating for 2min at 83.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 49.95%,
heating for 3min at 88.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 45.63%,
heating for 4min at brown coal temperature of 91.6 deg.C and water content of 41.32%,
heating for 5min at brown coal temperature of 92.6 deg.C and water content of 36.37%;
the maximum dehydration speed is-4.53%/min; the water diffusion coefficient is 2.02 multiplied by 10-5m2/s。
Example 2
Primarily grinding and crushing lignite, screening to the particle size of 0.45-3.2mm, and respectively weighing 40g of lignite and 0.01mol of 1.335g of AlCl3Uniformly mixing, placing into a reactor of a microwave heating device, and radiating under the experimental working conditions of nitrogen flow of 250mL/min and microwave power of 800WHeating for 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min and 5min, and finding out that:
heating for 1min at 37.5 deg.C for brown coal and 47.46% for water content,
heating for 2min at 78.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 32.51%,
heating for 3min at 80.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 18.00%,
heating for 4min at 80.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 8.56%,
heating lignite at 81.6 deg.C for 5min, and water content of 2.73%;
the maximum dehydration speed is-8.83%/min; the water diffusion coefficient is 5.8833 multiplied by 10-5m2/s。
Example 3
Grinding brown coal, sieving to particle diameter of 0.45-3.2mm, respectively weighing 40g brown coal and 0.015mol of 1.425g MgCl2After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is put into a reactor of a microwave heating device, and is irradiated and heated for 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min and 5min under the experimental working condition of nitrogen flow rate of 250mL/min and microwave power of 800W, and the results show that:
heating for 1min at 34.8 deg.C for brown coal and 47.23% for water content,
heating for 2min at 79.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 30.85%,
heating for 3min at 81.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 16.84%,
heating for 4min at brown coal temperature of 81.8 deg.C and water content of 8.53%,
heating for 5min at brown coal temperature of 82.8 deg.C and water content of 1.35%;
the maximum dehydration speed is-13.06%/min; the water diffusion coefficient is 6.28439 multiplied by 10-5m2/s。
Example 4
Primarily grinding and crushing lignite, screening to the particle size of 0.45-3.2mm, respectively weighing 40g of lignite and 0.03mol of 1.755g of NaCl, uniformly mixing, putting into a reactor of a microwave heating device, and carrying out irradiation heating for 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min and 5min under the experimental working conditions of nitrogen flow rate of 250mL/min and microwave power of 800W, wherein the results show that:
heating for 1min at 37.3 deg.C for brown coal and 47.04% for water content,
heating for 2min at brown coal temperature of 77.7 deg.C and water content of 29.87%,
heating for 3min at 80.8 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 15.88%,
heating for 4min at 81.6 deg.C for brown coal and water content of 7.29%,
heating for 5min at brown coal temperature of 82.6 deg.C and water content of 0.67%;
the maximum dehydration speed is-20.11%/min; the water diffusion coefficient is 6.68305 multiplied by 10-5m2/s。
Microwave dehydration of lignite is a typical evaporation drying technology, and the process of the microwave dehydration is mainly divided into a rapid heating stage, a constant temperature stage and a reheating stage. Before reaching the constant temperature stage, the moisture in the lignite absorbs a large amount of microwave energy, so that the lignite is rapidly heated; after reaching the constant temperature stage, because the moisture in the lignite reaches the boiling point and begins to absorb heat and evaporate, the coal sample is kept at a certain temperature; after a large amount of water in the lignite is removed, the lignite continuously absorbs microwave energy to increase the temperature of the lignite, but the temperature increase rate at the moment is smaller than that in the rapid temperature increase stage.
According to the method, the moisture content, the dehydration speed and the moisture diffusion coefficient of the coal sample in the heating process are used as measurement standards, and the lower the moisture content, the higher the maximum dehydration rate and the greater the moisture diffusion coefficient of the coal sample in the same heating time are, the better the microwave dehydration effect is, and the quicker the upgrading process is carried out.
As shown in fig. 1, it is a graph of the temperature of coal sample with time during the microwave irradiation heating process of lignite under the action of different cationic additives. Description of the drawings: the temperature rise curve of the coal sample is divided into three stages, namely a rapid temperature rise stage, a constant temperature stage and a slow temperature rise stage of reheating. The stronger the additive promoting effect is in the rapid heating stage, the slower the temperature of the coal sample rises; in the constant temperature stage, the stronger the promoting effect of the additive is, the shorter the duration of the constant temperature stage is, and the faster the dehydration process is carried out; the stronger the accelerating action of the additive at the reheating stage, the faster the reheating speed. Generally, univalent sodium ions have the strongest promotion effect on the microwave dehydration process of lignite, and the microwave heating dehydration duration is also the shortest, and vice versa.
As shown in figure 2, the change of the water content of the lignite with time in the microwave irradiation heating process under the action of different cationic additives is shown. The promotion effect of the low-valence metal cations on the microwave absorption of the lignite is larger than that of the high-valence metal cations, the lignite added with the sodium chloride can absorb more microwave energy in the heating process, and the water content of the coal sample is reduced fastest in the same time.
As shown in fig. 3, it is the change of the dehydration rate of lignite under the action of different cationic additives during the microwave irradiation heating process. It can be seen that the microwave dehydration rate of lignite is > divalent magnesium chloride is > trivalent aluminum chloride is > added after monovalent sodium chloride is added, and the effect of the lower-valent metal cations in promoting the microwave dehydration of lignite is the best.
As shown in fig. 4, it is the change of the water diffusion coefficient in the lignite microwave irradiation heating process under the action of different additives. The water diffusion coefficient of the coal sample is obviously increased after different cationic additives are added, and the water diffusion coefficient is increased along with the enhancement of the promoting effect of the additives, which shows that the additives can promote the absorption effect of the coal sample on microwave energy in the microwave heating process to a certain extent, so that the water in the coal is enhanced to diffuse and migrate, and the aim of effectively removing the water is fulfilled. And the lower the valence state of the cation is, the greater the promotion effect on the microwave dehydration process of the lignite is, and the greater the water diffusion coefficient is.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for selecting a cationic additive to promote a lignite microwave dehydration process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, screening the crushed raw lignite to prepare a coal sample;
s2, uniformly mixing the additive and the coal sample to prepare mixed coal;
s3, placing the mixed coal into a microwave heating device, and carrying out microwave heating dehydration and quality improvement under the protection of inert gas, wherein the initial mass is m0Measuring the temperature of the mixed coal in real time by using a thermocouple in the heating process to obtain the change of the temperature T of the coal sample along with the time T in the microwave heating process;
s4, after the reaction is finished, taking out the mixed coal and weighing m1Calculating the water loss M and the water content M of the dehydrated coal sample1；
m＝m0-m1，
M1＝(m0×M0-m)/(m0-m)×100％，
In the formula, M0Is the initial coal sample water content percent.
S5, increasing the heating time △ t, and repeating the steps S3-S4 until the quality of the dehydrated food does not change obviously after the last two times of microwave heating;
s6, taking additives with different prices, repeating the steps S2-S5, and selecting the cation additive by taking the water content, the dehydration speed and the water diffusion coefficient of the mixed coal as the measurement standards in the heating process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cationic additive comprises Na+、Mg2+、Al3+。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the time t, t is selected to facilitate microwave dehydration of lignite1Is 1min, △ t is 1 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the microwave power is 800W.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas comprises nitrogen and the flux is 250 mL/min.
6. The method for accelerating the microwave dehydration process of lignite with selected cationic additive according to claim 1, wherein said dehydration rate is calculated as:
S＝(Mi+1-Mi)/△t
in the formula, S is the dehydration speed,%/min; mi+1Water content at the later time,%; miThe water content at the previous time,%.
7. The method for promoting microwave dehydration of lignite according to claim 1, wherein said moisture diffusion coefficient is calculated by: .
MR＝Mi/M0
Wherein MR is the relative water content of lignite under any microwave heating time, MiIs the water content of the lignite mixture in any microwave heating time percent;
the analytical equation of Fick's second diffusion law can be simplified to:
in the formula, DeffM is an effective water diffusion coefficient2S; l is the sample thickness, m.
Taking logarithm from two sides of the equation at the same time to obtain:
linear fitting is carried out on the relationship between Ln (MR) and t according to the formula, and the water diffusion coefficient D is solved by utilizing the slope obtained by a fitting curveeff。
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| CN105509450A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-20 | 南通净环能源科技有限公司 | Microwave drying upgrading equipment for low-rank coal |
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