CN111058810A - 一种气传导测压间开采油装置 - Google Patents

一种气传导测压间开采油装置 Download PDF

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CN111058810A
CN111058810A CN202010054920.7A CN202010054920A CN111058810A CN 111058810 A CN111058810 A CN 111058810A CN 202010054920 A CN202010054920 A CN 202010054920A CN 111058810 A CN111058810 A CN 111058810A
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钟武
张健
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Jereh Energy Services Corp
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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    • E21B43/121Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/126Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气传导测压间开采油装置,气传导测压间开采油装置工作时与井液接触,气传导测压间开采油装置包括用于测量静液柱压力的气传导测压设备、接收气传导测压设备的数据以控制抽油设备实现间歇开采油的控制设备和与井液直接接触的抽油设备,气传导测压设备包括毛管测压设备和套管测压设备,毛管测压设备包括依次连接的氮气瓶、氮气增压泵、用于传导氮气的毛细钢管和用于承载氮气的传压筒,以及连接于氮气增压泵出口和毛细钢管入口处的毛管压力传感器,套管测压设备包括与抽油设备连接的套管压力传感器。控制器设备接收数据采集器的数据来控制采油设备工作频率或采油设备启停,实现了间歇开采以达到降低开采成本的效果。

Description

一种气传导测压间开采油装置
技术领域
本发明涉及低压低产井开采及老油田剩余油开采领域,具体涉及一种气传导测压间开采油装置。
背景技术
随着油田开发的逐步推进,地层压力下降,部分机抽井供液能力已不能满足连续生产的需要,逐步转为间抽生产。这种现象在低渗透油田更加普遍。而利用动液面数据制定合理油井间抽制度从而达到节能降耗是行业内公认的做法。目前现有的手段是通过示功图或者声波判定动液面位置再通过控制器控制电机频率即转速,达到供采平衡。
由于油套环空液柱存在泡沫段以及声波速度不准的情况,通过声波测得的油井动液面数据存在很大误差;而示功图是通过安装在抽油杆上的载荷传感器而绘制的功图来判定供采关系,其受抽油杆偏磨、变形、稠油粘度变化等影响严重,也存在较大误差,由于需要电机通过不断工作采集数据绘制功图,通过功图对比才能判定,所以只能实现变频,很难实现间歇开采以达到降低开采成本的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的克服现有技术的不足,提供一种气传导测压间开采油装置,该装置由检测设备检测井液的压力数据并传递给控制设备,由控制设备控制采油设备的启停和工作频率,控制启停能够减少不满足采油条件时采油设备工作产生的能耗;控制工作频率使该装置能够适应不断变化的井液的液面位置,减少采油设备的能耗。该装置的原理是,控制器设备接收检测设备的数据来控制采油设备工作频率或采油设备启停,实现了间歇开采以达到降低开采成本的效果。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施达到的:一种气传导测压间开采油装置,所述气传导测压间开采油装置工作时与井液接触,所述气传导测压间开采油装置包括用于测量静液柱压力的气传导测压设备、接收气传导测压设备的数据以控制抽油设备实现间歇开采油的控制设备和与井液直接接触的抽油设备,所述气传导测压设备包括毛管测压设备和套管测压设备,所述毛管测压设备包括依次连接的氮气瓶、氮气增压泵、用于传导氮气的毛细钢管和用于承载氮气的传压筒,以及连接于氮气增压泵出口和毛细钢管入口处的毛管压力传感器,所述毛细钢管与抽油设备连接,所述传压筒设于抽油设备中,所述套管测压设备包括与抽油设备连接的套管压力传感器,所述控制设备包括控制抽油设备实现间歇开采油的控制器和接收气传导测压设备的数据并传递给控制器的数据采集器,所述控制器与抽油设备和数据采集器连接,所述数据采集器与气传导测压设备连接。
进一步地,所述数据采集器包括第一数据采集器和第二数据采集器,所述第一数据采集器与套管压力传感器连接,所述第二数据采集器与毛管压力传感器连接,所述第一数据采集器和第二数据采集器均与控制器连接。
进一步地,所述抽油设备包括依次连接的抽油机、光杆、采油树设备、抽油杆和抽油泵,所述抽油机与控制器连接,所述采油树设备包括采油树、套管和油管,所述油管嵌套于套管中,所述油管和套管均与采油树连接,所述套管远离采油树的一端和油管远离采油树的一端穿入井液中,所述抽油泵包括泵筒和在泵筒内往复运动的活塞,所述泵筒嵌套于油管内,所述泵筒与采油树连接,所述抽油杆设于泵筒中,所述光杆的一端与抽油机连接,所述光杆的另一端穿过采油树穿入泵筒中并与抽油杆的一端连接,所述抽油杆的另一端与活塞连接。
进一步地,所所述氮气瓶和氮气增压泵位于采油树设备外部,所述毛细钢管穿过采油树与传压筒连接,所述毛细钢管与油管的外壁可拆卸连接,所述传压筒位于油管远离采油树的一端,所述传压筒远离毛细钢管的一端开有与井液连通的通孔,所述套管测压设备包括与套管连接的套管压力传感器。
进一步地,所述抽油机为游梁式抽油机或塔架式抽油机。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:1、通过控制设备、气传导测压设备和抽油设备的设置,气传导测压设备测量井液的压力并将数据反馈给控制设备,控制器控制抽油设备实现改变频率或控制启停,实现间歇开采油的目的,降低成本;2、通过气传导测压设备的设置,气传导测压设备包括毛管测压设备和套管测压设备的设置,毛管测压设备测量毛细钢管压力,套管测压设备测量套管压力,结合抽油设备的下降深度能够测量出井液深度,方便控制器控制抽油设备启停或调节工作频率。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
附图说明
图1是开采油装置的结构示意图。
图2是传压筒的结构示意图。
图3是测定压力的原理示意图。
标记说明:1、控制器,2、采油树,3、第一数据采集器,4、毛管压力传感器,5、氮气增压泵,6、第二数据采集器,7、氮气瓶,8、套管压力传感器,9、套管,10、抽油杆,11、油管,12、毛细钢管,13、活塞,14、泵筒,15、传压筒,16、引压孔,17、通孔。
具体实施方式
如图1和图3所示,一种气传导测压间开采油装置,能够在井液中实现间歇开采油的效果。该开采油装置包括抽油设备、控制设备和气传导测压设备。抽油设备直接与井液接触,用于采油。气传导测压设备测量静液柱的压力数据并反馈给控制设备。控制设备将静液柱的压力数据与抽油设备的下降高度结合,从而计算抽油设备所在处的井液深度。控制设备通过计算出的井液深度,判断抽油设备是否工作或者多大工作频率。控制设备和气传导测压设备的设置减少不满足采油条件时抽油设备依然工作的情况,降低开采成本。
抽油设备包括抽油机、光杆、采油树设备、抽油杆10和抽油泵。抽油机和光杆连接,光杆远离抽油机的一端穿入采油树设备中。抽油杆10位于抽油泵中,抽油泵位于采油树设备中。光杆远穿入采油树设备的一端与抽油杆10连接,抽油杆10远离光杆的一端与抽油泵连接。抽油机由控制设备调节,实现变频工作或间歇工作。抽油机为游梁式抽油机或塔架式抽油机,游梁式抽油机的运动方式为往复式,方便连续采油且应用较为普遍。塔架式抽油机的运动方式为往复式,且能够实现柔性启动、加速、减速、超低速运行,塔架式抽油机相比于游梁式抽油机,减少运行时的机械冲击,延长了使用寿命。
采油树设备包括采油树2、套管9和油管11,油管11嵌套于套管9内,套管9和油管11均与采油树2连接。套管9远离采油树2的一端和油管11远离采油树2的一端浸入井液中,用于抽油。抽油泵包括泵筒14和活塞13,活塞13位于泵筒14内且与泵筒14滑动连接。泵筒14嵌套于油管11内。抽油杆10内置于泵筒14内,并与活塞13连接。抽油设备是开采油装置中直接与井液接触的基础设备,保证了开采油能够实现。
油田内部不是真空,存在两部分压力,一部分是井液的液体压力,另一部分是井液上部的气体压力,要想测得抽油设备的下降高度,除了要知道抽油设备的下降深度外,还要知道井液的液体压力。
气传导测压设备包括套管测压设备和毛管测压设备。套管测压设备包括与套管9连接的套管压力传感器8,用于井液上部的气体压力。毛管测压设备包括依次连接的氮气瓶7、氮气增压泵5、毛细钢管12和传压筒15,以及位于氮气增压泵5出口处和毛细钢管12入口处的毛管压力传感器4。传压筒15浸入井液中。毛管测压设备用于测量毛细钢管12内氮气的压力,即油田内部的液体压力和气体压力的总和。
氮气瓶7和氮气增压泵5位于采油树设备外部,起到向传压筒15供给氮气和吹扫管线的作用。传压筒15放置于套管9中,且位于油管11远离采油树2的一端,即油管11的下方。毛细钢管12远离氮气增压泵5的一端穿过采油树2连接在传压筒15上,用于向传压筒15中传导氮气。毛细钢管12绑缚在油管11外壁上,使毛细钢管12的位置稳定。
传压筒15为不锈钢材质的长圆筒,传压筒15的一侧开有引压孔16,用于与毛细钢管12连通。传压筒15远离引压孔16的一侧开有通孔17,以与井液连通,方便井液与传压筒15内的氮气连通。
控制设备包括第一数据采集器3、第二数据采集器6和控制器1。第一数据采集器3与套管压力传感器8连接,用于采集套管9内的压力数据;第二数据采集器6毛管压力传感器4连接,用于采集毛细钢管12内的压力数据。第一数据采集器3和第二数据采集器6均与控制器1连接。控制器1对毛细钢管12和套管9内的压力数据进行集中收集和处理。经过处理的数据传递给抽油机,实现抽油机的变频工作或者间歇启停,以达到节能降低成本的效果。
控制设备的控制原理是,收集来自毛管测压设备测量数据和套管测压设备测量数据,并计算两者的差值,结合抽油设备的下降高度,从而计算出抽油设备所在处的井液深度。
控制器1有手动控制和智能控制两种模式。手动控制模式下需要自行启停、设定频率;智能控制模式下可根据测得的液面高度分析供采关系,自动调整相关参数。智能控制模式下,开采油设备根据设定的沉没深度调整频率。测得的沉没深度高于设定深度,设备运行频率提高;测得的沉没深度低于设定深度,设备运行频率降低,在不影响采油量的情况下达到节能的效果;测得的沉没深度下降到设定的最低值时,开采油设备自动停机;测得的沉没深度上升到一定位置时,开采油设备开启,继续采油。
本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种气传导测压间开采油装置,所述气传导测压间开采油装置工作时与井液接触,其特征在于:所述气传导测压间开采油装置包括用于测量静液柱压力的气传导测压设备、接收气传导测压设备的数据以控制抽油设备实现间歇开采油的控制设备和与井液直接接触的抽油设备,所述气传导测压设备包括毛管测压设备和套管测压设备,所述毛管测压设备包括依次连接的氮气瓶、氮气增压泵、用于传导氮气的毛细钢管和用于承载氮气的传压筒,以及连接于氮气增压泵出口和毛细钢管入口处的毛管压力传感器,所述毛细钢管与抽油设备连接,所述传压筒设于抽油设备中,所述套管测压设备包括与抽油设备连接的套管压力传感器,所述控制设备包括控制抽油设备实现间歇开采油的控制器和接收气传导测压设备的数据并传递给控制器的数据采集器,所述控制器与抽油设备和数据采集器连接,所述数据采集器与气传导测压设备连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种气传导测压间开采油装置,其特征在于:所述数据采集器包括第一数据采集器和第二数据采集器,所述第一数据采集器与套管压力传感器连接,所述第二数据采集器与毛管压力传感器连接,所述第一数据采集器和第二数据采集器均与控制器连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种气传导测压间开采油装置,其特征在于:所述抽油设备包括依次连接的抽油机、光杆、采油树设备、抽油杆和抽油泵,所述抽油机与控制器连接,所述采油树设备包括采油树、套管和油管,所述油管嵌套于套管中,所述油管和套管均与采油树连接,所述套管远离采油树的一端和油管远离采油树的一端穿入井液中,所述抽油泵包括泵筒和在泵筒内往复运动的活塞,所述泵筒嵌套于油管内,所述泵筒与采油树连接,所述抽油杆设于泵筒中,所述光杆的一端与抽油机连接,所述光杆的另一端穿过采油树穿入泵筒中并与抽油杆的一端连接,所述抽油杆的另一端与活塞连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种气传导测压间开采油装置,其特征在于:所述氮气瓶和氮气增压泵位于采油树设备外部,所述毛细钢管穿过采油树与传压筒连接,所述毛细钢管与油管的外壁可拆卸连接,所述传压筒位于油管远离采油树的一端,所述传压筒远离毛细钢管的一端开有与井液连通的通孔,所述套管测压设备包括与套管连接的套管压力传感器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种气传导测压间开采油装置,其特征在于:所述抽油机为游梁式抽油机或塔架式抽油机。
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