CN111055237A

CN111055237A - Hinge type deformation contraction self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener and mounting tool

Info

Publication number: CN111055237A
Application number: CN201911185797.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 简小刚; 马千里; 唐金垚
Original assignee: Tongji University
Current assignee: Tongji University
Priority date: 2019-11-27
Filing date: 2019-11-27
Publication date: 2020-04-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-27
Also published as: CN111055237B

Abstract

The invention relates to a hinge type deformation shrinkage self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener and a mounting tool, wherein the unilateral bolt fastener penetrates through a mounting hole of a connecting piece from one side of the connecting piece and completes fastening connection operation, and comprises a round-head bolt, a split type gasket, a sleeve, a washer and a nut which are sequentially sleeved on the round-head bolt along the axial direction of the round-head bolt, the split gasket comprises a first gasket single body and a second gasket single body which are connected end to form a ring and a rubber ring surrounding the outer edge of the ring, the first gasket single bodies and the second gasket single bodies are sequentially arranged in a staggered mode along the circumferential direction, the outer periphery of one end of each first gasket single body is connected with the outer periphery of the end portion of the adjacent second gasket single body through a first hinge, and the inner periphery of the other end of each first gasket single body is connected with the inner periphery of the end portion of the adjacent second gasket single body through a second hinge.

Description

Hinge type deformation contraction self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener and mounting tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of civil and architectural engineering and mechanical assembly, in particular to a hinge type deformation contraction self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener and a mounting tool.

Background

Currently, in the fields of civil construction and mechanical installation, the installation requirement for connecting and fastening structural components is large. In the case of bolts which are currently in common use, when fastening and connecting members, workers need to work on both sides of the members at the same time, namely, insert a bolt with a nut on one side and then tighten the nut with a tool on the other side. The connecting and fastening method has simple structure, convenient operation and good bearing capacity, but is only suitable for the members with the open cross sections, and the common bolt and nut connecting and fastening method cannot be used in some special occasions, such as the connecting and fastening of the members with the closed cross sections or the members inconvenient to operate at the other side. Such as: in steel pipe structures and steel pipe concrete structures, beam column connection nodes cannot be fastened and installed by the common bolt-nut connection fastening method because steel pipe columns are closed sections and cannot be operated on two sides and can only be connected and installed on one side. At present, corresponding unilateral bolt products are not available in domestic markets, published related patents have similar products in foreign markets, namely too much weakening of a bolt rod or too few stress points of a bolt head, but the existing patents or products are difficult to apply large pretension force to the bolt in the installation stage to form a friction type bolt connecting joint, the bearing comprehensive mechanical property of the joint is not ideal, and the joint is greatly limited in application of building structure earthquake-resistant design.

Chinese patent No. CN 103671447a authorizes a split nested type unilateral bolt fastener, which can realize unilateral operation to complete connection and fastening of structural members. However, the split washer in the split nested single-side bolt fastener needs to be guided by the support rod, and great inconvenience is brought to installation. Chinese patent No. CN104690684A authorizes an installation tool used in cooperation with the split nested type unilateral bolt fastener, and although the rapid installation of the split nested type unilateral bolt fastener is realized, the tool still has some defects, and the overall installation efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a hinge type deformation shrinkage self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener and a mounting tool, so that the unilateral bolt fastener can be quickly mounted, can be dismounted according to requirements, and can be repeatedly used.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a hinge type deformation shrinkage self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener penetrates through a connecting piece mounting hole from one side of a connecting piece and completes fastening connection operation, and comprises a round-head bolt, a split type gasket, a sleeve, a gasket and a nut, wherein the split type gasket, the sleeve, the gasket and the nut are sequentially sleeved on the round-head bolt along the axial direction of the round-head bolt; make the gasket one-way flattening in the plane when the pressurized with this, can put into the mounting hole that is less than its original external diameter, simultaneously because hinged joint and rubber circle parcel, split type gasket still connects as a whole, and split type gasket passes through the elasticity reconversion of rubber circle when pressure withdraws.

When the split gasket is extruded and passes through the mounting hole of the connecting piece in a kneading state, the connection point of the first hinge is close to the central position, and the connection point of the second hinge is far away from the central position; when the split type gasket passes through the mounting hole of the connecting piece to the other side, the rubber ring extrudes the first gasket monomer and the second gasket monomer to restore to the round state of the split type gasket.

Preferably, the first gasket single body and the second gasket single body are respectively provided with two pieces.

Further, the periphery department of first gasket monomer one end be equipped with first circular arc body, the interior week department of the other end is equipped with first circular arc groove, the periphery department of second gasket monomer one end be equipped with second circular arc groove, the interior week department of the other end is equipped with the second circular arc body, the position size of first circular arc body and second circular arc groove mutually support, mesh in the periphery department of split type gasket, form first hinge, the position size of first circular arc groove and second circular arc body mutually support, mesh in the interior week department of split type gasket, form the second hinge.

Further preferably, when the split type gasket is in a round state, the range of the arc angle of the engagement between the first arc body and the second arc groove is 220-240 degrees, which is specifically determined according to the bolt specification, and the range of the arc angle of the engagement between the first arc groove and the second arc body is 220-240 degrees, which is specifically determined according to the bolt specification. The engagement angle between each arc body and the arc groove is larger than 180 degrees under the condition that the kneading does not occur or the kneading is performed at a small angle after the engagement, the arc bodies cannot be separated from the arc grooves, and the axial separation cannot occur under the restraint of the rubber band, so that the structural stability of the hinge mechanism during the initial kneading is maintained.

Preferably, the split type gasket is provided with a boss on one side facing the nut, the outer diameter of the boss is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece, and when the unilateral bolt fastener is mounted, the boss is arranged in the mounting hole of the connecting piece for positioning. The split type gasket is convenient to locate after penetrating through the mounting hole and is prevented from moving along the axial direction in the fastening and mounting process, and the stability is enhanced.

Further, the internal diameter of split type gasket be greater than the nominal diameter of button head bolt, the external diameter is greater than the internal diameter of connecting piece mounting hole, the diameter of button head bolt head be less than the internal diameter of connecting piece mounting hole, the sleeve external diameter be less than the internal diameter of connecting piece mounting hole, the internal diameter is greater than the nominal diameter of button head bolt, the external diameter of packing ring be greater than the internal diameter of connecting piece mounting hole.

Preferably, one side of the split type gasket, which faces the head of the round head bolt, is provided with a chamfer matched with the fillet of the round head bolt, and the head of the round head bolt is tightly arranged in the chamfer. The stress concentration caused by the line contact between the rounded angle of the round-head bolt and the split type gasket is prevented.

Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of the split gasket is provided with a groove along the whole circumference, the inner peripheral surface of the rubber ring is provided with a protrusion matched with the groove, and the protrusion on the inner peripheral surface of the rubber ring is embedded into the groove on the outer peripheral surface of the split gasket. The wrapping force of the rubber ring is increased, and the axial movement of the gasket is limited, so that the gasket is prevented from being separated from the hinge structure connection.

The utility model provides an installation is as hinge type warp shrink from mounting tool who replies unilateral bolt fastener, including the action bars that is equipped with the external screw thread and set up thimble and the butt sleeve on the action bars through threaded connection respectively, the thimble including set up the screw through-hole and with the connecting portion that the action bars is connected with set up the bellying on connecting portion, the thimble compress tightly through the butt of butt sleeve and be located the action bars, reach the locking effect in location on the action bars.

When the mounting tool is used, the split type gasket is extruded at the ejector pin completing positioning to be in a kneading state, and the boss of the ejector pin props against the first hinge to send the split type gasket into the mounting hole of the connecting piece.

Furthermore, before the installing tool is used for installing the unilateral bolt fastener, one end of an operating rod is fixedly connected with the tail part of the round-head bolt, the split type gasket, the sleeve, the washer and the nut are sequentially sleeved on the operating rod, and the boss of the split type gasket faces the direction of the nut;

when the unilateral bolt fastener of this mounting tool installation, send into the mounting hole with the button head bolt through the action bars, the thimble department of fixing a position makes it be in the state of kneading to split type gasket application of force, the thimble send into split type gasket into the mounting hole, when sending into the operating rod of pullback when the resistance reduces suddenly, make the button head bolt compress tightly split type gasket in the inboard of connecting piece, the sleeve put into the mounting hole of connecting piece, packing ring and nut install in proper order at the afterbody of button head bolt and screw up the nut.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1) the hinge type deformation and contraction self-recovery split gasket is deformed and contracted by stress and can automatically recover to the original shape after force is removed, so that the hinge type deformation and contraction self-recovery split gasket can pass through a narrow mounting hole after being deformed and can automatically recover to the original shape under the action of the elastic force of the rubber ring after reaching the other side of the connecting piece. In a flat mounting state, the gasket has good resilience and stability, and the fastener can be quickly, accurately and stably mounted on one side; under the round working state, the gasket has enough mechanical property, and the safety application of the fastener in the civil construction industry can be realized;

2) the arc bodies and the arc grooves arranged on the gasket single bodies can keep good rotation performance when the gasket deforms and recovers, so that the rotation between the gasket single bodies is kept stable. Meanwhile, the engagement angle between the arranged arc body and the arc groove is kept above 180 degrees within a certain range, and the arc engagement section cannot be radially separated within the range, so that a stably connected hinge mechanism is formed, the gasket has good dislocation resistance and collision resistance in the installation process, and the rubber ring with the bulge is tightly wrapped, so that the hinge type split gasket can stably achieve the installation performance effect;

3) the mounting tool is small in radial size and convenient to hold and use, the fastener can be mounted in a narrow space, the operating rod of the mounting tool is provided with full threads, and the ejector pin can be positioned to a corresponding position according to the required clamping length so as to meet the mounting requirements of fasteners under different mounting conditions;

4) the requirement on the field installation environment is low, and the requirement on an installer is also low due to the stability of the split type gasket structure, so that the installation work of the unilateral bolt fastener can be conveniently, quickly and efficiently carried out, the requirements on the installation efficiency and the reliability of a building construction field are met, and the split type gasket structure has a wide application range.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the main components of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovery split gasket of the present invention during rounding, wherein fig. 2a is a schematic view of a boss side during rounding, fig. 2b is a schematic view of a chamfer side during rounding, and fig. 2c is a schematic view of an engagement angle of a first gasket unit and a second gasket unit during rounding;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hinged deformed and contracted self-recovery split gasket during kneading, wherein fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of a boss side during kneading, fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of a chamfer side during kneading, and fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of an engagement angle of a first gasket monomer and a second gasket monomer during kneading;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the appearance of the hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovery split gasket unit of the present invention, wherein fig. 4a is a perspective view of a first gasket unit, and fig. 4b is a perspective view of a second gasket unit;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation tool of the present invention in a set working position;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the beginning of installation of the fastener of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the fastener of the present invention as it is being installed and fed into the spacer;

fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the positions of the components before the quincuncial head is broken after the main installation of the fastener of the present invention is completed, wherein fig. 8a is a side view and fig. 8b is an external perspective view.

The high-strength bolt connection pair comprises a high-strength bolt connection pair body 1a, a round-head bolt body 1b, a sleeve, 1c, a gasket, 1d, a nut, 2, a split type gasket, 2a, a first gasket monomer, 2b, a second gasket monomer, 2c, a rubber ring, 2d, a first arc groove, 2e, a first arc body, 2f, a first hinge, 2g, a second hinge, 2h, a second arc groove, 2i, a second arc body, 3, an installation tool, 3a, a thimble, 3b, a butting sleeve, 3c, an operating rod, 3d, a handle, 4 and a connecting piece.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovering unilateral bolt fastener and an installation tool. The unilateral bolt fastener comprises a high-strength bolt connecting pair 1 and a split type gasket 2, wherein the high-strength bolt connecting pair 1 comprises a round-head bolt 1a, a sleeve 1b, a washer 1c and a nut 1d which are sequentially sleeved on the round-head bolt 1a along the axial direction of the round-head bolt 1 a; the split type gasket 2 comprises a first gasket monomer 2a, a second gasket monomer 2b and a rubber ring 2c, wherein the first gasket monomer 2a and the second gasket monomer 2b are sequentially connected end to end along the circumferential direction to form a circular ring, and the rubber ring 2c is sleeved outside the first gasket monomer 2a and the second gasket monomer 2 b. The mounting tool 3 includes a thimble 3a, a thimble 3b, an operating lever 3c, and a handle 3 d.

As shown in fig. 2a and 2b, the split gasket 2 comprises two single first gaskets 2a and two single second gaskets 2b, the two single gaskets are circumferentially staggered, the heads and the tails of the two single gaskets are connected by hinges to form a ring, and the outer edge of the ring is elastically wrapped by a rubber ring 2 c.

As shown in fig. 4a and 4b, in the present embodiment, a first arc body 2e is disposed on the outer periphery of one end of the first gasket unit 2a, and a first arc groove 2d is disposed on the inner periphery of the other end; the periphery department of second gasket monomer 2b one end is equipped with second circular arc groove 2h, the interior week department of the other end is equipped with the second circular arc body 2i, and the position and the size of first circular arc groove 2d and the second circular arc body 2i mutually support, meshing in week department, form second hinge 2g, the position and the size of first circular arc body 2e and second circular arc groove 2h mutually support, meshing in week department, form first hinge 2f, wholly constitute two departments in periphery and two hinge connection structures in interior week.

As shown in fig. 3a and 3b, when the outer side of the first hinge 2f is pressed tightly, the first hinge 2f can be closed to the central position, the second hinge 2g can be far away from the central position, so that the split gasket 2 is flattened in a single direction in a plane when being pressed, the split gasket 2 can be placed into a mounting hole smaller than the original outer diameter of the split gasket, meanwhile, the split gasket 2 is still connected into a whole due to the wrapping of the hinge connection and the rubber ring 2c, and when the pressure is withdrawn, the split gasket 2 is restored through the elasticity of the rubber ring 2 c.

As shown in fig. 2c, when the split gasket is in a rounded state, the engagement arc angles between the first arc groove 2d and the second arc body 2i and between the first arc body 2e and the second arc groove 2h are all determined angles within 220 ° to 240 °, and the determined angles are specifically determined according to the specifications of the bolt, in this embodiment, the angles are set to 220 °, so that it is ensured that the engagement angle between the arc body 2e and the arc groove 2d is greater than 180 ° without pinching and pinching a small angle after engagement, and the arc body 2e does not separate from the arc groove 2d, and meanwhile, under the constraint of the rubber ring 2c, axial separation does not occur, so as to maintain the structural stability of the hinge mechanism during initial pinching. As shown in fig. 3c, when pinching occurs, the arc angle between the arc body 2e and the arc groove 2d can still be kept at 180 °, so that the structural stability in the use process can be ensured.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the split gasket 2 is provided with a groove at the center of the outer periphery thereof, and a protrusion at the center of the inner periphery of the rubber ring 2c is provided at the center of the inner periphery thereof, so as to increase the wrapping force of the rubber ring 2c, and simultaneously limit the axial movement of the gasket, thereby preventing the gasket from being separated from the hinge structure connection. Split type gasket 2 is equipped with the boss towards one side of nut, and opposite side processing chamfer, boss are arranged in the mounting hole of connecting piece 4 just when rounding, form the location, and the chamfer prevents that the fillet of button head bolt 1a from replying split type gasket 2 with the deformation shrink and take place line contact and stress concentration.

The dimensional relationship between the diameters of all parts of the unilateral bolt fastener and the diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece 4 is as follows: the diameter of the head of the round-head bolt 1a is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece 4; the outer diameter of the sleeve 1b is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting hole, and the inner diameter is slightly larger than the nominal diameter of the round-head bolt 1 a; the outer diameter of the gasket 1c is larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole; the outer diameter of the split type gasket 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece 4, and the inner diameter is slightly larger than the nominal diameter of the round-head bolt 1 a; the outer diameter of the boss is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece 4.

As shown in fig. 5, for the installation tool 3 of the hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener, wherein the periphery of the operating rod 3c is provided with full threads, the thimble 3a and the opposite-top sleeve 3b are respectively provided with threaded through holes matched with the external threads of the operating rod 3c, the external section of the opposite-top sleeve 3b is regular hexagon, the handle 3d is also internally provided with threaded holes matched with the external threads of the operating rod 3c, the thimble 3a and the opposite-top sleeve 3b can stably move on the operating rod 3c and can be pressed against the top, the effect of positioning and preventing looseness on the operating rod is achieved, and the handle 3d can be fastened at the tail end of the operating rod 3 c.

As shown in fig. 1 and 6, a quincunx head is provided at the tail end of the round-head bolt 1a, an internal thread is provided at the center of the bottom of the quincunx head and is matched with the external thread of the operating rod 3c, and the round-head bolt 1a is fixedly provided at the end of the operating rod 3c through the thread.

Corresponding to the diameter size, the diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece 4 is to achieve the following mounting effect: the head of round-head bolt 1a can just directly pass through the mounting hole, and split type gasket 2 is just accessible mounting hole when holding between the fingers flat, and in the mounting hole was arranged just in to the boss when rounding, the formation location to compress tightly through the bolt head, the opposite side compresses tightly through packing ring 1c and nut 1d, accomplishes the connection of polylith connecting piece. The sleeve 1b plays a role in supporting and positioning between the mounting hole and the round-head bolt 1a, the outer diameter of the sleeve is slightly smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole, the inner diameter of the sleeve is slightly larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt, the length of the sleeve is slightly smaller than the difference between the length of the mounting hole and the height of the boss after the plurality of connecting pieces are clamped, and therefore the bolt fastener is guaranteed to be compressed and compacted in the axial direction.

Before the unilateral bolt fastener is installed, the round-head bolt 1a, the split type gasket 2, the sleeve 1b, the washer 1c and the nut 1d are required to be sequentially placed on an assembled installation tool, wherein the bottom thread of the round-head bolt 1a is screwed with the thread of the operating rod 3c, and the boss of the split type gasket faces the direction of the handle 3 d.

During the installation, at first send into eye bolt 1a in the mounting hole, then hold between the fingers flat split type gasket 2 in well-positioned thimble 3a department, send into the mounting hole with split type gasket 2 through thimble 3a, pull back mounting tool 3 when treating that the resistance reduces suddenly, make eye bolt 1a compress tightly split type gasket 2 at the mounting hole inboard, then put into the mounting hole with sleeve 1b in, install packing ring 1c, nut 1d at eye bolt 1a afterbody in proper order, screw up nut 1 d. Finally, the mounting tool 3 is removed, and the electric wrench is used for twisting off the quincuncial head of the round-head bolt 1 a.

In this embodiment, the installation process of the hinge type deformation contraction self-recovery split bolt fastener is specifically as follows:

1. according to the required clamping length, the ejector pin 3a is positioned at the position of the operating rod 3c with the corresponding length, and the ejector sleeve 3b is locked;

2. the first gasket single body 2a and the second gasket single body 2b are alternately connected to form a complete split type gasket and are tightly wrapped by the rubber ring 2 c;

3. sequentially penetrating the nut 1d, the washer 2c, the sleeve 2b and the split type gasket 2 from the head of the mounting tool 3 and arranging on the operating rod 3 c;

4. the round-head bolt 1a is connected and screwed with an operating rod 3c of the mounting tool 3 through a threaded hole, and the whole arrangement is as shown in FIG. 6;

5. the round-head bolt 1a is sent into a mounting hole of the connecting piece 4, the split type gasket 2 is pinched flat at the thimble 3a, the pinch stress point is positioned at the first hinge 2f, and then the thimble 3a jacks the second hinge 2g of the split type gasket 2;

6. as shown in fig. 7, the split gasket 2 is fed into the mounting hole of the connecting member 4 until the resistance is suddenly small, which indicates that it has entered the inside of the mounting hole, and at this time, the split gasket 2 will automatically recover to a round state under the action of the rubber ring 2 c;

7. the mounting tool 3 is pulled back until the round-head bolt 1a presses the split type gasket 2 tightly, and the mounting tool 3 is swung to ensure that the boss is placed in the mounting hole;

8. pushing the sleeve 1b into the mounting hole, pushing the washer 1c into the mounting hole, sleeving the nut 1d into the round-head bolt 1a and screwing the round-head bolt 1a tightly, ensuring that the round-head bolt 1a, the split type gasket 2, the connecting piece 4, the washer 1c and the nut 1d are connected tightly, loosening the thread for connecting the round-head bolt 1a and the operating rod 3c, and detaching the mounting tool 3, wherein the integral appearance is shown in fig. 8;

9. and (3) twisting off the quincuncial head at the tail part of the round-head bolt 1a by using an electric wrench, wherein the fastening piece reaches the set pretightening force at the moment, and the whole installation process is completed.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a hinge formula warp shrink from recovering unilateral bolt fastener for fixed to connecting piece (4), including button head bolt (1a) and along the split type gasket (2), sleeve (1b), packing ring (1c) and nut (1d) that button head bolt (1a) axial overlaps in proper order on button head bolt (1a), characterized in that, split type gasket (2) include end to end connection form annular first gasket monomer (2a) and second gasket monomer (2b) and encircle rubber circle (2c) that surrounds this annular outer fringe, first gasket monomer (2a) and second gasket monomer (2b) along circumference crisscross setting in proper order, the periphery of one end of first gasket monomer (2a) through first hinge (2f) with the periphery of adjacent second gasket monomer (2b) tip be connected, the inner periphery of the other end is connected with the inner periphery of the end part of the adjacent second gasket single body (2b) through a second hinge (2 g);

when the split gasket (2) is extruded and passes through the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4) in a kneading state, the connection point of the first hinge (2f) is close to the annular center, and the connection point of the second hinge (2g) is far away from the annular center; when the split gasket (2) passes through the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4) to the other side, the rubber ring (2c) extrudes the first gasket monomer (2a) and the second gasket monomer (2b) to recover to the round state of the split gasket (2).

2. The hinged deformed self-recovering single-sided bolt fastener according to claim 1, wherein the first single gasket body (2a) and the second single gasket body (2b) are respectively provided in two pieces.

3. The hinged deformed shrink self-healing single-sided bolt fastener of claim 1, it is characterized in that a first arc body (2e) is arranged at the outer periphery of one end of the first gasket single body (2a), a first arc groove (2d) is arranged at the inner periphery of the other end, a second arc groove (2h) is arranged at the outer periphery of one end of the second gasket single body (2b), a second arc body (2i) is arranged at the inner periphery of the other end, the position and the size of the first arc body (2e) and the second arc groove (2h) are mutually matched, engaged at the periphery of the split washer (2) to form a first hinge (2f), the position and the size of the first arc groove (2d) and the second arc body (2i) are mutually matched, engaged at the inner periphery of the split spacer (2) to form a second hinge (2 g).

4. The hinged deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener according to claim 3, wherein when the split washer is in a rounded state, the range of the engaged arc angle between the first arc body (2e) and the second arc groove (2h) is 220 ° to 240 °, and the range of the engaged arc angle between the first arc groove (2d) and the second arc body (2i) is 220 ° to 240 °.

5. The hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener according to claim 1, wherein a boss is arranged on one side of the split type gasket (2) facing the nut, the outer diameter of the boss is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4), and the boss is arranged in the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4) for positioning when the unilateral bolt fastener is installed.

6. The hinged deformed and shrunk self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener according to claim 1, wherein the split type gasket (2) has an inner diameter larger than the nominal diameter of the round head bolt (1a), an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4), the head of the round head bolt (1a) has a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4), the sleeve (1b) has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4), the inner diameter is larger than the nominal diameter of the round head bolt (1a), and the washer (1c) has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4).

7. The hinged deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener according to claim 1, wherein the side of the split washer (2) facing the head of the round-head bolt (1a) is provided with a chamfer cooperating with the fillet of the round-head bolt (1a), and the head of the round-head bolt (1a) is tightly arranged in the chamfer.

8. The hinged deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the split gasket (2) is provided with a groove along the entire circumference, the inner circumferential surface of the rubber ring (2c) is provided with a protrusion matched with the groove, and the protrusion on the inner circumferential surface of the rubber ring (2c) is embedded into the groove on the outer circumferential surface of the split gasket (2).

9. An installation tool for installing the hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener according to any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising an operating rod (3c) with external threads, a thimble (3a) and a thimble sleeve (3b) which are respectively arranged on the operating rod (3c) through threaded connection, wherein the thimble (3a) comprises a connecting part which is provided with a threaded through hole and is connected with the operating rod (3c) and a convex part which is arranged on the connecting part, and the thimble (3a) is positioned on the operating rod (3c) through the butting compression of the thimble sleeve (3 b);

when the mounting tool is used, the split type gasket (2) is extruded at the ejector pin (3a) which completes positioning to be in a kneading state, and the protruding part of the ejector pin (3a) props against the first hinge (2f) to send the split type gasket (2) into the mounting hole of the connecting piece (4).

10. The mounting tool for the hinge type deformed and contracted self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener is characterized in that before the unilateral bolt fastener is mounted by using the mounting tool, one end of an operating rod (3c) is fixedly connected with the tail part of a round-head bolt (1a), the split type gasket (2), a sleeve (1b), a washer (1c) and a nut (1d) are sequentially sleeved on the operating rod (3c), and a boss of the split type gasket (2) faces the direction of the nut (1 d);

when the unilateral bolt fastener is installed by using the installing tool, the round-head bolt (1a) is sent into the installing hole through the operating rod (3c), the split type gasket (2) is applied with force at the positioned thimble (3a) to be in a kneading state, the thimble (3c) sends the split type gasket (2) into the installing hole, the operating rod (3c) is pulled back when the sending resistance is suddenly reduced, the round-head bolt (1a) is enabled to compress the split type gasket (2) on the inner side of the connecting piece (4), the sleeve (1b) is arranged in the installing hole of the connecting piece (4), and the gasket (1c) and the nut (1d) are sequentially installed at the tail part of the round-head bolt (1a) and are screwed with the nut (1 d).