CN111055084A - Method for manufacturing annular special-shaped part combined by multiple alloy materials - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing annular special-shaped part combined by multiple alloy materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging manufacturing, and particularly discloses a manufacturing method of an annular special-shaped part combined by alloy materials. According to the invention, the thin-wall annular part is obtained by processing the blank, then the strength performance test is carried out based on the stress analysis, the carbon steel materials with different carbon contents are adopted to carry out 3D printing according to the obtained strength data, a plurality of annular special-shaped hook parts are manufactured, and the plurality of annular special-shaped hook parts are fixedly connected to the thin-wall annular part, so that the complete annular special-shaped part is obtained. The invention solves the defects of complex structures of high ribs, branch buds, special-shaped bulges and other shapes protruding out of the surface of the matrix in the manufacturing process of the prior annular special-shaped piece, the use and waste of expensive metal materials in the forging process and the like, and can quickly produce the annular special-shaped piece with low cost and high performance by combining the 3D printing technology with different alloy materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging manufacturing, in particular to a method for manufacturing an annular special-shaped part combined by multiple alloy materials.
Background
With the development of the fields of aviation, aerospace, weaponry, national defense department industry and the like, the consumption of high-performance difficult-to-machine metal key components is increasing, and the machining difficulty of aerospace parts such as engine disks, shaft parts, turbine casings, landing gears and the like is increasing. The complex structures generally adopt the processes of ingot casting, blank making, die manufacturing, forging, machining and the like, and have the advantages of large processing amount, low material utilization rate and extremely high cost. Forging in the traditional forging field all adopts same kind of alloy material to forge, especially in the complex construction, when the bulk material adopted expensive alloy material to forge, the part also adopted same expensive material to the local piece that intensity demand is weaker, just so caused the waste in the resource, brought manufacturing cost for the enterprise and stayed high, the forging of complex construction is subject to forging process in the manufacturing process simultaneously, is difficult to complete production and makes out.
The forging material can be used in different fields and can also be used in multiple functions in different fields for respective physicochemical properties of other alloys such as low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, nonferrous metal and the like. In the manufacturing of alloy low pressure second grade machine casket, local part is whole comparatively complicated, and the integral forging has the degree of difficulty great, and the difficult point that the cost is higher adopts multiple alloy material to use under the prerequisite that satisfies local part strength properties, brings the cost-effective for the enterprise, promotes the promotion of forging an wholeness ability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing an annular special-shaped part combined by multiple alloy materials, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and sequentially heating, pre-forging, finish forging, air cooling, cleaning and heat treating the blank to obtain the thin-wall ring-shaped element.
Step two: and fixedly connecting N members of the annular hook-shaped piece, performing horizontal hierarchical data processing on the three-dimensional structure data of the Mth 3D member on the fixedly connected substrate to form Mth printing data, and forming the Mth 3D member by adopting a 3D printing method according to the printing data to obtain the annular hook-shaped piece.
Step three: and carrying out strength performance test on the thin-wall annular part and the annular hook part based on stress analysis, gridding the thin-wall annular part and the annular hook part, selecting a grid applied load and boundary condition stress analysis to obtain strength data, and obtaining the strength data.
Step four: and (4) repeating the operation processes of the second step and the third step by adopting different alloy materials based on the acquired strength data to obtain X annular hook-shaped pieces.
Step five: and cleaning the inner side curved surface of the thin-wall annular piece and the first outer side curved surfaces of the X annular hook-shaped pieces, and then completely attaching and fixedly connecting the inner side curved surfaces and the first outer side curved surfaces.
Step six: and finishing the member formed in the fifth step to form an annular special-shaped member formed by combining a plurality of alloy materials.
Further, the fixed connection mode is linear friction welding, spinning, fusion welding, pressure welding or solid state welding.
Further, the print data each contain a layer thickness data, and the layer thickness data is set to be less than 0.02 mm.
Further, the 3D printing method is selective laser sintering forming, selective laser melting forming, laser near net forming, electron beam selective melting forming or electron beam fuse deposition forming.
Further, the diameter of the annular thin-wall part is gradually reduced from the bottom end part to the middle area of the annular thin-wall part and then to the top end part, the annular hook part is provided with a first side curved surface, the first side curved surface is completely attached to the inner wall of the annular thin-wall part and fixedly connects the annular hook part to the annular thin-wall part, the annular hook part is provided with a second side curved surface, and the distance from any point of the second side curved surface to the center part of the annular thin-wall part is equal.
Further, the strength data of the bottom end of the annular thin-walled part meets the conventional test indexes of room-temperature mechanical properties: sigmab≥1350MPa，σ0.2≥1150MPa，δ5Not less than 20%, psi not less than 30%; the strength data of the top surface end part of the annular thin-walled part meet the conventional test indexes of room-temperature mechanical properties: sigmab≥1276MPa，σ0.2≥1034MPa，δ5Not less than 12%, psi not less than 15%; the conventional test of the room-temperature mechanical property of the middle area of the annular thin-wall part is between the strength data of the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part and the strength data of the top end part of the annular thin-wall part, and a gradient linear state is presented.
Further, X is more than or equal to 2, N is more than or equal to 2, M is more than or equal to 1, and all the X, N and M are integers.
Further, the hook-like piece comprises a member and a 3D member, with alloy material selection based on the strength data; the X annular special hook alloy materials connected from the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part to the middle area of the annular thin-wall part and then to the top end part of the annular thin-wall part are carbon steel with carbon content of 0.15-0.60%, and the carbon content specifically meets the formula:
C＝(σb/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)*100％
in the formula: sigmab-tensile strength of the annular thin-walled part, MPa;
σ0.2-yield strength of the annular thin-walled part, MPa;
k-carbon content calculation formula empirical coefficient of 5X 10-3；
δ5Elongation after break,%;
Ψ -reduction of area,%.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
1. the metal 3D printing has the advantages of technology, and can effectively shorten the processing period, improve the material utilization rate and reduce the cost. The die-free rapid near-net forming of the high-performance compact metal part can be realized, the manufactured metal part is complex in shape, the mechanical property of the part is comprehensively and obviously improved compared with that of the part manufactured by adopting a forging technology, and the strength of the complex detail component can be powerfully guaranteed.
2. The invention adopts forging to form the base body part of the annular profiled piece, and the complex or difficult-to-form structure is manufactured by combining a component base body with a 3D printing method. Compared with the traditional preparation process of the metal component, the method combines the advantages of forging and additive manufacturing, not only ensures the formability of the whole component, but also ensures the quality of fine and complex structural parts, and can also reduce the blank making workload to the greatest extent, reduce the heating times, reduce the metal loss of flash, improve the material utilization rate, reduce the processing cost and shorten the processing period.
3. The manufacturing material of the complex or difficult-to-form annular special-shaped hook piece is different alloy materials selected based on the strength data, so that the utilization rate of the materials is improved, the high cost caused by the fact that the same material is adopted for manufacturing in the traditional processing of the annular special-shaped hook piece is reduced, the use of expensive alloy materials is reduced, and the quality of the part is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a characteristic view of an annular profile according to the invention
FIG. 2 is a connection view of a seventh hook member and a thin-wall annular member according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a seventh hook member and a 3D member according to the present invention
In the figure, 1-a first cyclic isohook element, 2-a second cyclic isohook element, 3-a third cyclic isohook element, 4-a fourth cyclic isohook element, 5-a fifth cyclic isohook element, 6-a sixth cyclic isohook element, 7-a seventh cyclic isohook element, 8-an eighth cyclic isohook element, 9-a ninth cyclic isohook element, 10-a tenth cyclic isohook element, 11-an eleventh cyclic isohook element, 12-a cyclic thin-wall element from a bottom surface end, 13-a cyclic thin-wall element middle area, 14-a cyclic thin-wall element top surface end, 15-a cyclic thin-wall element, 16-a cyclic thin-wall element inner side curved surface, 17-a second side curved surface, 18-a first side curved surface, 19-a first component, 20-a second component, 21-a fourth 3D component, 22-third 3D member.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a manufacturing method of an annular special-shaped component, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and sequentially heating, pre-forging, finish forging, air cooling, cleaning and heat treating the blank to obtain the thin-wall ring-shaped element.
Step two: and fixedly connecting N members of the annular hook-shaped piece, performing horizontal hierarchical data processing on the three-dimensional structure data of the Mth 3D member on the fixedly connected substrate to form Mth printing data, and forming the Mth 3D member by adopting a 3D printing method according to the printing data to obtain the annular hook-shaped piece.
Step three: and carrying out strength performance test on the thin-wall annular part and the annular hook part based on stress analysis, gridding the thin-wall annular part and the annular hook part, selecting a grid applied load and boundary condition stress analysis to obtain strength data, and obtaining the strength data.
Step four: and (4) repeating the operation processes of the second step and the third step by adopting different alloy materials based on the acquired strength data to obtain X annular hook-shaped pieces.
Step five: and cleaning the inner side curved surface of the thin-wall annular piece and the first outer side curved surfaces of the X annular hook-shaped pieces, and then completely attaching and fixedly connecting the inner side curved surfaces and the first outer side curved surfaces.
Step six: and finishing the member formed in the fifth step to form an annular special-shaped member formed by combining a plurality of alloy materials.
In a preferred embodiment, the means of fixed connection is linear friction welding, spinning, fusion welding, pressure welding or solid state welding. Many materials that are difficult to weld can often be joined into a good quality joint of the same strength as the base material.
In a preferred embodiment, the layered thickness data of the 3D printing is set to be less than 0.02mm, so that the target printing metal materials can be connected quickly and accurately, and the physical and chemical properties of the metal materials are enhanced.
In a preferred embodiment, the 3D printing method is selective laser sintering molding, selective laser melting molding, laser near net shape molding, electron beam selective melting molding or electron beam fuse deposition molding. The printing effect of 3D metal can be promoted, and the complex structure of the annular special-shaped component is clearly and distinctly expressed.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the annular thin-wall part is gradually reduced from the bottom end part (12) to the middle area (13) of the annular thin-wall part to the top end part (14) of the annular thin-wall part, the annular hook part is provided with a first side curved surface (18), the first side curved surface (18) is completely attached to the inner wall (16) of the annular thin-wall part and fixedly connects the annular hook part to the annular thin-wall part (15), the annular hook part is provided with a second side curved surface (17), and the distance from any point of the second side curved surface (17) to the center of the annular thin-wall part is equal.
In a preferred embodiment, the strength data of the bottom end of the annular thin-wall part meets the following general test indexes of room-temperature mechanical properties: sigmab≥1350MPa，σ0.2≥1150MPa，δ5Not less than 20%, psi not less than 30%; the strength data of the top surface end part of the annular thin-walled part meet the conventional test indexes of room-temperature mechanical properties: sigmab≥1276MPa，σ0.2≥1034MPa，δ5Not less than 12%, psi not less than 15%; the conventional test of the room-temperature mechanical property of the middle area of the annular thin-wall part is between the strength data of the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part and the strength data of the top end part of the annular thin-wall part, and a gradient linear state is presented.
In a preferred embodiment, the annular special-shaped piece can be provided with a plurality of annular special-shaped hook members, in the embodiment, 11 annular special-shaped hook members are provided, namely a first annular special-shaped hook member (1), a second annular special-shaped hook member (2), a third annular special-shaped hook member (3), a fourth annular special-shaped hook member (4), a fifth annular special-shaped hook member (5), a sixth annular special-shaped hook member (6), a seventh annular special-shaped hook member (7), an eighth annular special-shaped hook member (8), a ninth annular special-shaped hook member (9), a tenth annular special-shaped hook member (10) and an eleventh annular special-shaped hook member (11).
In a preferred embodiment, the seventh annular hook member is composed of a first member (19), a second member (20), a third 3D printing member (21) and a fourth 3D printing member (22), wherein the upper end surface of the first member and the lower end surface of the third 3D printing member are completely attached and fixedly connected, the upper end surface of the third 3D printing member forms the upper end surface of the annular special-shaped member, the upper end surface of the second member and the lower end surface of the first member are completely attached and fixedly connected, the upper end surface of the fourth 3D printing member and the lower end surface of the second member and part of the lower end surface of the first member are completely attached and fixedly connected, and the lower end surface of the fourth 3D printing member forms the lower end surface of the annular special-shaped member.
In a preferred embodiment, the upper end surface of the first member of the seventh annular hook member is formed of a reverse tapered curved surface extending downward from the top of the upper end surface of the annular hook member to a first horizontal surface extending as far as the end of the second side curved surface of the annular hook member, and the lower end surface of the first member is formed of a second horizontal surface extending as far as the end of the second side curved surface of the annular hook member.
In a preferred embodiment, the looped hook member comprises a member and a 3D member, with alloy material selection based on the strength data; the X annular special hook alloy materials connected from the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part to the middle area of the annular thin-wall part and then to the top end part of the annular thin-wall part are carbon steel with carbon content of 0.15-0.60%, and the carbon content specifically meets the formula:
C＝(σb/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)*100％
in the formula: sigmab-tensile strength of the annular thin-walled part, MPa;
σ0.2-yield strength of the annular thin-walled part, MPa;
k-carbon content calculation formula empirical coefficient of 5X 10-3；
δ5Elongation after break,%;
Ψ -reduction of area,%.
In a preferred embodiment, the first annular hook member at the bottom end of the annular thin-wall member is made of carbon steelCarbon content C ═ sigmab/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)＝(1276MPa/1034MPa)×5×10-3(12％/15％)*100％＝0.39％
In a preferred embodiment, the carbon steel selected by the first annular hook member at the bottom end of the annular thin-wall member has a carbon content of C ═ σb/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)＝(1350MPa/1150MPa)×5×10-3(20％/30％)*100％＝0.39％
In a preferred embodiment, the carbon steel selected by the seventh annular hook member at the bottom end of the annular thin-wall member has carbon content of C ═ σb/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)＝(1300MPa/1100MPa)×5×10-3(16％/22％)*100％＝0.43％
In a preferred embodiment, the carbon steel selected by the eleventh annular special hook element at the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part has the carbon content of C ═ σb/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)＝(1276MPa/1034MPa)×5×10-3(12％/15％)*100％＝0.49％
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The method for manufacturing the annular special-shaped piece combined by multiple alloy materials is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: and sequentially heating, pre-forging, finish forging, air cooling, cleaning and heat treating the blank to obtain the thin-wall ring-shaped element.
Step two: and fixedly connecting N members of the annular hook-shaped piece, performing horizontal hierarchical data processing on the three-dimensional structure data of the Mth 3D member on the fixedly connected substrate to form Mth printing data, and forming the Mth 3D member by adopting a 3D printing method according to the printing data to obtain the annular hook-shaped piece.
Step three: and carrying out strength performance test on the thin-wall annular part and the annular hook part based on stress analysis, gridding the thin-wall annular part and the annular hook part, selecting a grid applied load and boundary condition stress analysis to obtain strength data, and obtaining the strength data.
Step four: and (4) repeating the operation processes of the second step and the third step by adopting different alloy materials based on the acquired strength data to obtain X annular hook-shaped pieces.
Step five: and cleaning the inner side curved surface of the thin-wall annular piece and the first outer side curved surfaces of the X annular hook-shaped pieces, and then completely attaching and fixedly connecting the inner side curved surfaces and the first outer side curved surfaces.
Step six: and finishing the member formed in the fifth step to form an annular special-shaped member formed by combining a plurality of alloy materials.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fixing connection is performed by linear friction welding, spinning, fusion welding, pressure welding or solid state welding.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the print data each comprise layer thickness data, the layer thickness data being set to less than 0.02 mm.
4. A method for making an annular shaped member of a combination of multiple alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printing method is selective laser sintering molding, selective laser melting molding, laser near net shape molding, electron beam selective melting molding or electron beam fuse deposition molding.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the annular thin-walled member is gradually reduced from the bottom end to the middle area of the annular thin-walled member and then to the top end, the annular hook member has a first side curved surface, the first side curved surface is completely attached to the inner wall of the annular thin-walled member and fixedly connects the annular hook member to the annular thin-walled member, the annular hook member has a second side curved surface, and the distance from any point of the second side curved surface to the center of the annular thin-walled member is equal.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the strength data of the bottom end of the annular thin-walled part meets the conventional test indexes of room temperature mechanical properties: sigmab≥1350MPa，σ0.2≥1150MPa，δ5Not less than 20%, psi not less than 30%; the strength data of the top surface end part of the annular thin-walled part meet the conventional test indexes of room-temperature mechanical properties: sigmab≥1276MPa，σ0.2≥1034MPa，δ5Not less than 12%, psi not less than 15%; the conventional test of the room-temperature mechanical property of the middle area of the annular thin-wall part is between the strength data of the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part and the strength data of the top end part of the annular thin-wall part, and a gradient linear state is presented.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein X is equal to or greater than 2, N is equal to or greater than 2, and M is equal to or greater than 1, both integers.
8. A method of making an annular profile of a combination of alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein the annular profile elements comprise elements and 3D elements, the alloy material selection of which is based on the strength data; the X annular special hook alloy materials connected from the bottom end part of the annular thin-wall part to the middle area of the annular thin-wall part and then to the top end part of the annular thin-wall part are carbon steel with carbon content of 0.15-0.60%, and the carbon content specifically meets the formula:
C＝(σb/σ0.2)*K(δ5/Ψ)*100％
in the formula: sigmab-tensile strength of the annular thin-walled part, MPa;
σ0.2-yield strength of the annular thin-walled part, MPa;
k-carbon content calculation formula empirical coefficient of 5X 10-3；
δ5Elongation after break,%;
Ψ -reduction of area,%.
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