CN111054924A - Heat treatment method for 3D printed stainless steel material - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for 3D printed stainless steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111054924A CN111054924A CN201911278866.8A CN201911278866A CN111054924A CN 111054924 A CN111054924 A CN 111054924A CN 201911278866 A CN201911278866 A CN 201911278866A CN 111054924 A CN111054924 A CN 111054924A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for a 3D printing stainless steel material, which is used for simplifying the heat treatment process flow of 3D printing parts, improving the overall mechanical property and reducing the machining allowance of the parts and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1: printing a part; step 2: carrying out cryogenic treatment; and step 3: and (5) aging treatment. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention has simple heat treatment process flow, no high-temperature solid solution treatment step and short aging time. The dimensional change of the parts before and after heat treatment is small. The part has high hardness, high tensile strength and high toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method for a 3D printed stainless steel material, and belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of materials.
Background
The 3D printing is to design a three-dimensional model through computer software, and a novel manufacturing technology which is the same as the three-dimensional model is manufactured in a layered processing and overlapping forming mode. Compared with traditional material reduction manufacturing, 3D printing belongs to additive manufacturing, and has the advantages of short production period, good design flexibility, high customization degree and the like.
Usually, the mechanical property of a metal part in a 3D printing forming state can not meet the actual use requirement, and subsequent heat treatment needs to be carried out on the part so as to meet the use working condition of the part. Such as the common die steel materials of Corrax, 17-4PH, PH13-8Mo and the like, the parts need to be subjected to solid solution and aging treatment in order to obtain high toughness performance. Both Corrax and 17-4PH materials need high-temperature solid solution and medium-temperature aging post-treatment. Currently, many studies have been made on the heat treatment process of such stainless steel materials.
In the invention patent application with publication number CN105331786A and named as a negative temperature gradient solution heat treatment method of PH17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel, a two-step heat treatment process of PH17-4 is disclosed: 1. heating PH17-4 from room temperature to 1000-1200 ℃, then carrying out solid solution treatment under the condition of negative temperature gradient, and naturally cooling to room temperature in the air; 2. raising the temperature from room temperature to 480 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours at the temperature for aging treatment, and naturally cooling to room temperature in the air.
The existing heat treatment process is not completely applicable to 3D printing of formed parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the heat treatment method suitable for 3D printing parts is provided to reduce part deformation and shorten heat treatment time.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment method for a 3D printed stainless steel material, which is used for simplifying a heat treatment process of a 3D printed part, improving overall mechanical properties, and reducing a machining allowance of the part, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Forming a stainless steel part on a substrate by 3D printing equipment, wherein the heating temperature of the substrate is 160-200 ℃;
step 2: cryogenic treatment
After the stainless steel part is formed, the stainless steel part is placed in a deep cooling box for cold treatment, the cold treatment temperature is-20 ℃ to-50 ℃, the cold treatment time is 1.5h to 2.5h, and the cooling mode is air cooling;
and step 3: aging treatment
After the cryogenic treatment is finished, the stainless steel part is placed in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, the aging temperature is 530-570 ℃, the aging time is 1-2 h, the cooling mode is air cooling, and the aging heat treatment adopts atmosphere protection.
Preferably, in step 1, the scanning strategy of the 3D printing apparatus adopts a stripe scanning strategy.
Preferably, in step 1, the substrate is preferably heated at a temperature of 180 ℃ to 200 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 2, the cold treatment temperature is preferably-20 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the cold treatment time is preferably 2h to 2.5 h.
Preferably, in step 3, the aging temperature is preferably 540 to 570 ℃, the aging time is preferably 2 hours, and Ar gas is used for the atmosphere protection.
The heat treatment method suitable for 3D printing of the parts can solve the problems of large post-treatment deformation, long time and large part machining allowance of the existing 3D printing manufactured metal parts. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has simple heat treatment process flow, no high-temperature solid solution treatment step and short aging time.
2. The dimensional change of the parts before and after heat treatment is small.
3. The part has high hardness, high tensile strength and high toughness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a heat treatment process diagram of a 3D printed stainless steel material provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
The heat treatment process for the 3D printing material disclosed in the embodiment takes a Corrax stainless steel material as an example, and includes the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing a part of 100 multiplied by 30mm by a 3D printing device by adopting a strip scanning strategy, wherein the heating temperature of a substrate is 200 ℃;
step 2: cryogenic treatment
After the molding is finished, placing the part in a deep cooling box for cold treatment at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the part to room temperature in air;
and step 3: aging treatment
And (3) after the cold treatment is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 550 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out until the temperature is room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Comparative example 1.1
Comparative example 1.1 is provided for inventive example 1, realizing a heat treatment of a Corrax stainless steel material, essentially comprising the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing 100 multiplied by 30mm parts by adopting a strip scanning strategy through 3D printing equipment without starting substrate heating;
step 2: solution treatment
After the forming is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature is 950 ℃, the solution time is 45min, air-cooling to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection;
and step 3: aging treatment
And (3) after the solution treatment is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 550 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Comparative example 1.2
Comparative example 1.2 is provided for inventive example 1, realizing a heat treatment of a Corrax stainless steel material, essentially comprising the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing 100 multiplied by 30mm parts by adopting a strip scanning strategy through 3D printing equipment without starting substrate heating;
step 2: aging treatment
And after printing of the part is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 550 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out until the temperature is room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Through tests, the mechanical properties and dimensional changes of the formed workpiece at room temperature are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 2
The heat treatment process for the 3D printing material disclosed in the embodiment takes a Corrax stainless steel material as an example, and includes the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing a part of 100 multiplied by 30mm by a 3D printing device by adopting a strip scanning strategy, wherein the heating temperature of a substrate is 180 ℃;
step 2: cryogenic treatment
After the forming is finished, the part is placed in a deep cooling box for cold treatment, the cold treatment temperature is-30 ℃, the time is 1.5 hours, and the part is cooled to the room temperature in air;
and step 3: aging treatment
And (3) after the cold treatment is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 560 ℃, the aging time is 2h, air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Comparative example 2.1
Comparative example 2.1 is provided for inventive example 2, realizing a heat treatment of a Corrax stainless steel material, essentially comprising the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing 100 multiplied by 30mm parts by adopting a strip scanning strategy through 3D printing equipment without starting substrate heating;
step 2: solution treatment
After the forming is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature is 950 ℃, the solution time is 45min, air-cooling to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection;
and step 3: aging treatment
And (3) after the solution treatment is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 560 ℃, the aging time is 2h, air cooling is carried out to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Comparative example 2.2
Comparative example 2.2 is provided for inventive example 2, realizing a heat treatment of a Corrax material, essentially comprising the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing 100 multiplied by 30mm parts by adopting a strip scanning strategy through 3D printing equipment without starting substrate heating;
step 2: aging treatment
And after the printing of the part is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 560 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Through tests, the mechanical properties and dimensional changes of the formed workpiece at room temperature are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Example 3
The heat treatment process for the 3D printing material disclosed in the embodiment takes a Corrax stainless steel material as an example, and includes the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Printing a part of 100 multiplied by 30mm by a 3D printing device by adopting a strip scanning strategy, wherein the heating temperature of a substrate is 170 ℃;
step 2: cryogenic treatment
After the molding is finished, placing the part in a deep cooling box for cold treatment at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the part to room temperature in air;
and step 3: aging treatment
And (3) after the cold treatment is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 570 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Comparative example 3.1
Comparative example 3.1 is provided for inventive example 3, realizing a heat treatment of a Corrax stainless steel material, essentially comprising the following steps,
step 1: part printing
Printing 100 multiplied by 30mm parts by adopting a strip scanning strategy through 3D printing equipment without starting substrate heating;
step 2: solution treatment
After the forming is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature is 950 ℃, the solution time is 45min, air-cooling to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection;
and step 3: aging treatment
And (3) after the solution treatment is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 570 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out to room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
Comparative example 3.2
Comparative example 3.2 is provided for inventive example 3, realizing a heat treatment of a Corrax stainless steel material, essentially comprising the following steps,
step 1: part printing
Printing 100 multiplied by 30mm parts by adopting a strip scanning strategy through 3D printing equipment without starting substrate heating;
step 2: aging treatment
And after printing of the part is finished, placing the part in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 570 ℃, the aging time is 2 hours, air cooling is carried out until the temperature is room temperature, and the heat treatment adopts Ar atmosphere protection.
The test shows that the mechanical property and the dimensional change of the formed workpiece at room temperature are shown in the following table 3:
table 3.
Claims (5)
1. A3D printing stainless steel material heat treatment method is used for simplifying a 3D printing part heat treatment process flow, improving the overall mechanical property and reducing the part machining allowance, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: part printing
Forming a stainless steel part on a substrate by 3D printing equipment, wherein the heating temperature of the substrate is 160-200 ℃;
step 2: cryogenic treatment
After the stainless steel part is formed, the stainless steel part is placed in a deep cooling box for cold treatment, the cold treatment temperature is-20 ℃ to-50 ℃, the cold treatment time is 1.5-2.5 h, and the cooling mode is air cooling;
and step 3: aging treatment
After the cryogenic treatment is finished, the stainless steel part is placed in a muffle furnace for aging heat treatment, the aging temperature is 530-570 ℃, the aging time is 1-2 h, the cooling mode is air cooling, and the aging heat treatment adopts atmosphere protection.
2. The heat treatment method for the 3D printed stainless steel material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the scanning strategy of the 3D printing device adopts a strip scanning strategy.
3. The thermal treatment method for 3D printed stainless steel material according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the substrate in step 1 is preferably 180-200 ℃.
4. The heat treatment method for the 3D printed stainless steel material according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the cold treatment temperature is preferably-20 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the cold treatment time is preferably 2h to 2.5 h.
5. The heat treatment method for the 3D printed stainless steel material according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the aging temperature is preferably 540-570 ℃, the aging time is preferably 2h, and Ar gas is used for the atmosphere protection.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112589117A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-02 | 成都天齐增材智造有限责任公司 | Additive manufactured 17-4PH material and rapid thermal processing technology thereof |
| US20220193775A1 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Alloy composition, method and apparatus therefor |
| CN116851778A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-10 | 重庆大学 | High-performance magnesium rare earth alloy forming method based on laser powder bed melting super solid solution characteristic and post heat treatment process |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112589117A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-02 | 成都天齐增材智造有限责任公司 | Additive manufactured 17-4PH material and rapid thermal processing technology thereof |
| CN112589117B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-10-17 | 成都天齐增材智造有限责任公司 | Additive manufacturing 17-4PH material and rapid heat treatment process thereof |
| US20220193775A1 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Alloy composition, method and apparatus therefor |
| CN116851778A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-10 | 重庆大学 | High-performance magnesium rare earth alloy forming method based on laser powder bed melting super solid solution characteristic and post heat treatment process |
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