CN111054917A - Multi-material solid additive manufacturing system and method - Google Patents
Multi-material solid additive manufacturing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111054917A CN111054917A CN201911295053.XA CN201911295053A CN111054917A CN 111054917 A CN111054917 A CN 111054917A CN 201911295053 A CN201911295053 A CN 201911295053A CN 111054917 A CN111054917 A CN 111054917A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/58—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads for changing the material composition, e.g. by mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/57—Metering means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system and a method, wherein the system comprises a plurality of feeders, a mixing device, a pneumatic conveying device, a spray pipe and a controller, wherein each feeder in the feeders supplies powder of one material, different feeders supply different materials, the feeders adjust the powder supply rate of each feeder in real time under the control of the controller, and the powder of various materials is conveyed into the spray pipe through the mixing device under the pushing of the pneumatic conveying device. The invention adopts a plurality of feeders, the feeding rate of each feeder is independently controlled, and the proportion of each material can be adjusted in real time, so that the functional gradient material can be manufactured, and not only the composite material with fixed proportion; through the charging device and the annular electrode, the manufacturing precision is controlled in real time, and the manufacturing speed and the forming precision can be considered: the powder can be quickly sprayed at low precision in the middle of the part, and the powder can be slowly sprayed at high precision in the edge of the part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system and a multi-material solid additive manufacturing method.
Background
The two methods are obviously defective, 1) the process using melting and resolidifying as the basic principle is limited by the melting point when selecting and using materials, and cannot manufacture multi-materials with the problem of compatible melting points, 2) some processes can only complete the manufacture of one-dimensional or two-dimensional multi-material composite structures, and cannot realize the manufacture of material distribution and microstructures in three-dimensional scale.
The cold gas power-based solid additive manufacturing process is expected to solve the problems. The principle is that high-pressure gas is utilized to push powder particles, supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow is generated through a convergent-divergent pipe, accelerated powder impacts a target at a very high speed in a solid state, and the powder particles generate strong plastic deformation and are firmly attached to the surface of the target. Jet manufacturing was used for Spray coating at the earliest time, and was proposed by former soviet scientists in the late middle and 80 s of the 20 th century, and is called Cold Gas Dynamic Spray (CGDS), Cold Spray for short. Before and after 2007, the Cold spray process was introduced into the additive manufacturing field, known as Cold gas dynamic turbine fabric. Since the particles are Solid during the manufacturing process, they are also called Solid state additive manufacturing.
The jet manufacturing process is more dependent on the kinetic energy of the particles. Therefore, the technology has the following advantages: 1) the heating temperature is far lower than the melting point, and the particles are basically free from the phenomena of oxidation, burning loss, grain growth and the like. The method is suitable for temperature sensitive materials and nano-oxidation sensitive materials, such as nanocrystalline and amorphous carbide materials. 2) The heat influence on the matrix is small, so that the thermal stress between the sediment and the matrix is reduced. 3) The deposition speed is high, and the processing efficiency is high. 4) The powder particles can be recycled, and the method is economical and environment-friendly.
The existing additive manufacturing method based on cooling power has the main defects that ① can only manufacture single materials or multiple materials with fixed proportion, ② has low processing precision and cannot be adjusted, the resolution of the spraying point of the spray pipe is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of laser sintering, so that the spraying additive manufacturing process can only manufacture blank-level parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system which can manufacture multi-material parts and can adjust the proportion of materials in real time.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a multi-material solid state additive manufacturing method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system is characterized by at least comprising a plurality of feeders, a mixing device, a pneumatic conveying device, a spray pipe and a controller, wherein each feeder in the feeders supplies powder of one material, the feeders adjust the powder supply rate of each feeder in real time under the control of the controller, the pneumatic conveying device is provided in a plurality, one pneumatic conveying device is arranged on each feeder, one pneumatic conveying device is arranged on the mixing device, and the powder of each material is conveyed to the spray pipe through the mixing device under the pushing of the pneumatic conveying device, wherein one of the following two conditions is included:
a: the material powder in all the feeders firstly falls into the mixing device, and the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device conveys the material powder into the spray pipe;
b: the material powder in all the feeders is fed to the mixing device by a respective pneumatic conveying device, and the material powder is fed to the nozzle by the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device.
The powder of the required multimaterial of system is supplied by a plurality of feeders in above-mentioned scheme, through the powder rate of supplying of each feeder of real time control of controller to the ratio of each material is adjusted in real time. The mixing device may use any one currently available on the market.
Preferably, the feeder includes a hopper in which the powder of the material is placed, and a dosing device that delivers the powder of the material in the hopper to the mixing device, the dosing device adjusting a powder feeding rate in real time under the control of the controller. The quantitative supply device can adopt any one powder quantitative supply device on the market at present.
Preferably, the dosing device comprises a vibrator or a powder scraper, and the manner of controlling the powder feeding rate of the dosing device comprises controlling the vibration frequency of the vibrator of the dosing device or controlling the rotation speed of the powder scraper.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying device adopts a compressed air pushing or negative pressure adsorption mode to enable the material powder to move along.
Preferably, the device further comprises a charging device and a ring electrode, wherein the charging device is connected with the mixing device, material powder in the mixing device is conveyed to the spray pipe through the charging device, in the charging device, the material powder is charged, the charge of the material powder is the same as the polarity of the ring electrode, the ring electrode is arranged on the outer layer of the spray pipe and surrounds the spray pipe, the spray pipe is in an axial symmetry shape, a cylindrical spray pipe is adopted, the charged material powder moves in the spray pipe and is repelled by the ring electrode with the same polarity and gradually approaches to the axis of the ring electrode, the ring electrode is connected with a controller, and the controller controls the voltage of the ring electrode.
The manufacturing accuracy can be characterized by the diameter of the sprayed powder, and the accuracy is low when the diameter is large and high when the diameter is small. The reason that the manufacturing accuracy is not high is that the manufacturing accuracy depends on the structure and the size of the nozzle, and the conventional nozzle is fixed in structure and size, so the accuracy is fixed and cannot be adjusted. By charging the material powder, the electrode having the same charge is provided on the outer periphery of the nozzle, and the material powder is moved toward the axis of the nozzle in the nozzle, so that the diameter of the powder discharged from the nozzle is reduced, and accordingly, the manufacturing accuracy is improved.
Preferably, the charging device is internally provided with a high-voltage electrode, the high-voltage electrode ionizes gas inside the charging device, and the material powder is charged when passing through the ionized gas after passing through the charging device.
Preferably, the charging device is a powder tube, and when the material powder is conveyed in the powder tube, the material powder is rubbed with the powder tube so as to charge the material powder.
A multi-material solid additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
s1: the powder supply speed of the feeders is adjusted in real time under the control of the controller;
s2: the powder of various materials is conveyed into the spray pipe through the mixing device under the propelling of the pneumatic conveying device, and is output from the spray pipe under the combined action of the air flow and the electric field, wherein the powder comprises one of the following two conditions:
a: the material powder in all the feeders firstly falls into the mixing device, and the pneumatic conveying device with the mixing device conveys the material powder into the spray pipe;
b: the material powder in all the feeders is fed to the mixing device by a respective pneumatic conveying device, and the material powder is fed to the nozzle by the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device.
Preferably, the material powder is conveyed from the mixing device to the spray pipe and then passes through the charging device, the material powder is charged after passing through the charging device, and the charged material powder is gathered towards the axis of the spray pipe in the spray pipe provided with the annular electrode and finally is output from the spray pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a plurality of feeders, the feeding rate of each feeder is independently controlled, and the proportion of each material can be adjusted in real time, so that the functional gradient material can be manufactured, and not only the composite material with fixed proportion; through the charging device and the positive electrode, the manufacturing precision is controlled in real time, and the manufacturing speed and the forming precision can be considered: the powder can be quickly sprayed at low precision in the middle of the part, and the powder can be slowly sprayed at high precision in the edge of the part.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the nozzle and the positive electrode in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a plurality of feeders, a mixing device, a pneumatic conveying device, a nozzle and a controller, wherein each feeder of the plurality of feeders supplies powder of one material, the feeder adjusts the powder supply rate of each feeder in real time under the control of the controller, the pneumatic conveying device is provided in plurality, each feeder is provided with one pneumatic conveying device, the mixing device is provided with one pneumatic conveying device, and the powder of each material is conveyed into the nozzle by the mixing device under the pushing of the pneumatic conveying device:
a: the material powder in all the feeders firstly falls into the mixing device, and the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device conveys the material powder into the spray pipe;
the feeder comprises a bin and a quantitative supply device, wherein the powder of the material is placed in the bin, the quantitative supply device conveys the powder of the material obtained in the bin to the mixing device, and the quantitative supply device adjusts the powder supply rate in real time under the control of the controller.
The quantitative supply device comprises a vibrator or a powder scraper, and the mode of controlling the powder supply rate of the quantitative supply device comprises controlling the vibration frequency or controlling the rotating speed of the powder scraper.
The pneumatic conveying device adopts a compressed air pushing or negative pressure adsorption mode to enable the material powder to move along with the material powder.
In a specific implementation, a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system includes the following steps:
s1: the powder supply speed of the feeders is adjusted in real time under the control of the controller;
s2: under the push of the pneumatic conveying device, the powder of various materials is conveyed into the spray pipe through the mixing device and is output from the spray pipe, wherein the following two conditions are divided into:
a: the material powder in all the feeders firstly falls into the mixing device, and the pneumatic conveying device with the mixing device conveys the material powder into the spray pipe;
example 2
In this example, based on example 1, the powder of each material is transported into the nozzle through the mixing device under the push of the pneumatic device, and the following are:
b: the material powder in all the feeders is fed to the mixing device by a respective pneumatic conveying device, and the material powder is fed to the nozzle by the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a multi-material solid additive manufacturing system, as shown in fig. 2, based on embodiment 1 or 2, the multi-material solid additive manufacturing system further includes a charging device and a ring electrode, wherein the charging device is connected to the mixing device, the material powder in the mixing device is transported to the nozzle through the charging device, in the charging device, the material powder is charged, the charge of the material powder is the same as the polarity of the ring electrode, the ring electrode is disposed on an outer layer of the nozzle and surrounds the nozzle, the nozzle is axially symmetric, the nozzle is a cylindrical nozzle, the charged material powder moves in the nozzle and is repelled by the ring electrode with the same polarity, and gradually approaches to the axis of the ring electrode, the ring electrode is connected to a controller, and the controller controls the voltage of the ring electrode.
The high-voltage electrode is arranged in the charging device and ionizes gas in the charging device, and the material powder is charged when passing through the ionized gas after passing through the charging device.
In the specific implementation process, before being conveyed to the spray pipe from the mixing device, the material powder also passes through the charge device, after passing through the charge device, the material powder is charged, the charged material powder is close to the axis of the spray pipe in the spray pipe provided with the annular electrode, and finally the charged material powder is output from the spray pipe.
Example 4
In this embodiment, based on embodiment 3, the charging device is a powder tube, and when the material powder is transported in the powder tube, the material powder rubs against the powder tube to charge the material powder.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar parts;
the terms describing positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-material solid additive manufacturing system is characterized by at least comprising a plurality of feeders, a mixing device, a pneumatic conveying device, a spray pipe and a controller, wherein each feeder in the feeders supplies powder of one material, the feeders adjust the powder supply rate of each feeder in real time under the control of the controller, the pneumatic conveying device is provided in a plurality, one pneumatic conveying device is arranged on each feeder, one pneumatic conveying device is arranged on the mixing device, and the powder of each material is conveyed to the spray pipe through the mixing device under the pushing of the pneumatic conveying device, wherein one of the following two conditions is included:
a: the material powder in all the feeders firstly falls into the mixing device, and the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device conveys the material powder into the spray pipe;
b: the material powder in all the feeders is fed to the mixing device by a respective pneumatic conveying device, and the material powder is fed to the nozzle by the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device.
2. The multi-material solid additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the feeder comprises a bin in which the powder of the material is placed and a dosing device that delivers the powder of the material in the bin to the mixing device, the dosing device adjusting a powder feed rate in real time under control of the controller.
3. The multi-material solid-state additive manufacturing system of claim 2, wherein the dosing device comprises a vibrator and a powder scraper, and the manner in which the dosing device controls the powder feed rate comprises controlling a frequency of vibration of the dosing device vibrator or controlling a rotational speed of the powder scraper.
4. A multi-material solid additive manufacturing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pneumatic conveying device adopts a compressed air pushing or negative pressure adsorption mode to enable material powder to follow the movement.
5. The multi-material solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, further comprising a charging device and a ring electrode, wherein the charging device is connected to the mixing device, the material powder in the mixing device is transported to the nozzle through the charging device, the material powder in the charging device is charged, the charge of the material powder is the same as the polarity of the ring electrode, the ring electrode is arranged on an outer layer of the nozzle and surrounds the nozzle, the nozzle is axially symmetric, the ring electrode is axially symmetric, the charged material powder moves in the nozzle and is repelled by the ring electrode with the same polarity and gradually approaches the axis of the ring electrode, the ring electrode is connected to a controller, and the controller controls the voltage of the ring electrode.
6. The multi-material solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 5, wherein a high voltage electrode is provided in the charging device, the high voltage electrode ionizes gas inside the charging device, and the material powder is charged when passing through the ionized gas after passing through the charging device.
7. The multi-material solid additive manufacturing system of claim 5, wherein the charging device is a powder tube, and when the material powder is transported in the powder tube, the material powder rubs against the powder tube to charge the material powder.
8. A multi-material solid additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the powder supply speed of the feeders is adjusted in real time under the control of the controller;
s2: the powder of various materials is conveyed into the spray pipe through the mixing device under the propelling of the pneumatic conveying device, and is output from the spray pipe under the combined action of the air flow and the electric field, wherein the powder comprises one of the following two conditions:
a: the material powder in all the feeders firstly falls into the mixing device, and the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device conveys the material powder into the spray pipe;
b: the material powder in all the feeders is fed to the mixing device by a respective pneumatic conveying device, and the material powder is fed to the nozzle by the pneumatic conveying device of the mixing device.
9. The multi-material solid additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein the material powder passes through the charging device before being conveyed from the mixing device to the nozzle, the material powder is charged after passing through the charging device, and the charged material powder is moved toward an axis of the nozzle in the nozzle provided with the ring electrode and finally is output from the nozzle.
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| CN201911295053.XA CN111054917A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Multi-material solid additive manufacturing system and method |
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| CN105965013A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-28 | 南昌大学 | Multi-component real-time control precise powder feeding system for metal 3D printing |
| CN110325285A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 苏德罗尼克股份公司 | Electrostatic powder spray head |
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Application publication date: 20200424 |
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