CN111054890B - Manufacturing method of mold for 3D printing sand mold - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of mold for 3D printing sand mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN111054890B CN111054890B CN201911248353.2A CN201911248353A CN111054890B CN 111054890 B CN111054890 B CN 111054890B CN 201911248353 A CN201911248353 A CN 201911248353A CN 111054890 B CN111054890 B CN 111054890B
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- mold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/18—Finishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a mold for 3D printing sand mold, which comprises the following steps: performing three-dimensional design on a mold, and preparing the mold by adopting a sand mold 3D printer; infiltrating the printed sand mold with the enhancing liquid; and carrying out numerical control cutting processing on the die to obtain the qualified die. The manufacturing method of the 3D printing sand mold provided by the invention has the advantages that the structural adaptability is strong, the weight is light, the casting and processing links of the traditional metal mold are omitted, the rapid and low-cost manufacturing of the mold for sand casting is realized, and the method can be used for small-to-medium-batch casting production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sand casting, and relates to a manufacturing method of a mold for 3D printing of a sand mold.
Background
In the casting production engineering, the quality of the mold and the manufacturing process have great influence on the casting production efficiency and quality. The traditional sand casting mold is mostly made of metal, a mold blank is firstly cast, and then a forming surface is processed in a numerical control machine cutting or milling mode. The method is a traditional die manufacturing method, has high requirements on processing precision, long manufacturing period and high manufacturing cost of the die, and cannot meet the production requirements of small-batch and rapid trial production in the fields of aviation and aerospace. Meanwhile, the metal mold is heavy, high in labor intensity of workers and easy to deform after being used for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the inventor carries out keen research, and provides a manufacturing process of a mold based on a 3D printing sand mold, and the manufacturing process utilizes the characteristics of short casting development period and low cost of the 3D printing sand mold technology to creatively manufacture the sand mold casting mold by sand mold printing and resin reinforcement.
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a mold for 3D printing sand mold, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out three-dimensional design on a mold, and preparing the mold by adopting a sand mold 3D printer;
step (2), infiltrating the printed sand mold with enhancement liquid;
and (3) carrying out numerical control cutting processing on the die to obtain the qualified die.
In the step (1), if the mold is formed by assembling and combining two split structures, the two split structures are respectively designed, the matching surfaces of the two split structures leave a machining allowance with a set thickness in the direction towards the split structure of the other split structure, and then a digital die-free precision forming machine is adopted to carry out numerical control cutting on the matching surface of the sand mold, so that the matching precision is ensured.
The raw materials for preparing the mould comprise silica sand and furan resin, wherein the weight ratio of the silica sand to the furan resin is 100: (1.2-2.0).
In the step (2), the reinforcing liquid comprises polyester resin, an accelerant and a curing agent, wherein the weight ratio is as follows: 100 parts by weight of polyester resin; 1-3 parts of accelerator; 1-2 parts of curing agent; wherein the accelerant is selected from any one or more of cobalt isooctanoate and cobalt naphthenate; the curing agent is one or more of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cycloethyl ketone peroxide and the like.
Immersing the mold in the reinforcing liquid at 15-25 deg.C for 2-5 min; and after the infiltration is finished, drying for 5-10 hours at normal temperature.
In the step (3), a digital die-free precision forming machine is adopted to carry out numerical control cutting processing on the matching surface of the sand mould so as to ensure the matching precision, and the processing precision of the matching surface is not less than +/-0.1 mm/100 mm.
According to the manufacturing method of the mold for 3D printing of the sand mold, provided by the invention, beneficial technical effects are brought:
(1) the mold has the advantages of strong structural adaptability, light weight, convenient use, difficult deformation and high precision, saves the casting and processing links of the mold of the traditional metal, realizes the rapid manufacture of the mold for sand casting, has the manufacturing cost of only about 10 percent of that of the traditional metal mold, and is suitable for the rapid trial production of small-batch or medium-batch products;
(2) the lifting hole groove is matched with the lifting appliance, so that the lifting process is safe and stable, and the lifting is convenient; the size of the sand core is not increased by the lifting hole groove, and meanwhile, the lifting hole groove is beneficial to exhaust in the casting pouring process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a 3D printing sand mold in the present invention; the reinforcing rib supporting structure comprises a reinforcing rib supporting structure 1, a matching surface 2, a fastening hole groove 3 and a positioning block 4;
FIG. 2 shows a top and side cross-sectional view of a lifting eye socket in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a spreader structure in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a mold for 3D printing a sand mold, the method comprising the steps of:
step (1), carrying out three-dimensional design on a mold, and preparing the mold by adopting a sand mold 3D printer;
step (2), infiltrating the printed sand mold with enhancement liquid;
and (3) carrying out numerical control cutting processing on the die to obtain the qualified die.
In step 1, a three-dimensional design of a mould, which may be provided with a reinforcement support structure 1, is performed by software such as CAD, as shown in fig. 1.
If the mold is formed by assembling and combining two split structures, the two split structures are respectively designed, machining allowance with set thickness, such as machining allowance of 2-3 mm, is reserved on the matching surfaces 2 of the two split structures in the direction facing the split structure of the other split structure, and then a digital die-free precision forming machine is adopted to carry out numerical control cutting on the matching surface 2 of the sand mold so as to ensure matching precision.
When the matching surfaces 2 adopt a bolt and nut assembling and fastening mode, fastening hole grooves 3 allowing bolts to be inserted are reserved on the matching surfaces, and at least one pair of positioning blocks 4 and positioning grooves are processed on the two opposite matching surfaces 2, so that the two split structures are accurately butted. Wherein, two matching surfaces 2 of one split structure can be only provided with positioning grooves, and two matching surfaces 2 of the other split structure are only correspondingly provided with positioning blocks 4; or, a positioning groove is processed on one matching surface 2 of one split structure, a positioning block 4 is processed on the other matching surface 2, and a positioning block 4 and a positioning groove are respectively and correspondingly processed on the two matching surfaces 2 of the other split structure; or the positioning block 4 and the positioning groove exist on any matching surface 2 at the same time.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the mould comprise silica sand and furan resin, wherein the weight ratio of the silica sand to the furan resin is 100: (1.2-2.0). Within the range, the adding amount of the resin can be automatically adjusted according to needs to obtain printing sand mold dies with different strengths, so that the subsequent operation is convenient. For example, if the mold is simple in structure and large in wall thickness, the printing sand mold is not easy to deform or damage, and the resin proportion can be reduced; if the mold structure is complex and thin-walled, the resin addition amount can be increased to obtain a printing sand mold with higher strength, and subsequent cleaning, carrying, reinforcing treatment and the like are facilitated. If the dosage of the furan resin is too much and exceeds the specified range, the toughness of the mould is greatly reduced, the brittleness is increased, knocking is not resisted, and the subsequent preparation of the sand core or the sand mould is not facilitated.
In the step 2, the reinforcing liquid comprises polyester resin, an accelerant and a curing agent, wherein the weight ratio is as follows:
100 parts by weight of polyester resin;
1-3 parts of an accelerator;
1-2 parts of curing agent.
Wherein the polyester resin is selected from one or more of o-benzene type, m-benzene type, p-benzene type, bisphenol A type and vinyl ester type polyester resin; the accelerant is selected from any one or more of cobalt isooctanoate and cobalt naphthenate; the curing agent is one or more of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cycloethyl ketone peroxide and the like.
In the present invention, if the amount of the accelerator is less than 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin, the reactivity of the curing agent is reduced, and the curing gel time of the resin is prolonged, and if the amount of the accelerator is more than 3 parts by weight, the conversion rate of the curing agent reaction is affected, but the curing effect cannot be accelerated, and the resin function is degraded; if the amount of the curing agent is less than 1 part by weight, the resin may not reach a sufficient exothermic peak and a high curing level, resulting in undercure of the final product and decreased properties, and if the amount of the curing agent is more than 2 parts by weight, the resin may be cured too quickly to complete the impregnation operation.
In the step, the die is immersed in the reinforcing liquid for 2-5 minutes at 15-25 ℃; and after the soaking is finished, drying at normal temperature.
The reason for selecting the reinforcing liquid containing the polyester resin is that the polyester resin has proper viscosity and fluidity, is easy to infiltrate and permeate into a sand mold, can be cured at normal temperature, has high strength and toughness, can be adjusted in curing speed according to needs (the resin gelling time is adjusted according to the temperature condition of an operating environment and the proportional relation of an accelerator and a curing agent is adjusted to achieve proper curing time and complete the infiltration reinforcing process), and can also be used for controlling the thickness of the resin infiltration layer by controlling the infiltration time so as to obtain proper reinforcing effect. The tensile strength of the reinforced die can reach 5.5-6 (MPa) after the reinforced die is soaked by the reinforcing liquid containing polyester resin (ortho-benzene type 196 unsaturated polyester resin).
In the step 3, a digital die-free precision forming machine is adopted to carry out numerical control cutting processing on the matching surface of the sand mould so as to ensure the matching precision, and the processing precision of the matching surface is not less than +/-0.1 mm/100 mm.
And scanning the assembled die line by laser three-dimensional dimension, and using the die line as a sand casting die after the die line is inspected to be qualified for molding and core making.
The invention adopts the 3D printing sand mould technology, has strong structural adaptability, light weight, convenient use, difficult deformation and high precision, saves the casting and processing links of the traditional metal mould, realizes the rapid manufacture of the mould for sand casting, has the manufacturing cost of only about 10 percent of the traditional metal mould, and is suitable for the rapid trial production of small-batch or medium-batch products.
After the die is manufactured, the problem of lifting movement exists. The sand mould 3D prints the leading characteristics and is a digital no mould casting technique, because can't be directly through pre-buried core bone or cable suspension device, the hoist and mount of 3D printing product mainly through the suspender or design sand matter lifting handle etc. in the product outside. However, the lifting by using the sling often has the problems of damage to a forming surface, unstable gravity center and the like. On one hand, the sand lifting handle increases the size of a product, not only increases the printing cost, but also is easily limited by the size of printing equipment; on the other hand, in the mould assembling fastening process, the mould assembling fastening process generally needs to be sawed and ground at the later stage, and the precision of a forming surface is influenced.
Therefore, in the mold manufacturing process, the lifting hole groove is reserved in the mold on the premise of not damaging the mold forming surface, lifting can be completed by means of a lifting appliance matched with the lifting hole groove, and the lifting problem of the sand mold 3D printing product is solved. The specific description is as follows.
In the manufacturing method of the mold, the step 1 further includes the following operations:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the design process of the die, a lifting hole groove is reserved in the die, the lifting hole groove is positioned at the middle upper part of the die, and an opening of the lifting hole groove is positioned on the upper surface of the die; if the die is formed by assembling and combining two split structures, hoisting hole grooves are reserved in the two split structures;
the lifting hole groove consists of a lifting appliance loading hole and a lifting appliance supporting groove, the lifting appliance loading hole extends into the die, and the lifting appliance supporting groove is heterotopic with the lifting appliance loading hole but communicated with the tail end of the lifting appliance loading hole;
the lifting hole groove is matched with a lifting appliance, the lifting appliance enters the lifting hole groove through a lifting appliance loading hole, then the lifting appliance is clamped and fixed through the lifting appliance supporting groove, and finally the model is lifted through external lifting equipment such as a crane lifting appliance.
In the invention, one or more lifting hole grooves can be arranged, and when one lifting hole groove is arranged, the symmetrical center of the lifting hole groove is positioned right above the center of mass of the die; when the handling hole groove is a plurality of, the handling hole groove all is located the well upper portion of mould and is the symmetric distribution to mould focus is stable when making the transfer.
In the invention, the edge of the lifting hole groove is ensured to have certain sand eating amount, for example, the distance between the lifting hole groove and the outer edge forming surface is not less than 50 mm; the distance between the hanger supporting groove and the upper surface of the die is not less than 50 mm.
The lifting appliance comprises a lifting appliance supporting arm, a lifting rod and a lifting ring, wherein the lifting rod is fixed on the lifting appliance supporting arm, the lifting ring is fixed at the uppermost end of the lifting rod, after the lifting appliance is assembled with a lifting hole groove, the lifting appliance supporting arm is positioned in the lifting appliance supporting groove, and the lifting rod is positioned in a lifting appliance installing hole;
the lifting appliance supporting arm and the lifting rod are both obtained by assembling or welding circular tubes or circular rod structures, and are convenient to insert into the lifting hole groove and finish fixing.
In the invention, the circular tubes or the circular rods forming the supporting arms of the lifting appliance are all on the same plane, namely the heights of the circular tubes or the circular rods are the same. Thus, the supporting arms of the sling extend into the mould to the same depth.
Preferably, the structure of the hanger supporting arm is a symmetrical structure, so that the stress of the die is more uniform.
More preferably, the spreader support arms are m-, X-or I-shaped.
Correspondingly, the main section of the hanger supporting groove is of a symmetrical structure such as a Chinese character 'mi', an X-shaped or I-shaped structure, and the surface matched with the hanger supporting arm is of an arc surface structure.
In the invention, the size of the lifting appliance loading hole is slightly larger than that of the lifting appliance, and a gap of 5mm is generally ensured between the lifting appliance and the lifting appliance when the lifting appliance is loaded. The length of the supporting groove of the lifting appliance is slightly longer than that of the supporting arm of the lifting appliance by 5-10 mm, and the radius of the supporting groove of the lifting appliance is the same as or slightly smaller than that of the supporting arm of the lifting appliance, so that the lifting appliance is convenient to clamp and fix.
The strength of the hoisting hole slot structure is checked, and the check is carried out according to a certain safety factor by calculating the weight of the sand core and combining the strength of the sand core. The safety coefficient generally takes 1.5-2.0 to ensure that the depth of the lifting hole groove meets the requirement.
The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, and the substitutions and the modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A manufacturing method of a mold for 3D printing of a sand mold is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), carrying out three-dimensional design on a mold, and preparing the mold by adopting a sand mold 3D printer; the die is formed by assembling and combining two split structures, the two split structures are respectively designed, and machining allowance with set thickness is reserved on the matching surfaces of the two split structures in the direction facing the split structure of the other split structure;
step (2), infiltrating the printed sand mold with enhancement liquid; the reinforcing liquid comprises polyester resin, an accelerant and a curing agent, wherein the weight ratio is as follows:
100 parts by weight of polyester resin;
1-3 parts of an accelerator;
1-2 parts of a curing agent;
wherein the polyester resin is selected from one or more of o-benzene type, m-benzene type, p-benzene type, bisphenol A type and vinyl ester type polyester resin; the accelerant is selected from any one or more of cobalt isooctanoate and cobalt naphthenate; the curing agent is selected from any one or more of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cycloethyl ketone peroxide;
and (3) carrying out numerical control cutting processing on the matching surface of the sand mold by adopting a digital die-free precision forming machine, ensuring the matching precision, and obtaining a qualified mold which is used for preparing a sand mold or a sand core.
2. The manufacturing method of the mold for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mold is assembled and combined by two split structures, the matching surfaces adopt a bolt and nut assembling and fastening mode, fastening hole grooves allowing bolts to be inserted are reserved on the matching surfaces, and at least one pair of positioning blocks and positioning grooves are processed on the two opposite matching surfaces.
3. A method for manufacturing a mold for a 3D printing sand mold according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the raw materials for preparing the mold comprise silica sand and furan resin, wherein the weight ratio of the silica sand to the furan resin is 100: (1.2-2.0).
4. The method for manufacturing the mold for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 1, wherein the mold is immersed in the reinforcing liquid at 15-25 ℃ for 2-5 minutes; and after the infiltration is finished, drying for 5-10 hours at normal temperature.
5. A method for manufacturing a mold for a sand mold for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises the following operations:
in the design process of the die, a hoisting hole groove is reserved in the die, the hoisting hole groove is positioned at the middle upper part of the die, and an opening of the hoisting hole groove is positioned on the upper surface of the die; the die is formed by assembling and combining two split structures, and hoisting hole grooves are reserved in the two split structures;
the lifting hole groove consists of a lifting appliance loading hole and a lifting appliance supporting groove, the lifting appliance loading hole extends into the die, and the lifting appliance supporting groove is heterotopic with the lifting appliance loading hole but communicated with the tail end of the lifting appliance loading hole;
the lifting hole groove is matched with a lifting appliance, the lifting appliance enters the lifting hole groove through a lifting appliance loading hole, then the lifting appliance is clamped and fixed through the lifting appliance supporting groove, and finally the lifting appliance is lifted through external lifting equipment to realize lifting of the model.
6. The manufacturing method of the mold for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 5, wherein one or more lifting hole grooves are formed, and when one lifting hole groove is formed, the symmetrical center of the lifting hole groove is positioned right above the center of mass of the mold; when the lifting hole grooves are multiple, the lifting hole grooves are all located on the middle upper portion of the die and are symmetrically distributed.
7. The manufacturing method of the mold for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 6, wherein the hanger comprises a hanger support arm, a hanging rod and a hanging ring, the hanging rod is fixed on the hanger support arm, the hanging ring is fixed at the uppermost end of the hanging rod, after the assembly of the hanger and the hanging hole groove is completed, the hanger support arm is positioned in the hanger support groove, and the hanging rod is positioned in the hanger installation hole;
the hanger support arm and the hanger rod are both assembled or welded by round pipes or round rod structures, and the round pipes or the round rod structures forming the hanger support arm are all on the same plane.
8. The manufacturing method of the mold for 3D printing sand mold according to claim 7, wherein the structure of the supporting arm of the lifting appliance is a symmetric structure in a shape of Chinese character 'mi', X 'or I';
corresponding to the hanger supporting arms, the main section of the hanger supporting groove is of a symmetrical structure in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', an X 'shape or an I' shape, and the surface matched with the hanger supporting arms is of an arc surface structure.
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| CN114406188A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-04-29 | 北京鉴衡认证中心有限公司 | Manufacturing method of casting mold and casting mold |
| CN112658207B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-07-19 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Rapid composite casting method of aerospace high-strength aluminum alloy |
| CN114379082A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-22 | 爱司达智能制造(江苏)有限公司 | Preparation method of3D printing sand mold with synchronously reinforced and toughened inner part and surface |
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