CN111052491A - Method for operating an electrical energy storage unit - Google Patents
Method for operating an electrical energy storage unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111052491A CN111052491A CN201880059205.3A CN201880059205A CN111052491A CN 111052491 A CN111052491 A CN 111052491A CN 201880059205 A CN201880059205 A CN 201880059205A CN 111052491 A CN111052491 A CN 111052491A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A method for operating an electrical energy storage unit is described. In this case, a first mechanical state variable, in particular a mechanical pressure or a displacement, is determined using a first mathematical model. Furthermore, an electrochemical state variable, in particular a substance concentration in the electrical energy accumulator unit, is determined using a second mathematical model. The first mathematical model and the second mathematical model are coupled. Furthermore, the power electronics component is controlled, wherein the control is performed as a function of the determined first mechanical state variable and/or the determined electrochemical state variable. The power electronics component is arranged in such a way that it changes the charging current or the discharging current of the electrical energy accumulator unit as a function of the actuation. Furthermore, a corresponding device, a corresponding computer program, a corresponding machine-readable storage medium, a corresponding electrical energy storage unit with a corresponding device, and applications thereof are described.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is based on a method, a device, a computer program, and a machine-readable storage medium for operating an electrical energy storage unit according to the independent patent claims, wherein a first mechanical state variable and an electrochemical state variable of the electrical energy storage unit are determined and a power electronic component is controlled on the basis of the variables determined in this way. Likewise, an electrical energy storage unit and its use are described.
Background
Electrical energy storage units, in particular based on lithium ion technology, are increasingly being used in the automotive sector as important components in the drive train. In this case, the electrodes of the electrical energy accumulator unit are subject to a change in capacity as a result of the lithium ion storage and extraction process. Depending on the state of charge, but also depending on the aging of the electrode, the respective dimension of the electrode is changed, in particular, orthogonally to the position of the electrode. These mechanical changes can therefore additionally be used in relation to the previously used measurement variables, such as voltage, temperature or current, of the electrical energy store unit in order to increase the accuracy of the determination of the aged or charged state of the electrode or in order to minimize the inaccuracy of the individual detection based on the electrical variable.
In particular, a model-based monitoring and determination of the state of aging and the state of charge of the electrodes or the electrical energy storage unit is useful in order to ensure that a safe operation of the electrical energy storage unit is maintained. For example, lithium ion batteries have an increased aging rate in the event of too high a mechanical pressure on the electrodes. Due to the expansion of the electrodes within the lithium ion battery caused by the embedding and the formation of the passivation layer, mechanical stresses occur on the electrodes due to the restriction of the mechanical structural space.
Furthermore, new active materials, for example based on silicon, for example for electrodes have a potential hysteresis, which makes it difficult to determine the charge state on the basis of the electrode potential.
In this connection, physical or electrochemical models, for example the known Newman model, are suitable for describing the electrochemical process in order to describe the electrochemical process in the electrode. However, this does not yet provide information about the mechanical state of the electrical energy reservoir unit, such as the expansion of the electrode or the force exerted by it on the housing surrounding the electrode.
DE 102012209271 a1 describes a battery management system for a battery pack, in which pressure-sensitive film sensors are mounted on electrode coils within the battery cells, the measured values of which are evaluated by a battery state detection device and used for battery state detection.
In document US 2015/0188198 a1, a battery module is described, which has a battery cell and a force gauge and a control module, wherein the force gauge measures a force due to bulging of the battery cell and the control module is provided for estimating the remaining service life of the battery module on the basis of received force measurement data.
A battery management control device is described in the document US 2014/0107949 a1, which executes a state of charge determination or a state of aging determination of an electrical energy storage unit on the basis of empirically determined mechanical characteristic variables.
The forces generated by lithium Ion batteries during charging or discharging are described by means of mathematical models in the Shankar Mohan et al document "A phenomenological Model of Bulk Force in aLi-Ion Battery Pack and its Application to State of Charge evaluation", Journal of the electrochemical society, 161 (14) A2222-A2231 (2014). Here, a test configuration is described, which provides a force measuring unit outside the battery cell.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for operating an electrical energy storage unit having the features of the independent patent claim is disclosed.
In this case, a first mechanical state variable, in particular a mechanical pressure or a displacement, is determined using a first mathematical model of the electrical energy accumulator unit, wherein the first mechanical state variable represents a mechanical state of the electrical energy accumulator unit. The first mechanical state variable may comprise, for example, a mechanical pressure exerted by a housing of the electrical energy accumulator unit or also a pressure exerted by an electrode of the electrical energy accumulator unit. The first mathematical model may be stored, for example, in a memory module of the battery management control device. The first mathematical model may comprise, for example, differential equations, in particular partial differential equations, and/or algebraic equations. Furthermore, the data-based characteristic map can also be a component of the first mathematical model.
Furthermore, an electrochemical state variable, in particular a concentration of a substance in the electrical energy accumulator unit, is determined using a second mathematical model of the electrical energy accumulator unit, wherein the electrochemical state variable represents an electrochemical state of the electrical energy accumulator unit, wherein the first mathematical model and the second mathematical model are coupled. This coupling causes: the mechanical state quantity influences the electrical state quantity and vice versa. The porosity of the electrodes or separators and/or more generally the flow behavior of the electrolyte in the electrical energy storage unit can be influenced, for example, by the mechanical state of the electrical energy storage unit. The coupling of the model accordingly reflects this mathematically. The second mathematical model may be stored, for example, in a battery management control device memory module and comprise, for example, differential equations, in particular partial differential equations, and/or algebraic equations. A known model of this type is the electrochemical model of an electrical energy storage cell proposed by Newman, which is based on the theory of concentrated solutions and porous electrodes.
In general, for the determination using the proposed model, it can be said that a suitable initial value is to be selected if necessary. This applies in particular to mathematical models based on differential equations. These initial values may be determined, for example, prior to actual operation and stored in a data memory. These initial values may then be used, if needed, for model initialization, possibly according to edge conditions.
Then, a power electronics component is controlled as a function of the determined first mechanical state variable and/or the determined electrochemical state variable, wherein the power electronics component is provided to vary a charging current or a discharging current of the electrical energy accumulator unit as a function of the control. For example, the power electronics component may comprise an inverter and a respective correlation between the mechanical state variable, the electrochemical state variable and a respective charging current or discharging current for the electrical energy accumulator unit is present in the characteristic map. The characteristic map is stored in a data memory, for example. It is also possible to generate the respective control signal of the power electronic component from the first mathematical model and/or the second mathematical model, for example by inversion of the respective model with respect to the current. The operating method therefore advantageously allows the operation of the electrical energy storage unit under optimum through-current conditions, since the charging current or the discharging current can be adapted at any time by the power electronics component as a function of the current state of the electrical energy storage unit. This allows operating the electrical energy storage unit without an increased aging rate. Premature failure of the electrical energy storage unit can thus be avoided and a longer service life of the electrical energy storage unit is achieved. Furthermore, a rapid charging of the electrical energy storage unit is possible, since the physical and electrochemical limits of the electrical energy storage unit, such as a discharge end voltage of 2.8V, a charge end voltage of 4.2V, a change in mechanical pressure, for example, of at most 100N per minute, can be taken into account or observed in the control of the power electronics components by means of a model-based method.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
Expediently, a value of an electrochemical variable of the electrical energy accumulator unit, in particular a porosity characteristic value of an electrode of the electrical energy accumulator unit, is determined as a function of the determined mechanical state variable, wherein the electrochemical state variable is then determined as a function of the determined parameter value, in particular the porosity characteristic value. This has the following advantages: the determination of the electrochemical state variable takes into account a mechanical force which influences the electrical energy accumulator unit, wherein the mechanical force influences the electrochemical properties of the electrical energy accumulator unit. Thus, the accuracy and reliability of the determination step and thus of the operation of the electrical energy reservoir unit are improved. This contributes in particular to an increased service life of the electrical energy storage unit.
The control of the power electronics component is expediently effected as a function of the substance concentration within the electrical energy accumulator unit at the transition point between the electrode, in particular the anode, and the separator, i.e. at the interface between the electrode and the separator. Since the probability of deposition of metallic lithium is particularly high at this location in the electrode, this manipulation thus contributes in an advantageous manner to preventing lithium deposition and thus to increasing the service life of the electrical energy storage unit. The risk of an internal short circuit within the electrical energy storage unit is strongly reduced in an advantageous manner.
Suitably, a comparison of the determined first mechanical state variable with a predefined mechanical state variable threshold is performed. Subsequently, a signal is generated in the event of a threshold value of the mechanical state variable being exceeded, in order to display the comparison result. This has the following advantages: the user of the electrical energy storage unit is provided with the following possibilities by means of this display: the behavior thereof is changed, for example, in order to reduce the mechanical load of the electrical energy storage unit. The following prompts may also be provided by the display: for example, a professional workshop is sought in order to check the electrical energy storage unit and, if necessary, to repair it. Thus, a safe operation of the electrical energy storage unit is ensured.
Expediently, the current trajectory is calculated for a predefined, future time period using a first mathematical model, a second mathematical model and a third mathematical model, wherein the third mathematical model represents the thermal development of the electrical energy storage unit. At the time of the calculation, at least one measured temperature value of the electrical energy storage unit and/or a measured value of an electrical variable of the electrical energy storage unit, in particular a voltage, is/are included in the calculation. This can be done, for example, by means of a temperature sensor, for example a thermocouple, mounted on the surface of the electrical energy storage unit. The power electronics are then actuated in such a way that at least a part of the calculated current path is applied to the electrical energy accumulator unit. This means for example: for a certain period of time, the corresponding current regulated by the power electronics flows into the electrical energy accumulator unit. The control is carried out by model-based calculation, as a function of the mechanical state variable determined using the first mathematical model, the electrochemical state variable determined using the second mathematical model and the thermal development determined using the third mathematical model. Since the calculation is mostly carried out in discrete time steps and thus the determined current values are correlated with the time steps, at least the discrete time-step current values of the calculated current trajectory are applied to the electrical energy storage unit, whereby the respective current flows into or out of the electrical energy storage unit. For example, the method can be applied within the scope of model-predictive regulation of the electrical energy storage unit.
Such a model-based determination of the current trajectory has great advantages: in this case, the limit values for the individual variables or for all the variables can be taken into account. Thus ensuring that: if the electrical energy accumulator unit is charged according to the determined current trajectory, it is not heated too strongly, for example.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the disclosure is an apparatus for operating an electrical energy storage unit, comprising a power electronics component and at least one device, for example an electronic battery management control device, wherein the actuator and the at least one device are provided for carrying out the disclosed method. With this device, the service life and the safety of the electrical energy storage unit operated by the device are advantageously increased.
Furthermore, the subject of the present disclosure is a computer program comprising instructions which cause the disclosed apparatus to carry out the method steps of the disclosed method. The advantages of the method are thus achieved in an advantageous manner.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the disclosure is a machine-readable storage medium on which the disclosed computer program is stored. In an advantageous manner, a simple possibility for popularizing a computer program is thus provided.
Furthermore, the subject of the disclosure is an electrical accumulator unit comprising the disclosed device for operating an electrical accumulator unit. This is advantageous because the service life of the electrical energy storage unit is extended and its safety is increased.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the disclosure is the use of the disclosed electrical energy storage device unit in electrically driven vehicles, including hybrid vehicles, in stationary electrical energy storage facilities, in electrically operated hand-held tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, and in household appliances.
An electrical energy accumulator unit is understood to mean, in particular, an electrochemical battery cell and/or a battery module having at least one electrochemical battery cell and/or a battery having at least one battery module. For example, the electrical energy storage unit may be a lithium-based battery cell or a lithium-based battery module or a lithium-based battery pack. In particular, the electrical energy accumulator unit may be a lithium ion battery cell or a lithium ion battery module or a lithium ion battery pack. Furthermore, the battery cells can be of the lithium polymer battery type, of the nickel metal hydride battery type, of the lead-acid battery type, of the lithium air battery type or of the lithium sulfur battery type or very generally of any electrochemical composition. As an electrical energy accumulator unit, capacitors are also possible. In this case, for example, porous electrodes can be used in the construction of the electrical energy storage unit. The corresponding electrolytes for use in such electrical energy storage device units can be, for example, gel-like or liquid.
The at least one device may comprise, for example, a battery management control device and corresponding power electronics, such as an inverter, and a current sensor and/or a voltage sensor and/or a temperature sensor. An electronic control unit, in particular an electronic control unit embodied as a battery management control device, may be such a device.
An electronic control unit is understood to mean, in particular, an electronic control unit which comprises, for example, a microcontroller and/or an application-specific hardware module, for example an ASIC, but which may likewise comprise a personal computer or a memory-programmable control unit.
Drawings
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are further described in the following description.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the disclosed method according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a fourth embodiment;
fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the disclosed apparatus, which is arranged to carry out the disclosed method.
Detailed Description
Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals designate the same equipment components or the same method steps.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a first embodiment. In a first step S11, the mechanical force acting on the electrical energy accumulator unit is determined using a first mathematical model of the electrical energy accumulator unit. Thus, the use of force sensors can be omitted, if necessary. Therefore, the forces acting on the electrical energy accumulator unit are known, wherein the forces have an influence on the efficiency of the electrical energy accumulator unit.
In a second step S12, the lithium concentration within the electrical energy reservoir cell is determined using a second mathematical model of the electrical energy reservoir cell based on differential equations. Here, the lithium concentration is determined from the mechanical force determined in the first step S11. Thus, the second mathematical model is coupled to the first mathematical model.
In a third step S13, a rectifier is then actuated as a function of the determined mechanical force and the determined lithium concentration, wherein the rectifier is provided for changing the charging current of the electrical energy storage unit as a function of the control command. In this case, a control command for the rectifier is generated as a function of the determined mechanical force and the determined lithium concentration.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a second embodiment. In a first step S21, the mechanical pressure acting on the electrical energy storage unit is determined using a first mathematical model of the electrical energy storage unit. The use of a pressure sensor can thus be dispensed with if necessary, wherein the pressure acting on the electrical energy accumulator unit is also known by a model-based determination.
In a second step S22, the porosity or porosity characteristic value of the electrodes of the electrical energy storage unit is determined as a parameter value of the electrochemistry of the electrical energy storage unit from the mechanical pressure determined in the first step S21. The parameters of the electrochemistry determined in this way are used in a second mathematical model. Alternatively, the porosity of the separator and/or the two electrodes may also be determined.
In a third step S23, a determination of the potential of the electrodes of the electrical energy accumulator unit is then carried out using a second mathematical model, wherein the parameter values determined in the second step S22 are used within this model-based determination by means of the second mathematical model, thereby improving the determination result.
In a fourth step S24, the inverter is then operated as a function of the determined mechanical pressure and, if necessary, the determined electrical potential. The inverter is arranged such that it changes the charging current or the discharging current of the electrical energy storage unit as a function of the actuation with the corresponding actuation command.
Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a third embodiment. In a first step S41, the determination of the potential of the electrodes of the electrical energy accumulator unit is carried out using a second mathematical model, which is coupled to the first mathematical model. This coupling causes, if necessary: the appropriate edge conditions or initial values within the scope of the model-based determination should be selected for the respective model.
In a second step S42, the mechanical pressure acting on the electrical energy storage unit is determined using the first mathematical model of the electrical energy storage unit. The use of a pressure sensor can thus be dispensed with if necessary, wherein the pressure acting on the electrical energy accumulator unit is also known by a model-based determination. If necessary, the variables determined in the first step S41 are used in the calculation in the second step S42.
In a third step S43, the determined mechanical pressure is compared to a predefined mechanical pressure threshold. The pressure threshold value may be selected, for example, such that an exceeding of the threshold value indicates irreversible damage to the electrical energy storage unit, thereby requiring, for example, an access in a professional workshop.
In a fourth step S44, a signal is therefore generated in the event of a pressure threshold being exceeded, in order to display the result of this comparison. This can be, for example, a graphic signal on the screen or a flashing of a signal light, which indicates, for example, a required shop visit.
In a fifth step S35, the rectifier is then actuated as a function of the determined mechanical pressure and the determined electrode potential. The rectifier is arranged in such a way that it changes the current flowing into or out of the electrical energy storage unit as a function of the actuation. If the pressure threshold is exceeded, a reduction of the current by a numerical value is specified, for example. This is particularly helpful in preventing unwanted lithium deposition at the electrodes, in particular at the interface between the negative electrode and the separator.
If the mechanical pressure threshold is not exceeded, a fifth step S35 is implemented after the third step S33. Since the mechanical pressure of the electrical energy accumulator unit is thus within the normal range, the actuation of the rectifier is carried out, for example, with changed actuation parameters, as a result of which the electrical energy accumulator unit is exposed, for example, to increased current dynamics, which in turn leads to increased pressure fluctuations. However, this is not problematic because the mechanical pressure is within the normal range.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a fourth embodiment. In a first step S41, the lithium concentration within the electrical energy reservoir cell is determined using a second mathematical model of the electrical energy reservoir cell based on differential equations. In a second step S42, the mechanical force acting on the electrical energy accumulator unit is determined using the first mathematical model of the electrical energy accumulator unit. Thus, the use of force sensors can be omitted if necessary. Thus, the forces acting on the electrical energy accumulator unit are known. The second mathematical model and the first mathematical model are thus coupled here, for which appropriate initial values and edge conditions are to be selected if necessary. The initial values can be stored (hingerlegen), for example, in a characteristic map, which is stored in a data memory, or they can be determined by means of a suitable sensor, for example a pressure sensor.
In a third step S43, the current trajectory is calculated for a predefined, future time period using the first mathematical model, the second mathematical model and a third mathematical model, wherein the third mathematical model represents the thermal development of the electrical energy storage unit. In this case, the variables determined in the first step S41 and in the second step S42 are included in the calculation. The third mathematical model represents the thermal development of the electrical energy storage unit or the thermal development in the electrical energy storage unit. Furthermore, the temperature measured values of the electrical energy storage unit and the voltage measured values of the electrical energy storage unit are used in the calculation of the current path.
In a fourth step S44, the power electronics components are then actuated in such a way that at least a part of the calculated current trajectory is applied to the electrical energy accumulator unit. Since the calculation is mostly carried out in discrete time steps and thus the determined current values are correlated with the time steps, at least the discrete time-step current values of the calculated current trajectory are applied to the electrical energy storage unit, whereby the respective current flows into or out of the electrical energy storage unit. For example, the method is used within the scope of model-predictive regulation of an electrical energy storage unit.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the disclosed apparatus 70, which is arranged to carry out the disclosed method. In this case, the mechanical state variable of the electrical energy accumulator unit is determined by means of a first mathematical model 71 stored in a first data memory. Subsequently, when determining the electrochemical state variable, the determined mechanical state variable is used in a second mathematical model 72, which is stored in a second data memory. From the determined state variables, the battery management control device 74 determines suitable control commands for the power electronics component 73, which is provided to vary the charging current or the discharging current of the electrical energy accumulator unit as a function of the control. As a result, the service life of the electrical energy storage unit is extended or a more economical operation of the electrical energy storage unit is achieved and a rapid charging or, if necessary, also a rapid discharging is achieved.
Claims (10)
1. A method for operating an electrical energy storage unit, the method comprising the steps of:
a) determining a first mechanical state variable, in particular a mechanical pressure or a mechanical strain of a housing of the electrical energy storage unit, using a first mathematical model (71) of the electrical energy storage unit, wherein the first mechanical state variable represents a mechanical state of the electrical energy storage unit;
b) determining an electrochemical state variable, in particular a substance concentration in the electrical energy storage unit, using a second mathematical model (72) of the electrical energy storage unit, wherein the electrochemical state variable represents an electrochemical state of the electrical energy storage unit, wherein the first mathematical model (71) and the second mathematical model (72) are coupled;
c) -actuating a power electronics component (73) as a function of the determined first mechanical state variable and/or the determined electrochemical state variable, wherein the power electronics component (73) is provided to vary a charging current or a discharging current of the electrical energy storage unit as a function of the actuation.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
d) determining a value of an electrochemical parameter, in particular a value of porosity, of the electrical energy accumulator unit used in the second mathematical model (72) from the mechanical state variable determined in step a), wherein the determination of the electrochemical state variable in step b) is then carried out from the electrochemical parameter value determined in step d).
3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the manipulation in step c) is performed as a function of the concentration of the substance at the electrode-separator transition location.
4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, the method further comprising:
e) performing a comparison of the first mechanical state variable determined in step a) with a predefined mechanical state variable threshold value;
f) generating a signal to display the comparison result if the mechanical state parameter threshold is exceeded.
5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, the method further comprising:
g) calculating a current trajectory for a predefined, future time period using the first mathematical model (71), the second mathematical model (72) and a third mathematical model, which represents a thermal development of the electrical energy accumulator unit, wherein at least one temperature measurement of the electrical energy accumulator unit and/or a measurement of an electrical parameter of the electrical energy accumulator unit, in particular a voltage, is contained in the calculation;
h) the power electronics component (73) is actuated in such a way that at least a part of the calculated current trajectory is applied to the electrical energy accumulator unit.
6. An apparatus (70) for operating an electrical energy storage unit, comprising a power electronics component (73) and at least one device (74), in particular an electronic battery management control device (74), the power electronics component (73) and the at least one device (74) being provided for carrying out the steps of the method according to one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A computer program comprising instructions for causing an apparatus (70) as defined in claim 6 to carry out the method steps as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A machine-readable storage medium, wherein the computer program according to claim 7 is stored on the storage medium.
9. An electric accumulator unit comprising a device (70) according to claim 6.
10. Use of an electric energy storage unit according to claim 9 in electrically driven vehicles including hybrid vehicles, in stationary electric energy storage installations, in electrically operated hand-held tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, and in household appliances.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017216223.6 | 2017-09-13 | ||
| DE102017216223.6A DE102017216223A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | Method for operating an electrical energy storage unit |
| PCT/EP2018/074309 WO2019052946A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2018-09-10 | Method for operating an electrical energy storage unit |
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| CN111052491A true CN111052491A (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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| CN201880059205.3A Pending CN111052491A (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2018-09-10 | Method for operating an electrical energy storage unit |
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| CN (1) | CN111052491A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102017216223A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019052946A1 (en) |
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| DE102017216223A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
| WO2019052946A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
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