CN111044812B - Method for estimating electrostatic voltage of grading ring of lightning arrester in transformer substation - Google Patents
Method for estimating electrostatic voltage of grading ring of lightning arrester in transformer substation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of a grading ring of a lightning arrester in a transformer substation, which comprises the steps of firstly calculating the equivalent capacitance of the grading ring of the lightning arrester to the ground and the equivalent capacitance of each phase of bus respectively based on different positions of the bus; calculating coupling voltage of each phase through an equivalent capacitor circuit, and then superposing to obtain total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring; therefore, a relation model of the coupling voltage and the bus position is established, namely a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation is established, and in application, the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation can be obtained according to the actual inter-phase distance of the bus in the target transformer substation and the distance between the middle-phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation by applying the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, so that the obtaining efficiency and the accuracy of the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation are effectively improved, the work safety risk of maintainers is evaluated, the induced electricity cognition level of the maintainers is improved, a basis is provided for next protection work such as grounding, and the method has important significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of a grading ring of a lightning arrester in a transformer substation, and belongs to the technical field of transformer substation detection.
Background
With the rapid development of electric power construction in China, the application of the ultra-high voltage transmission grade is more and more extensive, and the ultra-high voltage transformer substation plays an irreplaceable important role as a hub.
When overhauing the operation to substation equipment, generally only carry out the power failure to the spaced circuit that equipment belongs to and handle, and busbar still normal operating, the effect of its electric field can make maintenance equipment top produce electrostatic coupling voltage, can constitute the threat to maintainer's safety when coupling voltage is great, consequently before actual maintenance work, if estimate equipment coupling voltage earlier, carry out safety protection work such as ground connection again, can reduce maintainer's electric shock risk, important meaning has.
The existing electric field analysis method can calculate the potential of any position in the space of an electrostatic system only having a bus and the earth, but when the field point is changed from air to a conductor, the method has larger error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for estimating the static voltage of the arrester grading ring in the transformer substation.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems: the invention designs a method for estimating the static voltage of an arrester grading ring in a transformer substation, which is used for obtaining the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in a target transformer substation and comprises the following steps:
step A, constructing a finite element model corresponding to a three-phase bus and a lightning arrester of a target substation, and then entering step B;
b, acquiring the inter-phase distance x of each level of buses within the inter-phase distance range of the preset buses according to the preset first distance step length; simultaneously, according to a preset second distance step length, obtaining the distance y between the middle phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring at each level within the preset distance range between the middle phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring; then, obtaining pairwise combinations of each x and each y to form each distance combination, and entering the step C;
step C, respectively combining the distances: according to the distance combination, a finite element model is used for simulation, a mutual capacitance matrix of the three-phase bus and the arrester grading ring is calculated, and the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground corresponding to the distance combination is obtained0And equivalent capacitance C for each phase bus of a, b and Ca、Cb、Cc；
After the operation aiming at each distance combination is completed, entering the step D;
respectively combining the distances: according to the distance combination, the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground0And equivalent capacitors C for the buses of phases a, b and Ca、Cb、CcCombining the voltage of the buses of the phases a, b and c to obtain the coupling voltage of the buses of the phases a, b and c to the equalizing ring, and adding the coupling voltage of the buses of the phases to the equalizing ring to obtain the total coupling voltage U of the equalizing ring of the lightning arrester corresponding to the distance combinationn(ii) a Wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, N represents the number of distance combinations, UnRepresenting the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the nth distance combination;
after the operation aiming at each distance combination is completed, entering the step E;
step E, selecting a preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and entering the step F;
f, according to each distance combination and the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnFitting is performed on the basis function to obtain UnG, a fitting model which changes along with the combination of the distances, namely the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, and then entering the step G;
and G, according to the actual inter-phase distance of the buses in the target transformer substation and the distance between the middle-phase bus and the top of the grading ring of the arrester, applying a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation to obtain the total coupling voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the target transformer substation.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: further comprising a step FGI wherein after step F is performed, step FGI is entered;
step FGI, the following steps FGI-1 to FGI-2 are performed for each distance combination, respectively, to obtain each relative error enAnd judging whether a relative error outside a preset relative error range exists or not, if so, selecting an unselected preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and returning to the step F; otherwise, judging that the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation meets the relative error requirement, and entering the step G;
step FGI-1, applying the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation to obtain the total coupling voltage predicted by the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combination
Then entering step FGI-2;
representing the predicted total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the nth distance combination;
FGI-2, according to the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnThe following formula applies:
obtaining the corresponding relative error e of the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation under the distance combinationn；enAnd representing the corresponding relative error of the fitting model corresponding to the target substation under the nth distance combination.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the method further comprises the following step FGII, wherein in the step FGI, if the fitting model corresponding to the target substation is judged to meet the relative error requirement, the step FGII is carried out;
FGII, obtaining the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the arrester corresponding to each distance combinationnAverage value of (2)
And predicting the total coupling voltage by combining the grading rings of the lightning arresters corresponding to the distance combinations respectively
And the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the arrester corresponding to each distance combinationnThe following formula applies:
obtaining a fitting coefficient R-square of a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, judging whether the difference value of the fitting coefficient R-square and 1 is within a preset coefficient difference value range, if so, judging that the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation meets the requirement of relative error, and entering the step G; otherwise, selecting one unselected preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and returning to the step F.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the step D, for each distance combination: according to the distance combination, the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground0And equivalent capacitors C for the buses of phases a, b and Ca、Cb、CcVoltage U combined with buses of a, b and c phasesa、Ub、UcAccording to the following formula:
obtaining the coupling voltage U of the buses of the phases a, b and ca0、Ub0、Uc0。
As a preferred technique of the present inventionThe technical scheme is as follows: in the step D, for each distance combination: the added value of the coupling voltage of each phase of bus is subjected to mould extraction to obtain the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationn。
Compared with the prior art, the method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the grading ring of the lightning arrester in the transformer substation has the following technical effects:
according to the method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the arrester grading ring in the transformer substation, the equivalent capacitance of the arrester grading ring to the ground and the equivalent capacitance of each phase of bus are calculated based on different positions of the buses; calculating coupling voltage of each phase through an equivalent capacitor circuit, and then superposing to obtain total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring; therefore, a relation model of the coupling voltage and the bus position is established, namely a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation is established, and in application, the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation can be obtained according to the actual inter-phase distance of the bus in the target transformer substation and the distance between the middle-phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation by applying the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, so that the obtaining efficiency and the accuracy of the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation are effectively improved, the work safety risk of maintainers is evaluated, the induced electricity cognition level of the maintainers is improved, a basis is provided for next protection work such as grounding, and the method has important significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of a grading ring of a lightning arrester in a transformer substation according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single segment arrester;
fig. 3 is a front view of the arrester;
fig. 4 is a top view of the arrester.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a method for estimating the static voltage of an arrester grading ring in a transformer substation, which is used for obtaining the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in a target transformer substation and comprises the following steps in practical application as shown in figure 1.
And step A, combining the air domain and the ground to construct a finite element model corresponding to the three-phase bus and the lightning arrester of the target substation, and then entering step B.
The finite element method is characterized in that a Poisson equation or Laplace equation in an electric field is converted into a corresponding variational problem, then a solution area is divided and interpolated, and finally the variational problem is discretized into a group of multivariate algebraic equations.
B, acquiring the inter-phase distance x of each level of buses within the inter-phase distance range of the preset buses according to the preset first distance step length; simultaneously, according to a preset second distance step length, obtaining the distance y between the middle phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring at each level within the preset distance range between the middle phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring; and then obtaining pairwise combinations of each x and each y to form each distance combination, and entering the step C.
Step C, respectively combining the distances: according to the distance combination, a finite element model is used for simulation, a mutual capacitance matrix of the three-phase bus and the arrester grading ring is calculated, and the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground corresponding to the distance combination is obtained0And equivalent capacitance C for each phase bus of a, b and Ca、Cb、Cc；
After the above operation for each distance combination is completed, the process proceeds to step D.
Respectively combining the distances: according to the distance combination, the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground0And equivalent capacitors C for the buses of phases a, b and Ca、Cb、CcVoltage U combined with buses of a, b and c phasesa、Ub、UcAccording to the following formula:
obtaining the coupling voltage U of the bus pair equalizing ring of each phase of a, b and ca0、Ub0、Uc0Then, howeverThen adding the coupling voltages of the grading rings by the buses of each phase, and taking a mold according to the added value to obtain the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the lightning arrester corresponding to the distance combinationn(ii) a Wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, N represents the number of distance combinations, UnThe total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the nth distance combination is represented, and the voltage phase difference of adjacent phase buses is 120 degrees;
after the above operation for each distance combination is completed, the process proceeds to step E.
And E, selecting a preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and entering the step F.
F, according to each distance combination and the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnFitting is performed on the basis function to obtain UnAnd the fitting model which changes along with the combination of the distances, namely the fitting model corresponding to the target substation, then enters step FGI.
Step FGI, the following steps FGI-1 to FGI-2 are performed for each distance combination, respectively, to obtain each relative error enAnd judging whether a relative error outside a preset relative error range exists or not, if so, selecting an unselected preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and returning to the step F; otherwise, judging that the fitting model corresponding to the target substation meets the relative error requirement, and entering a step FGII.
Step FGI-1, applying the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation to obtain the total coupling voltage predicted by the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combination
Then entering step FGI-2;
and the predicted total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the nth distance combination is shown.
FGI-2, according to the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnShould beUsing the following formula:
obtaining the corresponding relative error e of the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation under the distance combinationn；enAnd representing the corresponding relative error of the fitting model corresponding to the target substation under the nth distance combination.
FGII, obtaining the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the arrester corresponding to each distance combinationnAverage value of (2)
And predicting the total coupling voltage by combining the grading rings of the lightning arresters corresponding to the distance combinations respectively
And the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the arrester corresponding to each distance combinationnThe following formula applies:
obtaining a fitting coefficient R-square of a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, judging whether the difference value of the fitting coefficient R-square and 1 is within a preset coefficient difference value range, if so, judging that the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation meets the requirement of relative error, and entering the step G; otherwise, selecting one unselected preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and returning to the step F.
And G, according to the actual inter-phase distance of the buses in the target transformer substation and the distance between the middle-phase bus and the top of the grading ring of the arrester, applying a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation to obtain the total coupling voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the target transformer substation.
The method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the designed transformer substation is applied to the practical application, for example, a 500kV ultrahigh voltage transformer substation is taken as an example, wherein a bus in the transformer substation is an aluminum-magnesium alloy tubular bus, the outer diameter of the aluminum-magnesium alloy tubular bus is 200mm, the wall thickness of the tubular bus is 9mm, and the phase distance is 6m, and as shown in fig. 2, a single-section arrester is respectively a resistor disc, an insulating cylinder and a porcelain bushing from inside to outside; the external dimensions and structure of the arrester are shown in fig. 3 to 4. In this model, 288.68kV voltage is applied to each phase of bus bar, the phase difference is 120 degrees, the bottom of the arrester is grounded, and an air area is arranged outside the arrester and the bus bar.
In application, a finite element model is constructed according to the step A, and then the following step B is carried out.
Obtaining the inter-phase distance x of each level of buses within the range of 6m to 8m according to the preset step length of 0.2 m; simultaneously, obtaining the distance y between each level of middle-phase buses and the top of the arrester grading ring within the range of 4m to 9m according to the preset step length of 0.2 m; then, two-to-two combinations between each x and each y are obtained to form each distance combination.
Then, executing the step C to the step G to obtain the total coupling voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the target transformer substation; wherein each preset elementary function in the preset elementary function set is such as U ═ ax + becy+d、U＝ax2+bx+cy2+ dy + e, in step F, according to each distance combination and the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnFitting against the basis function, i.e. UnThe values of x and y in each distance combination are respectively substituted into x and y in the function, and function fitting is carried out to obtain UnAnd the fitting model is changed along with the combination of the distances, namely the fitting model corresponding to the target substation.
According to the method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the arrester grading ring in the transformer substation, based on different positions of the buses, the equivalent capacitance of the arrester grading ring to the ground and the equivalent capacitance of each phase of bus are calculated; calculating coupling voltage of each phase through an equivalent capacitor circuit, and then superposing to obtain total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring; therefore, a relation model of the coupling voltage and the bus position is established, namely a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation is established, and in application, the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation can be obtained according to the actual inter-phase distance of the bus in the target transformer substation and the distance between the middle-phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation by applying the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, so that the obtaining efficiency and the accuracy of the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in the target transformer substation are effectively improved, the work safety risk of maintainers is evaluated, the induced electricity cognition level of the maintainers is improved, a basis is provided for next protection work such as grounding, and the method has important significance.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for estimating the static voltage of an arrester grading ring in a transformer substation is used for obtaining the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring in a target transformer substation, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, constructing a finite element model corresponding to a three-phase bus and a lightning arrester of a target substation, and then entering step B;
b, acquiring the inter-phase distance x of each level of buses within the inter-phase distance range of the preset buses according to the preset first distance step length; simultaneously, according to a preset second distance step length, obtaining the distance y between the middle phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring at each level within the preset distance range between the middle phase bus and the top of the arrester grading ring; then, obtaining pairwise combinations of each x and each y to form each distance combination, and entering the step C;
step C, respectively combining the distances: according to the distance combination, a finite element model is used for simulation, a mutual capacitance matrix of the three-phase bus and the arrester grading ring is calculated, and the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground corresponding to the distance combination is obtained0And equivalent capacitance C for each phase bus of a, b and Ca、Cb、Cc；
After the operation aiming at each distance combination is completed, entering the step D;
respectively combining the distances: according to the distance combination, the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground0And equivalent capacitors C for the buses of phases a, b and Ca、Cb、CcCombining the voltage of the buses of the phases a, b and c to obtain the coupling voltage of the buses of the phases a, b and c to the equalizing ring, and adding the coupling voltage of the buses of the phases to the equalizing ring to obtain the total coupling voltage U of the equalizing ring of the lightning arrester corresponding to the distance combinationn(ii) a Wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, N represents the number of distance combinations, UnRepresenting the total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the nth distance combination;
after the operation aiming at each distance combination is completed, entering the step E;
step E, selecting a preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and entering the step F; f, according to each distance combination and the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnFitting is performed on the basis function to obtain UnG, a fitting model which changes along with the combination of the distances, namely the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, and then entering the step G;
and G, according to the actual inter-phase distance of the buses in the target transformer substation and the distance between the middle-phase bus and the top of the grading ring of the arrester, applying a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation to obtain the total coupling voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the target transformer substation.
2. The method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: further comprising a step FGI wherein after step F is performed, step FGI is entered;
step FGI, the following steps FGI-1 to FGI-2 are performed for each distance combination, respectively, to obtain each relative error enAnd judging whether a relative error outside a preset relative error range exists or not, if so, selecting an unselected preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and returning to the step F; otherwise, judging that the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation meets the relative error requirement, and entering the step G;
step FGI-1, application purposeObtaining a fitting model corresponding to the standard transformer substation to obtain the total coupling voltage predicted by the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combination
Then entering step FGI-2;
representing the predicted total coupling voltage of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the nth distance combination;
FGI-2, according to the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationnThe following formula applies:
obtaining the corresponding relative error e of the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation under the distance combinationn；enAnd representing the corresponding relative error of the fitting model corresponding to the target substation under the nth distance combination.
3. The method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the substation according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the method further comprises the following step FGII, wherein in the step FGI, if the fitting model corresponding to the target substation is judged to meet the relative error requirement, the step FGII is carried out;
FGII, obtaining the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the arrester corresponding to each distance combinationnAverage value of (2)
And predicting the total coupling voltage by combining the grading rings of the lightning arresters corresponding to the distance combinations respectively
And the total coupling voltage U of the grading ring of the arrester corresponding to each distance combinationnApplication of asThe following formula:
obtaining a fitting coefficient R-square of a fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation, judging whether the difference value of the fitting coefficient R-square and 1 is within a preset coefficient difference value range, if so, judging that the fitting model corresponding to the target transformer substation meets the requirement of relative error, and entering the step G; otherwise, selecting one unselected preset elementary function from the preset elementary function set as a basic function, and returning to the step F.
4. The method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step D, for each distance combination: according to the distance combination, the equivalent capacitance C of the arrester grading ring to the ground0And equivalent capacitors C for the buses of phases a, b and Ca、Cb、CcVoltage U combined with buses of a, b and c phasesa、Ub、UcAccording to the following formula:
obtaining the coupling voltage U of the buses of the phases a, b and ca0、Ub0、Uc0。
5. The method for estimating the electrostatic voltage of the grading ring of the arrester in the substation according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: in the step D, for each distance combination: the added value of the coupling voltage of each phase of bus is subjected to mould extraction to obtain the total coupling voltage U of the arrester grading ring corresponding to the distance combinationn。
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