CN111044492A - Device and method for testing concentration of smoke emitted by small-caliber bullet - Google Patents
Device and method for testing concentration of smoke emitted by small-caliber bullet Download PDFInfo
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- CN111044492A CN111044492A CN201911212060.9A CN201911212060A CN111044492A CN 111044492 A CN111044492 A CN 111044492A CN 201911212060 A CN201911212060 A CN 201911212060A CN 111044492 A CN111044492 A CN 111044492A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a small-caliber bullet-fired smoke concentration testing device and method, the device comprises a smoke box, a pressure reducing device, a light transmittance instrument, a dismounting plate, a rubber pad and a bolt, wherein the pressure reducing device is arranged on the smoke box and used for ensuring the safety of the smoke concentration testing device, the light transmittance instrument is connected with the smoke box and used for detecting the smoke light transmittance in the smoke box, the dismounting plate is arranged on the rear end face of the smoke box through the bolt, and the rubber pad is arranged between the dismounting plate and the smoke box and used for sealing the smoke box. The device and the method have the advantages of short test time consumption, stable test data and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of propellant powder, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the concentration of smoke emitted by a small-caliber bullet.
Background
Flat spherical ammunition has been widely used in small caliber weapons. Because the propellant is a mixture with negative oxygen balance, the propellant is not fully combusted after being ignited in the cartridge, and the combustion characteristic necessarily causes a large amount of unburnt and complete solid powder to be sprayed out of a gun mouth to form smoke. Because the smoke influences the observation and health of soldiers, how to represent the combustion smoke performance of the propellant powder becomes a key index for evaluating the quality of the propellant powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the emission smoke concentration of a small-caliber bullet, which are short in testing time consumption and stable in testing data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a small-caliber bullet-fired smoke concentration testing device which comprises a smoke box, a pressure reducing device, a light transmittance instrument, a dismounting plate, a rubber pad and a bolt, wherein the pressure reducing device is installed on the smoke box and used for ensuring the safety of the smoke concentration testing device, the light transmittance instrument is connected with the smoke box and used for detecting the smoke transmittance in the smoke box, the dismounting plate is installed on the rear end face of the smoke box through the bolt, and the rubber pad is arranged between the dismounting plate and the smoke box and used for sealing the smoke box.
Preferably, the smoke box is a rectangular parallelepiped structure subjected to blackening treatment.
Preferably, the front end of the smoke box is connected with the small-caliber bullet launching device, and the rear end of the smoke box is provided with a shooting hole for the bullet of the small-caliber bullet launching device to pass through.
Preferably, the disassembly plate is made of a carbon steel plate, and a hole for passing the cartridge of the small-caliber cartridge firing device is formed in the center of the disassembly plate.
Preferably, the luminometer is a portable luminometer with an accuracy of 0.1%.
The invention also provides a method for testing the smoke emission concentration of the small-caliber bullet, which is used for testing the smoke emission concentration of the small-caliber bullet and comprises the following steps:
step S1: calibrating the light transmittance instrument to enable the light transmittance value of the light transmittance instrument to be 100%;
step S2: sealing the smoke box by using the disassembling plate and the rubber pad;
step S3: loading and firing the small-caliber bullet launching device by adopting a first propellant powder sample, and testing the light transmittance data of the current shooting by using the light transmittance instrument;
step S4: repeating the test in the step S3 for 3 times, and taking the average value of the light transmittance of 3 times of shooting as the light transmittance data of the propellant powder sample;
step S5: repeating steps S3 and S4 using the second propellant sample;
step S6: the relative smoke concentrations between the samples were calculated by the lambert beer law.
Preferably, in step S2, a transmittance value is recorded at regular intervals until the transmittance meter reading stabilizes, and the stabilized transmittance reading is used as the transmittance data of the shot.
Preferably, the prescribed time is 30 seconds.
Preferably, before the shooting of step S2, the rubber pad is pressed by the detaching plate and fastened to the smoke box by the nut, and after the shooting, the bullet hole left by the bullet on the rubber pad is blocked by the pressure measuring oil seal to prevent smoke leakage.
Preferably, in step S6, the relative smoke concentration between the samples is calculated as follows:
wherein: zeta1Is the light transmittance of the first propellant sample;
ζ2is the light transmittance of the second propellant sample;
a is a constant and is related to the weather condition of the test day;
The device and the method for testing the concentration of smoke emitted by the small-caliber bullet have the advantages of short testing time, stable testing data and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a smoke density testing device for small-caliber bullets according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for testing the emission smoke concentration of a small-caliber bullet, which solve the problems of long test preparation time, large test error and the like in the existing emission gun mouth smoke test process.
The structure of the smoke concentration testing device of the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises: smoke box 1, pressure relief device 2 and luminometer 3. The smoke box 1 is formed by welding 45# carbon steel subjected to blackening treatment, for example, and can be a cuboid structure with the size of 280mm multiplied by 120mm, the pressure reducing device 2 is installed on the smoke box 1, and the luminometer 3 is connected with the smoke box 1.
The front end of the smoke box 1 is connected with a small-caliber bullet launching device, such as a small-caliber ballistic gun 4, and the rear end of the smoke box 1 is transversely reserved with a shooting hole for the bullet of the ballistic gun 4 to pass through. The ballistic gun 4 is clamped by a special gun frame, the joint of the ballistic gun 4 and the smoke box 1 is sealed by a sealing ring 5, and the sealing ring 5 is generally a rubber sealing ring.
The smoke concentration testing device of the embodiment of the invention further comprises a detaching plate 6, a rubber pad 7 and a bolt 8.
The detaching plate 6 is installed on the rear end face of the smoke box 1 and may be made of a 45# carbon steel plate, and a hole for ejecting the bullet of the ballistic gun 4 is reserved in the center, and the diameter of the hole is 100mm, for example.
Thus, the front and rear ends of the body of the smoke box 1 are sealed by the detaching plate 6, the rubber pad 7 and the bolt 8.
The pressure reducing devices 2 can be two automatic pressure reducing devices, are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the box body of the smoke box 1 and are used for releasing pressure during shooting, and the safety of the system is guaranteed.
The invention also provides a method for testing the smoke emission concentration of the small-caliber bullet, which is used for testing the smoke emission concentration of the small-caliber bullet and comprises the following steps:
step S1: calibrating the light transmittance instrument to enable the light transmittance value of the light transmittance instrument to be 100%;
step S2: sealing the smoke box by using the disassembling plate and the rubber pad;
step S3: loading and firing the small-caliber bullet launching device by adopting a first propellant powder sample, and testing the light transmittance data of the current shooting by using the light transmittance instrument;
step S4: repeating the test in the step S3 for 3 times, and taking the average value of the light transmittance of 3 times of shooting as the light transmittance data of the propellant powder sample;
step S5: repeating steps S3 and S4 using the second propellant sample;
step S6: the relative smoke concentrations between the samples were calculated by the lambert beer law.
More specifically, before the smoke test, the light transmittance meter 3 is calibrated to ensure that the light transmittance meter 3 is normal. Specifically, it was checked whether the transmittance value of the transmittance meter 3 was 100%. If not, recalibrating according to the calibration method of the luminometer. After confirming that the transmittance value reached 100%, the open end of the smoke box 1 was sealed with the rubber gasket 7 and the detaching plate 6. And after sealing, the ballistic gun 4 is loaded into the chamber and is fired, and pressure measuring oil is adopted to immediately block the smoke leakage holes of the smoke box 1.
And synchronously starting timing, and recording the light transmittance value every 30s until the reading of the light transmittance instrument 3 is stable. After the light transmittance stability value is recorded, the smoke box 1 is opened, the smoke is dissipated by the blower, whether the light transmittance value is 100% or not is checked from the display screen of the light transmittance instrument 3, if not, the data is invalid, and the data is re-tested until valid data is obtained.
And taking the final stable light transmittance reading as light transmittance data of the shot, shooting a propellant powder sample for at least 3 times, taking the average value of the light transmittance after 3 shots as the light transmittance data of the propellant powder sample, and calculating the relative smoke concentration among the samples according to the light transmittance data through the Lambert-beer law. After the test is finished, the power supply of the luminometer 3 is closed, and the smoke concentration testing device is recovered to the storage room.
In summary, the smoke concentration testing device in the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the influence of muzzle smoke formed after shooting in a closed space on the spatial light transmittance to characterize the muzzle smoke concentration in real time, and adopts a final stable light transmittance value as the light transmittance value of the shot, and takes an average of 3 shots as the light transmittance value of the sample after testing 3 shots each time.
The smoke concentration measuring device of the present invention measures the muzzle smoke transmittance of a sample, and calculates the relative smoke concentration between the samples according to the lambert beer law, and the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
Examples
Using S subjected to internal ballistic tests1The product (first propellant sample) was loaded and incubated for 3 hours. After the device is installed, a shooter calibrates the light transmittance instrument 3 by adopting two standard attenuation sheets of 30 percent and 80 percent. The calibration results are 29.6% and 80.1%, which are in line withAnd (5) using conditions of a luminometer. 3 shots are started to be shot after the ammunition heat preservation time is reached. The light transmittance of 3 shots was 54.3%, 55.8%, and 52.1%, respectively. Taking the average value of 3 times, then S1The muzzle smoke transmittance of the product was 54.1%.
Using S subjected to internal ballistic tests2The product (second propellant charge sample) was loaded and incubated for 3 hours. After the device is installed, a shooter calibrates the light transmittance instrument by adopting two standard attenuation sheets of 30 percent and 80 percent. The calibration results are 29.3% and 80.1%, and the use conditions of the light transmittance instrument are met. 3 shots are started to be shot after the ammunition heat preservation time is reached. The light transmittance of 3 shots was 68.9%, 69.3%, and 69.1%, respectively. Taking the average value of 3 times, then S2The muzzle smoke transmittance of the product was 69.1%.
The relative smoke concentrations of the two propellants are calculated from the relation (Lambert-beer law) between the smoke transmittance and the smoke concentration. The calculation process is as follows:
ln(ζ)＝-ADI
wherein: zeta is the degree of light transmittance;
a is a constant (related to the weather conditions on the test day);
DIis the smoke concentration.
Based on the above data, the following formula is listed:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is S1The concentration of the smoke of the product is,
is S2The smoke concentration of the product.
Suppose S1Smoke concentration of the product
To 100%, the system of equations is solved:
A＝0.6143
from this S can be calculated2Product (second propellant sample) relative to S1Smoke concentration of the product (first propellant sample).
The smoke concentration testing device and the smoke concentration testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects: the test preparation time is short; the error between the test single-shot data is small; the concept of relative smoke concentration between propellant powders is used to eliminate the influence of climatic causes on smoke tests.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a small-bore bullet transmission smog concentration testing arrangement which characterized in that: including smoke box, pressure relief device, luminousness appearance, dismantlement board, rubber pad and bolt, pressure relief device installs on the smoke box, be used for guaranteeing smog concentration testing arrangement's safety, the luminousness appearance with the smoke box is connected, is used for detecting smog luminousness in the smoke box, the dismantlement board passes through the bolt is installed the rear end face of smoke box, the rubber pad set up in dismantle the board with between the smoke box, be used for sealing the smoke box.
2. The small-caliber cartridge-fired smoke density testing device of claim 1, wherein: the smoke box is of a cuboid structure subjected to blackening treatment.
3. The small-caliber cartridge-fired smoke concentration test device of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the front end of the smoke box is connected with the small-caliber bullet launching device, and the rear end of the smoke box is provided with a shooting hole for the bullet of the small-caliber bullet launching device to pass through.
4. A small-caliber cartridge-fired smoke concentration testing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the disassembling plate is made of a carbon steel plate, and a hole for the bullet of the small-caliber bullet launching device to pass through is formed in the center of the disassembling plate.
5. The small-caliber cartridge-fired smoke concentration test device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the luminometer is a portable luminometer with the precision of 0.1%.
6. A method for measuring a smoke density emitted from a small-caliber bullet, which comprises the steps of using the smoke density measuring device for measuring a smoke density emitted from a small-caliber bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
step S1: calibrating the light transmittance instrument to enable the light transmittance value of the light transmittance instrument to be 100%;
step S2: sealing the smoke box by using the disassembling plate and the rubber pad;
step S3: loading and firing the small-caliber bullet launching device by adopting a first propellant powder sample, and testing the light transmittance data of the current shooting by using the light transmittance instrument;
step S4: repeating the test in the step S3 for 3 times, and taking the average value of the light transmittance of 3 times of shooting as the light transmittance data of the propellant powder sample;
step S5: repeating steps S3 and S4 using the second propellant sample;
step S6: the relative smoke concentrations between the samples were calculated by the lambert beer law.
7. The method for testing the smoke concentration emitted by a small-caliber bullet according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, a transmittance value is recorded at regular intervals until the transmittance meter reading stabilizes, and the stabilized transmittance reading is used as transmittance data of the shot.
8. The method for testing the smoke concentration emitted by a small-caliber bullet according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the prescribed time is 30 seconds.
9. The method for testing the smoke concentration emitted by a small-caliber bullet according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: before the shooting of step S2, utilize the dismantlement board to press the rubber pad and fasten on the smoke box with the nut, after the shooting adopt the pressure measurement oil blanket to block up the bullet hole that the warhead left on the rubber pad, prevent smog and leak.
10. The method for testing the smoke concentration emitted by a small-caliber bullet according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein: in step S6, the relative smoke concentration between the samples is calculated as follows:
wherein: zeta1Is the light transmittance of the first propellant sample;
ζ2is the light transmittance of the second propellant sample;
a is a constant and is related to the weather condition of the test day;
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911212060.9A CN111044492A (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Device and method for testing concentration of smoke emitted by small-caliber bullet |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911212060.9A CN111044492A (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Device and method for testing concentration of smoke emitted by small-caliber bullet |
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| CN111044492A true CN111044492A (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD223249A1 (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-06-05 | Mini Des Inneren Versorgungsdi | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING SHOOTING AGAINST USING THE TEMPERATURE-RELATED DETECTIONABILITY OF GAS-FUSED MOLDING COMPONENTS |
| CN105842205A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Muzzle smoke concentration test device and method |
| CN107991101A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | A kind of propellant combustion smokescope test device |
| CN108072610A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-05-25 | 南开大学 | Detection device in a kind of smoke pipe |
-
2019
- 2019-11-29 CN CN201911212060.9A patent/CN111044492A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD223249A1 (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-06-05 | Mini Des Inneren Versorgungsdi | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING SHOOTING AGAINST USING THE TEMPERATURE-RELATED DETECTIONABILITY OF GAS-FUSED MOLDING COMPONENTS |
| CN105842205A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Muzzle smoke concentration test device and method |
| CN107991101A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | A kind of propellant combustion smokescope test device |
| CN108072610A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-05-25 | 南开大学 | Detection device in a kind of smoke pipe |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王劲松 等: "新型枪口烟测试系统", 《探测与控制学报》 * |
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