CN111044026B - Relative intensity noise suppression device for high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope - Google Patents

Relative intensity noise suppression device for high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope Download PDF

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CN111044026B
CN111044026B CN201911387709.0A CN201911387709A CN111044026B CN 111044026 B CN111044026 B CN 111044026B CN 201911387709 A CN201911387709 A CN 201911387709A CN 111044026 B CN111044026 B CN 111044026B
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王夏霄
陈和宇
郑月
孔令海
张祖琛
于佳
张春熹
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Beihang University
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    • G01C19/00Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
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Abstract

The invention discloses a relative intensity noise suppression device for a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope, which comprises an amplified spontaneous emission light source, a polarization-maintaining circulator, an 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler, a Y waveguide, a fiber-optic ring, a detector A, a polarization-maintaining isolator, a detector B and a signal processing module. The technical scheme of the invention can effectively inhibit the influence of RIN on the detection precision of the high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope, and has simple structure and lower cost; the optical power matching of the signal light path and the reference light path can be realized through a comparator and closed-loop control, so that the optical fiber gyroscope keeps the optimal suppression effect on relative intensity noise.

Description

Relative intensity noise suppression device for high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, and particularly relates to a relative intensity noise suppression device.
Background
The gyroscope is a core component of an inertial system and is one of important contents of the research of inertial technology. The fiber optic gyroscope is an angular rate sensitive fiber optic sensor, which is actually a Sagnac effect based ring interferometer that calculates the angular rate of a closed optical path by detecting the phase difference between two counter-propagating beams. The high-speed starting device has the advantages of all solid state, low cost, high reliability, high starting speed and the like, is widely applied to the fields of airplanes, submarines, warships, missiles, satellites and the like, and becomes a research hotspot of domestic and foreign inertia devices in recent years.
In a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope, in order to eliminate the influence of back reflection and scattering in a fiber ring on detection precision and reduce the optical kerr effect, an erbium-doped fiber light source based on Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) is generally used. Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) is a characteristic Noise of a wide-spectrum light source of a fiber-optic gyroscope, and is generated by interaction among components in a spectrum and is expressed as a result of beat frequency of each frequency component.
Thermal noise, shot noise and relative intensity noise are the dominant noise of fiber optic gyroscopes in fiber optic gyroscope systems. The noise caused by the optical current fluctuation on the detector can be expressed as
Figure GDA0003115945430000011
In which e is electricitySub-charges, BeIn order to detect the bandwidth,
Figure GDA0003115945430000012
and in the formula, the former term represents shot noise of the light source, and the latter term represents relative intensity noise. Indicating that the relative intensity noise of the light source is related to the optical power, the detection bandwidth and the spectral width of the spectrum. In a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope adopting an erbium-doped fiber light source, the optical power can usually reach dozens of mW, so that relative intensity noise is a main noise source in a light path of the high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope and influences an important factor for detecting a signal-to-noise ratio.
The spectrum of the amplified spontaneous emission light source can approximate a Gaussian shape, and the power spectral density of the light intensity and the autocorrelation function of the light intensity are Fourier transform mutually and are the result of spectrum normalized autocorrelation as known by the Wiener-Khinchi theorem. The RIN power spectral density may be expressed as
Figure GDA0003115945430000013
The distribution of the OPSD along the frequency is expressed as S (v), the total optical power of each frequency component in the spectrum is expressed as P, v is the frequency of each part of light in the spectrum, f is the frequency of the light source, and S (v + f) is the distribution of the OPSD along the frequency. The width of RIN power spectral density is close to the frequency width of the spectrum, and both are 1012In the Hz range. For the photoelectric detector of the fiber-optic gyroscope, the maximum response frequency is about 108Hz, less than 10 of the frequency width of RIN4And (4) doubling. Therefore, the photodetector can only detect RIN near zero frequency. When the optical power is converted to a corresponding voltage at the photodetector, RIN in the voltage signal has an approximately flat power spectral density distribution over the detection frequency range, with a distribution law similar to "white noise" with a constant power spectral density.
In signal detection, since the modulation and demodulation of the fiber-optic gyroscope are performed at specific frequencies, the power spectral density of RIN is critical to the detection signal-to-noise ratio. Because RIN is one of the most important factors for restricting the random walk coefficient of the high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope, the suppression of RIN in the high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that relative intensity noise restricts random walk coefficients and influences the detection signal to noise ratio due to the fact that a wide-spectrum light source is adopted in a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope. The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a relative intensity noise suppression device for a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope is characterized by comprising an amplified spontaneous emission light source, a polarization-maintaining circulator, an 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler, a Y waveguide, a fiber-optic ring, a detector A, a polarization-maintaining isolator, a detector B and a signal processing module, wherein,
the amplified spontaneous emission light source is connected with a first port of the polarization-maintaining circulator;
the second port of the polarization-maintaining circulator is connected with the third port of the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler, and the third port of the polarization-maintaining circulator is connected with the input end of the detector A;
the 99% port of the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler is connected with the single end of the Y waveguide, and the 1% port of the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler is connected with the polarization-maintaining isolator;
the double ends of the Y waveguide are connected with the optical fiber ring;
the polarization maintaining isolator is connected with the input end of the detector B;
signal light is emitted by the amplified spontaneous emission light source via the polarization-maintaining circulator, the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler, the Y-waveguide, the fiber ring, and back to the Y-waveguide to the detector A via the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler and the polarization-maintaining circulator;
the reference light is emitted by the amplified spontaneous emission light source and reaches the detector B through the polarization-maintaining circulator, the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler and the polarization-maintaining isolator;
the signal processing module is used for processing and closed-loop control the signal of the optical fiber gyroscope, the output signal of the detector A is divided into two paths, is connected to the input end of the comparator all the way, and another path enters the processor after the pretreatment, the output signal of the detector B is divided into two paths, is connected to the reference end of the comparator all the way, and another path enters the processor after the pretreatment, the comparator will the output signal of the detector A with the output signal of the detector B inputs the processor with the result after comparing, and the processor outputs the signal to the digital-to-analog converter after processing, and then arrives at the Y waveguide through the driving circuit, so that the closed-loop control of the optical fiber gyroscope is realized.
The closed-loop control method of the relative intensity noise suppression device comprises the following steps:
s1: after the optical fiber gyroscope is started, two paths of light split by the coupler contain relative intensity noise and have correlation, signal light generates time delay of tau time after passing through an optical fiber ring, the signal light is converted into an electric signal and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, the digital signal of the signal light is delayed for tau time than that of reference light, at the moment, the digital signal of the reference light is delayed for tau time, so that the signal light and the reference light are in the same time and in the same phase, and the digital quantity of the signal light and the digital signal of the delayed reference light are subtracted;
s2: collecting output signals of the comparator at intervals, wherein the output of the comparator is 1, which indicates that the light intensity of the signal light is greater than that of the reference light; if the output of the comparator is 0, the light intensity of the signal light is less than that of the reference light;
s3: and (5) adjusting the modulation depth of the fiber-optic gyroscope through closed-loop feedback according to the output signal of the comparator in the step (S2), wherein the output of the comparator is 1, increasing the modulation depth to reduce the light intensity of the signal light, judging the output of the comparator in the next period of time, and if the output of the comparator is 0, reducing the modulation depth until the output of the comparator reaches a steady state, which indicates that the light intensity of the signal light is equal to the light intensity of the reference light, and the relative intensity noise suppression effect is optimal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the optical structure and the detection module of the traditional fiber-optic gyroscope are improved, and the influence of RIN on the detection precision of the high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope can be effectively inhibited;
2. the problem of matching the optical power of a signal light path and a reference light path can be solved through a comparator and closed-loop control, when the external environment or the self-generated factors of devices cause the change of two paths of light intensity and cause mismatching, the two paths of light intensity are always matched by adjusting the modulation depth, and the optical fiber gyroscope can keep the optimal suppression effect on relative intensity noise;
3. compared with other RIN self-adaptive suppression schemes, the RIN self-adaptive suppression scheme has the advantages of simple structure, fewer light splitting devices, less influence by the outside or the RIN self, and lower cost.
Drawings
In order to illustrate embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings which are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be understood more clearly by referring to the drawings, which are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of these drawings without any inventive effort. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a normalized Gaussian spectrum;
FIG. 2 is a relative intensity noise power spectrum;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional optical path scheme of a fiber-optic gyroscope;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path scheme employed in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit scheme employed in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the digital method for delaying the reference light according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for controlling the light intensity of the signal light in a closed loop.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-an amplified spontaneous emission light source; 2-a polarization maintaining circulator; 3-99/1 polarization maintaining coupler; a 4-Y waveguide; 5-a fiber ring; 6-detector A; 7-a polarization maintaining isolator; 8-detector B; 9-a signal processing module;
d-a digital signal into which the signal light is converted; d' -a digital signal into which the reference light is converted;
D1-the digital quantity into which the signal light is converted during the first τ times in the graph;
D2-the digital quantity into which the signal light is converted during the second τ times in the graph;
D1' -the digital quantity into which the reference light is converted during the first time τ in the graph;
D2' -a digital quantity to which the reference light is converted during the second time τ in the figure;
VINcomparator input voltage (i.e. the voltage value after signal light conversion);
VREFcomparator reference voltage (i.e. the voltage value after conversion of the reference light);
VOUT-a comparator output value.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The spectrum of the amplified spontaneous emission light source can be approximate to a gaussian shape, as shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from the Wiener-Khinchin theorem, the power spectral density of the light intensity and the autocorrelation function of the light intensity are fourier transform, which is the result of the spectral normalized autocorrelation, and the RIN power spectral density is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the relative intensity noise suppression device for high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope is characterized by comprising an amplified spontaneous emission light source 1, a polarization-maintaining circulator 2, an 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler 3, a Y waveguide 4, a fiber-optic ring 5, a detector A6, a polarization-maintaining isolator 7, a detector B8 and a signal processing module 9, wherein,
the amplified spontaneous emission light source 1 is connected with a first port of the polarization-maintaining circulator 2;
the second port of the polarization-maintaining circulator 2 is connected with the third port of the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler 3, and the third port of the polarization-maintaining circulator 2 is connected with the input end of a detector A6;
99/1 the 99% port of the polarization-maintaining coupler 3 is connected with the single end of the Y waveguide 4, and the 1% port of the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler 3 is connected with the polarization-maintaining isolator 7;
the double ends of the Y waveguide 4 are connected with the optical fiber ring 5;
the polarization maintaining isolator 7 is connected with the input end of the detector B8;
the signal light is emitted by an amplified spontaneous emission light source 1, passes through a polarization-maintaining circulator 2, a 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler 3, a Y waveguide 4 and an optical fiber ring 5, returns to the Y waveguide 4, and reaches a detector A6 through a 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler 3 and a polarization-maintaining circulator 2;
the reference light is emitted by the amplified spontaneous emission light source 1 and reaches a detector B8 through a polarization-maintaining circulator 2, a 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler 3 and a polarization-maintaining isolator 7;
the signal processing module 9 is used for processing and closed-loop controlling signals of the fiber-optic gyroscope, output signals of the detector A6 are divided into two paths, one path is connected to an input end of the comparator, the other path enters the processor after being preprocessed, output signals of the detector B8 are divided into two paths, the other path is connected to a reference end of the comparator, the other path enters the processor after being preprocessed, the comparator compares the output signals of the detector A6 with the output signals of the detector B8 and then inputs results into the processor, the processor processes the signals and outputs the processed signals to the digital-to-analog converter, and the processed signals are then sent to the Y waveguide 4 through the driving circuit, so that closed-loop control of the fiber-optic gyroscope is achieved.
The closed-loop control method of the relative intensity noise suppression device comprises the following steps:
s1: after the optical fiber gyroscope is started, two paths of light split by the coupler 3 contain relative intensity noise and have correlation, the signal light generates time delay of tau time through the optical fiber ring 5, the signal light is converted into an electric signal and is subjected to analog-to-digital conversionThen, the digital signal of the signal light is delayed by one τ time from the digital signal of the reference light, i.e., the digital quantity D in the second τ time in the signal light in FIG. 62And the digital quantity D in the first tau time in the reference light1The relative intensity noise is the same, at this time, the digital signal of the reference light is delayed for a time tau, so that the signal light and the reference light are in the same time and the same phase, and the digital quantity of the signal light is subtracted from the delayed digital signal of the reference light;
s2: collecting output signals of the comparator at intervals, wherein the output of the comparator is 1, which indicates that the light intensity of the signal light is greater than that of the reference light; if the output of the comparator is 0, the light intensity of the signal light is less than that of the reference light;
s3: and (5) adjusting the modulation depth of the fiber-optic gyroscope through closed-loop feedback according to the output signal of the comparator in the step S2, wherein the output of the comparator is 1, increasing the modulation depth to reduce the light intensity of the signal light, judging the output of the comparator in the next period of time, and reducing the modulation depth until the output of the comparator reaches a steady state, namely outputting 0, 1, 0 and 1 … …, which shows that the light intensity of the signal light is equal to the light intensity of the reference light, and the relative intensity noise suppression effect is optimal.
For the convenience of understanding the above technical aspects of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given of the above technical aspects of the present invention by way of specific examples.
Taking a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope with L being 3800m and D being 120cm as an example, the conventional optical path scheme shown in FIG. 3 is adopted, and the zero-offset stability (i.e. precision) is measured to be 0.01 °/h, and the optical path scheme and the circuit scheme adopted by the invention are used for RIN inhibition, so that the zero-offset stability can reach about 0.0075 °/h, and the precision can be improved by 25%.
The technical scheme of the invention can realize the self-adaptive suppression of the relative intensity noise, namely, when mismatching is caused by the change of two paths of light intensity due to the external environment or the self-generation factor of a device, the suppression effect of the relative intensity noise is poor; the two paths of light intensity are always matched by adjusting the modulation depth, so that the optical fiber gyroscope can always keep the optimal suppression effect on relative intensity noise. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention adopts fewer light splitting devices, so that the influence factor of the external or the device is smaller (the light splitting ratio of the light splitting device deviates from an ideal value due to the degradation of the temperature or the performance of the light splitting device), and the cost is lower.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under", beneath and "under" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely under the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A relative intensity noise suppression device for a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope is characterized by comprising an amplified spontaneous emission light source (1), a polarization-maintaining circulator (2), an 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3), a Y waveguide (4), a fiber-optic ring (5), a detector A (6), a polarization-maintaining isolator (7), a detector B (8) and a signal processing module (9),
the amplified spontaneous emission light source (1) is connected with a first port of the polarization-maintaining circulator (2);
the second port of the polarization-maintaining circulator (2) is connected with the third port of the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3), and the third port of the polarization-maintaining circulator (2) is connected with the input end of the detector A (6);
the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3) has 99% of its ports connected with the single end of the Y waveguide (4), and the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3) has 1% of its ports connected with the polarization-maintaining isolator (7);
the double ends of the Y waveguide (4) are connected with the optical fiber ring (5);
the polarization-maintaining isolator (7) is connected with the input end of the detector B (8);
signal light is emitted by the amplified spontaneous emission light source (1) via the polarization-maintaining circulator (2), the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3), the Y waveguide (4), the fiber loop (5), and then returns to the Y waveguide (4) to reach the detector A (6) via the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3) and the polarization-maintaining circulator (2);
the reference light is emitted by the amplified spontaneous emission light source (1) to the detector B (8) through the polarization-maintaining circulator (2), the 99/1 polarization-maintaining coupler (3) and the polarization-maintaining isolator (7);
the signal processing module (9) is used for processing and performing closed-loop control on signals of the fiber-optic gyroscope, output signals of the detector A (6) are divided into two paths, one path is connected to the input end of the comparator, the other path enters the processor after being preprocessed, output signals of the detector B (8) are divided into two paths, the other path is connected to the reference end of the comparator, the other path enters the processor after being preprocessed, the comparator compares the output signals of the detector A (6) with the output signals of the detector B (8) and then inputs results into the processor, the processor processes the signals and outputs the signals to the digital-to-analog converter, and then the signals are sent to the Y waveguide (4) through the driving circuit, so that the closed-loop control of the fiber-optic gyroscope is realized;
the closed-loop control method of the device comprises the following steps:
s1: after the optical fiber gyroscope is started, two paths of light split by the coupler (3) contain relative intensity noise and have correlation, signal light generates time delay of tau time after passing through an optical fiber ring (5), the signal light is converted into an electric signal and is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, the digital signal of the signal light is delayed for tau time compared with the digital signal of reference light, the digital signal of the reference light is delayed for tau time, the signal light and the reference light are in the same time and in the same phase, and the digital quantity of the signal light and the digital signal of the delayed reference light are subtracted;
s2: collecting output signals of the comparator at intervals, wherein the output of the comparator is 1, which indicates that the light intensity of the signal light is greater than that of the reference light; if the output of the comparator is 0, the light intensity of the signal light is less than that of the reference light;
s3: and (5) adjusting the modulation depth of the fiber-optic gyroscope through closed-loop feedback according to the output signal of the comparator in the step (S2), wherein the output of the comparator is 1, increasing the modulation depth to reduce the light intensity of the signal light, judging the output of the comparator in the next period of time, and if the output of the comparator is 0, reducing the modulation depth until the output of the comparator reaches a steady state, which indicates that the light intensity of the signal light is equal to the light intensity of the reference light, and the relative intensity noise suppression effect is optimal.
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