CN111042157A

CN111042157A - Water-intercepting and water-storing micro-irrigation method for high and steep slope plant measures

Info

Publication number: CN111042157A
Application number: CN201911317656.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑楚英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-12-19
Filing date: 2019-12-19
Publication date: 2020-04-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a water interception and storage micro-irrigation method for high and steep slope plant measures. Carry out the water interception to domatic runoff through setting up the catch basin at domatic afforestation treatment area top, domatic setting catch basin, set up filter equipment in catch basin and the catch basin, the groove has the shunt and drips irrigation the pipe down, establish on the groove and prevent the silt net, wash guide strip etc. adopt promptly at concrete, domatic installation such as rock has catch basin and catch basin of blowdown function by oneself, simultaneously the moisture in catch basin and the catch basin passes through the filter core and gets into the shunt, again by drip irrigation the pipe on the shunt get into plant in the soil, and utilize rainwater and runoff to wash the filter core. The method is used for ecologically treating the parts which are difficult to grow because the moisture required by plants on the high-slope surfaces such as sprayed concrete, rock and the like is difficult to enter, and has the advantages of high plant survival rate, long survival time, good effect, small environmental protection influence, less investment, less material consumption, no power, difficult blockage of a dropper, no maintenance, low labor intensity of workers and short construction period.

Description

Water-intercepting and water-storing micro-irrigation method for high and steep slope plant measures

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of water and soil conservation, and relates to a slope plant irrigation method for greening and slope protection. In particular to a micro-irrigation method for high and steep shotcrete slope surfaces, rock surfaces, reverse slopes and other slope surfaces. The survival rate of plants is high, the survival time is long, the effect is good, the environmental protection influence is small, the investment is saved, the material consumption is less, no power is provided, a dropper is not easy to block, the maintenance is not required, the labor intensity of workers is low, and the construction period is short.

Background

At present, slope protection and greening are frequently carried out on a rock face after manual operation or a slope face after concrete spraying and anchoring, a steep slope and an adverse slope in the industries of water conservancy and hydropower, highways, railways, port and navigation and the like by adopting a spray-seeding method, and water needs to be maintained during greening, so that a power system with a water pump is frequently adopted for micro-irrigation on the slope faces which are extremely steep and even nearly vertical, otherwise, water cannot enter planting soil by means of gravity when the slope faces are steep, and plants cannot survive. Particularly, the water in the rock mass is isolated due to the isolation effect of the concrete layer and the crack-free rock, and plants sprayed on the concrete slope surface do not have survival conditions. Meanwhile, the existing micro-irrigation system needs power, so that the difficulty is brought to dispersed slope treatment, the investment is huge, the failure rate is high, and the maintenance amount is large. In addition, because the slope protection greening technology without adopting the micro-irrigation system does not have the simple and easy later-stage additional fertilizer function, only a mode of spraying a page fertilizer can be adopted, and the fertilizing mode is troublesome and not the best effect. And the intercepting ditches in the engineering measures of water and soil conservation projects cannot be implemented on the high and steep side slopes, so that the slope water flow forms strong scouring on the planting soil in the plant measures, and therefore, the problem that how to overcome the defects is urgently needed to be solved at present is under the policy of vigorously advocating ecological development.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plant measure water interception and storage micro-irrigation method which is suitable for a concrete slope, a sprayed concrete surface, a rock surface, a broken stone surface and an earth slope surface, and is also suitable for a steep slope surface, an inverse slope surface and a common slope surface by aiming at the technical defects and fully utilizing the scouring capability of slope runoff, the characteristic of much water impurities in the slope surface and the advantages of a power micro-irrigation system. The survival rate of plants is high, the survival time is long, the effect is good, the environmental protection influence is small, the investment is saved, the material consumption is less, no power is provided, a dropper is not easy to block, the maintenance is not required, the labor intensity of workers is low, and the construction period is short.

In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:

a water interception and storage micro-irrigation method for high and steep slope plant measures comprises the following steps:

step S101, erecting a scaffold or installing a safety cable, and cleaning slope sundries and rock slope dangerous stones;

step S102, measuring the positions of a pay-off water intercepting tank and a water storage tank on the slope according to the size designed by an installation layout drawing;

step S103, planting ribs on the slope surface and pouring water intercepting tank concrete or installing a water intercepting tank;

step S104, a drainage ditch is poured, a water cut-off groove water outlet flow passage flowing to the drainage ditch can flow to the drainage ditch, and when the slope surface is not provided with the drainage ditch and is provided with a drainage pipe, the drainage pipe is installed;

step S105, drilling a hole by using an electric hammer to install an anchor rod, and fixedly installing a water storage tank by using the anchor rod after the pulling strength of the anchor rod reaches the national standard requirement;

s106, installing a water intercepting tank, a filter element in the water storage tank, a flow divider under the water intercepting tank and a drip irrigation pipe, and respectively and fixedly installing the drip irrigation pipe to a micro-irrigation position;

step S107, pouring or installing a water flow guide strip, and sealing the upper part of the joint of the water intercepting tank and the water storage tank by C20 concrete;

step S108, lengthening a spray anchor concrete slope drain pipe above the water storage tank, installing a drain pipe elbow, and keeping the water flow direction aligned with the filter element;

and step S109, installing an anti-silt net or an anti-blocking net with guide strips.

The water intercepting tank is of a concrete structure, the strength grade is C20-C30, or the water intercepting tank is made of plastic or glass fiber or stainless steel materials;

the water storage tank is made of plastic materials, glass fibers or stainless steel materials, or is made of directly poured concrete; the plastic material is PE or PP;

the drainage ditch is of a concrete structure, and the drainage pipe is of a plastic structure.

The water intercepting tank is provided with a single-side or double-side water outlet flow channel for accumulating rainwater or slope water at the same time; the water outlet section of the water cut-off tank is in a flow channel form, a parabolic weir crest is arranged on a water outlet of the side wall of the water cut-off tank, the inner section of the groove in front of the weir crest is a slope, and the two sides of the inner section are side walls in arc transition.

The length of the water intercepting groove is divided into sections when the horizontal length of the top of a terrain area to be treated meets the groove height condition and exceeds 20m, the length of each section is 0.5 m-20 m, and the sections are sealed by red copper sheets or rubber; when meeting the arc top area, the water intercepting groove steps are arranged and are continuous in the vertical direction.

The row spacing and the row spacing of the water storage tanks are =1.0m multiplied by 1.0 m-3.0 m multiplied by 3.0 m; and the vertical direction is staggered from up to down, namely the water storage tank on the next row can continuously accept the running water on the slope surface in the transverse direction.

The anchor rod is a ribbed twisted steel and is anchored by mortar or an anchoring agent, and the diameter of the anchor rod is phi 14 mm-phi 20 mm.

The filter element is a ceramic filter element, or a stainless steel wire filter screen, or a PP cotton fine treatment filter element, or a polypropylene reverse osmosis filter element, the upper end of the filter element is sealed by a plastic cover, and the lower end of the filter element is connected with a flow divider;

the shunt is a shunt device with drip irrigation pipes uniformly distributed on a rubber seat below the filter element or uniformly distributed along a circle, and the rubber seat is fixed at the lower end of the filter element in an interference fit manner.

The drip irrigation pipe is a TPE hose.

At least one set of filter element, a flow divider and a drip irrigation pipe under the water cut-off tank and the water storage tank are arranged in the water cut-off tank and the water storage tank,

the water cut-off tank and the water storage tank are provided with water outlets at one side or two sides.

The flushing guide groove is formed by pouring concrete or installing plastic strips;

the anti-blocking net and the anti-silting net are made of stainless steel wires or steel wires, the aperture is phi 4.75 mm-phi 20mm, and the installation angle is 45 degrees relative to the horizontal inclination angle⁰~70⁰The guide strip is pressed or welded on the steel wire mesh by plastic, stainless steel or steel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, discloses a water interception and storage micro-irrigation method for a high and steep slope plant measure, and achieves the following effects:

1. the water intercepting groove is arranged at the top of the slope, so that the problem that the water intercepting groove is not easy to be arranged on the high and steep slope is solved, the scouring of the high and steep slope runoff on the plant soil is avoided, and meanwhile, the moisture of the slope runoff is also utilized.

2. The water storage tank and the self-flowing micro-irrigation system are adopted to solve the problem that moisture on steep slopes such as concrete, sprayed concrete, rocks and the like cannot enter soil by means of gravity. Meanwhile, water of the micro-irrigation system enters the plant to the optimum depth (20-30 cm) in a micro-irrigation mode, so that the growth of the plant is facilitated, and meanwhile, the water permeates from the inside to the outside so that the soil is not easy to harden;

3. the staggered row pitch of the water storage tanks is beneficial to utilizing slope running water and rainwater to the maximum extent, the effect of recycling lost nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is achieved, and the fertilizer pollution is reduced.

4. The water intercepting tank and the water storage tank which are designed in a flow channel type have an automatic sewage discharge function, and the filtering device adopting the ceramic filter element can effectively utilize small-particle nutrients while intercepting sundries, thereby creating conditions for long-term survival of plants. And has a self-cleaning function under the impact of rainwater and water flow.

5. The filtration core is blocked by the impurities, the seepage flow of the micro-irrigation is reduced, the micro-irrigation time of water storage is prolonged, the drought resistance is strong, and the expected effect is achieved.

6. The catch basin is the installation form, and simple to operate has brought the facility for the later stage to plant irrigation condition adjustment, and catch basin can be used for the additional fertilizer in later stage simultaneously.

7. No power, no maintenance, good effect and low cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a mounting arrangement;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the cut-off tank;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a reservoir installation;

fig. 4 is an elevational view of the reservoir installation.

Wherein: 1-water intercepting tank, 2-water storage tank, 3-drainage ditch, 4-water flow guide bar, 5-bar planting, 6-silt-proof net, 7-guide bar, 8-pressing plate, 9-spray-seeding soil planting, 10-spray-anchoring concrete slope, 11-filling concrete, 12-micro irrigation pipe, 13-flow divider, 14-support, 15-sealing ring, 16-fixing seat, 17-ceramic filter element, 18-anti-blocking net, 19-filter element cover, 20-parabolic flow channel and 21-sewage discharge chute.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings:

A. and (3) erecting a scaffold or installing a safety cable to clean slope impurities and rock slope dangerous stones.

B. And (3) measuring the positions of the pay-off water intercepting tank and the water storage tank on the slope according to the size designed by the installation layout drawing (the row spacing of the water storage tank is multiplied by the row spacing =1.0m multiplied by 1.0 m-3.0 m).

Under general conditions, the top of an area needing greening and treating on a high and steep slope is not provided with a catch basin on the top of the treating area because of the steep slope and the adoption of the catch basin on the top of the treating area. The water intercepting grooves are horizontally arranged along the top line, the length of each water intercepting groove is according to the horizontal length of the top of a terrain area to be treated under the condition of meeting the groove height, when the horizontal length exceeds 20m, sections are adopted, the length of each section is 0.5 m-20 m, and water of red copper sheets or rubber is used among the sections. When meeting the arc top area, the water intercepting groove steps are arranged and are continuous in the vertical direction. Except for a certain depth of water storage, the top water intercepting tank shunts redundant water to the water intercepting tanks at the two sides below when the water amount greatly exceeds the water storage depth. The water intercepting tank below the top part is divided into the water intercepting tanks below the top part and the water intercepting tanks below the top part are divided until reaching a drainage ditch or a drainage pipe.

C. And planting ribs on the slope surface and pouring or installing water intercepting tank concrete.

The flume is designed to be more durable and reliable in a concrete structure, but can also be made into a field-installed plastic structure, a glass fiber structure or a stainless steel structure if the construction period is considered.

D. Pour the escape canal to keep flowing to the catch basin outlet flow way in escape canal can flow to the escape canal, when domatic not setting up the escape canal and setting up the drain pipe, the installation drain pipe.

The water intercepting tank and the water storage tank have channels with parabolic weir crests at water outlets, and two sides of the weir crest are streamline side walls, so that sundries can be smoothly taken out under the impact of water flow when the water intercepting tank and the water storage tank bear rainwater runoff, the water intercepting tank and the water storage tank have an automatic sewage discharge function, the height from the lower part of the weir crest to the bottom of the tank is the water storage height, the tail end of the weir crest channel points to the position of a next water intercepting tank filter element (only one file is used during installation), and the effect of flushing dirt on the filter element and on the periphery is achieved, namely the self-cleaning function is.

The regions with abundant rainfall are provided with drainage ditches, and the regions with less rainfall are provided with drainage pipes.

E. And drilling a hole by using an electric hammer to install the anchor rod, and fixedly installing the water storage tank by using the anchor rod after the pulling strength of the anchor rod reaches the requirement.

The water storage tank is suitable to be arranged below a slope drainage pipe, so that the filter element can be flushed by utilizing water flowing between slopes, and water flow between slopes can enter the micro-irrigation system when being small, so that the water can enter the soil planting part more uniformly, and the water is prevented from running off from the outside of the slope.

The water storage tank is designed into an installation type PE and PP structure or a glass fiber structure and a stainless steel structure, and the purpose is to adjust the position when the irrigation area is not ideal. Can also be designed into a concrete structure from the aspects of reliability and durability.

F. And installing a filter element in the water intercepting tank and the water storage tank, a flow divider under the tank and a drip irrigation pipe, and respectively and fixedly installing the drip irrigation pipe to the micro-irrigation position.

The filter core adopts ceramic filter core, and is durable and easy to wash. The filter element can block sundries above powder particles, and clay particles with a diameter less than 0.005mm can flow out of gaps of the filter element into the planting soil, and the part contains more nutrients and is easy to be absorbed by plants, thereby being beneficial to the long-term survival of the plants. Even if the filter element is blocked by impurities, water can still seep out of the tiny seepage channels, and the effect of prolonging the drip irrigation time is achieved. The part above the water level of the filter element fixing seat has the function of a vent hole, so that the phenomenon that the air pressure in the drip irrigation pipe is large to prevent water from flowing downwards is prevented, and an exhaust pipe is not needed to be specially arranged.

Drip irrigation the pipe and along shunt circumference equipartition, the water through the filter core flows down and flows from the drip irrigation pipe that is closest below along filter core inner wall all around, has played the effect of balanced reposition of redundant personnel automatically.

The drip irrigation pipe adopts a TPE hose for injection.

G. And pouring or installing a water flow guide strip, and sealing the upper part of the joint of the water intercepting groove and the water storage groove by using C20 concrete.

The upside slope of the impounded water tank is poured with concrete to form an inverted splayed water flow guide groove for washing the filter element by rainwater runoff, and a plastic strip can be directly installed.

C20 concrete is used to close the joint of the water storage tank and the slope surface, so that the water storage tank is watertight and prevents scouring.

H. And (3) lengthening the spray anchor concrete slope drain pipe above the water storage tank, installing a drain pipe elbow and keeping the water flow direction aligned with the filter element.

The seepage water in the rock body can be fully utilized when the water flow is small, and the filter element can be washed by utilizing the seepage water when the water flow is large.

I. And installing an anti-silt net (anti-blocking net) with a guide strip.

The anti-blocking net and the anti-silting net adopt a stainless steel wire net or a steel wire screen, and the size of a screen hole (square hole) is 9.5 mm.

Anti-blocking net and anti-blocking net mounting angle 60⁰Reasonable anti-blocking net angle (more than or equal to 60)⁰) The dead leaves and the grass roots can automatically slide off, water flow can be guided to enter the reservoir, and even if the lower portion of the anti-blocking net is shielded, the effect of reducing water evaporation in the groove can be achieved.

The guide strip can intercept the water flow on the silt preventing net and fall down to the filter screen, and the filter element is washed.

Claims

1. A water interception and storage micro-irrigation method for high and steep slope plant measures comprises the following steps:

2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

5. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

6. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

7. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

8. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

the drip irrigation pipe is a TPE hose.

9. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:

10. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: