CN111041337A - High-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and production process thereof - Google Patents
High-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and a production process thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy, and comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 3.00% -3.30%, Si: 1.20% -1.50%, Mn: 0.80% -1.00%, Cr: 24.00% -28.00%, Ni: 2.50% -3.20%, Mo: 0.80% -1.00%, Cu: 1.50% -2.00%, B: 0.50-0.80, Re: 0.01% -0.10%, W: 1.00% -1.20%, Ti: 0.80% -1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe. The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention adjusts the content of C and Cr, increases B, W, Cu, Ti and Re in the traditional high-chromium cast iron, and B, W and Re can increase the hardness and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron, and Cu and Ti can refine grains, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material. The invention provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with high hardness and high wear resistance, which can meet the requirements of various industries on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and a production process thereof.
Background
Since the advent of the world, the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material has been considered to be an ideal wear-resistant material and is widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, mines, building materials, electric power, traffic, machinery and the like. For example, the grinding ring of a large crusher, the impeller of a slurry pump and the excavator bucket are all made of high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant materials, and the hardness of the high-chromium cast iron is improved, so that the wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron can be greatly improved. With the development of economy, all industries are in economic transformation, and the development is from low-end products to high-end products, the existing high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material is difficult to meet the requirements of the high-end products, and the development of a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with high hardness and high wear resistance is urgently needed to meet the requirements of all industries on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, and aims to solve the problem that the existing high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material is difficult to meet the requirements of high-end products on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c: 3.00% -3.30%, Si: 1.20% -1.50%, Mn: 0.80% -1.00%, Cr: 24.00% -28.00%, Ni: 2.50% -3.20%, Mo: 0.80% -1.00%, Cu: 1.50% -2.00%, B: 0.50-0.80, Re: 0.01% -0.10%, W: 1.00% -1.20%, Ti: 0.80% -1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe.
As another embodiment of the application, the paint comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c: 3.17%, Si: 1.26%, Mn: 0.88%, Cr: 26.55%, Ni: 3.08%, Mo: 0.96%, Cu: 1.66%, B: 0.60, Re: 0.02%, W: 1.12%, Ti: 1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.06%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent and the balance of Fe.
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention has the advantages that the content of C and Cr is adjusted, the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron can be increased by adding B, W, Cu, Ti and Re in the traditional high-chromium cast iron, B, W and Re, the grains of the high-chromium cast iron can be refined by Cu and Ti, and the tensile strength of the high-chromium cast iron can be ensured not to be reduced on the premise of improving the hardness and the wear resistance. The invention provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with high hardness and high wear resistance, which can meet the requirements of various industries on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
The invention also provides a production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis when the temperature reaches 1500-;
s2: pouring: pouring the molten metal into a mold to form a casting, wherein the pouring temperature is 1360-1400 ℃;
s3: annealing: after cleaning the casting, heating to 650 plus 680 ℃, cooling to 250 ℃ in the furnace, and then air cooling to room temperature;
s4: quenching: after the rough machining of the casting is finished, the temperature is raised to 980-1020 ℃, the casting is taken out of the furnace, a fan is used for direct blowing, and the casting is cooled to the room temperature.
As another example of the present application, in step S1, when charging into the furnace, gray pig iron, ferromolybdenum, and ferrotungsten are added, then scrap steel, etc. are added, ferrochromium is added after melting into molten metal, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon are added after the temperature of the molten metal is raised to 1500 ℃, and finally ferrotitanium and ferroboron are added.
As another embodiment of the application, before the ferrochrome is added, the ferrochrome is heated to 600-650 ℃ and then added into the furnace.
As another embodiment of the present application, in step S3, the annealing temperature is 650-680 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 24-36 hours.
As another embodiment of the present application, in step S4, the quenching temperature is 980-.
As another example of the present application, in step S2, a co-furnace test block is prepared and annealing and quenching processes are performed along with the product.
The production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the production process is used for producing the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, the content of C and Cr is adjusted, the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron can be increased by adding B, W, Cu, Ti and Re in the traditional high-chromium cast iron, B, W and Re, the grains of Cu and Ti can be refined, and the tensile strength of the high-chromium cast iron can not be reduced on the premise of improving the hardness and the wear resistance. The invention provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with high hardness and high wear resistance, which can meet the requirements of various industries on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a production process of a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Now, the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention is explained. The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c: 3.00% -3.30%, Si: 1.20% -1.50%, Mn: 0.80% -1.00%, Cr: 24.00% -28.00%, Ni: 2.50% -3.20%, Mo: 0.80% -1.00%, Cu: 1.50% -2.00%, B: 0.50-0.80, Re: 0.01% -0.10%, W: 1.00% -1.20%, Ti: 0.80% -1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe.
Compared with the prior art, the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention has the advantages that the content of C and Cr is adjusted, elements B, W, Cu, Ti and Re are added on the basis of the traditional high-chromium cast iron, the hardness and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron can be increased by B, W and Re, crystal grains can be refined by Cu and Ti, and the impact value of the high-chromium cast iron is ensured not to be reduced on the premise of improving the hardness and wear resistance. The invention provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with high hardness and high wear resistance, which can meet the requirements of various industries on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
The specific implementation mode of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c: 3.17%, Si: 1.26%, Mn: 0.88%, Cr: 26.55%, Ni: 3.08%, Mo: 0.96%, Cu: 1.66%, B: 0.60, Re: 0.02%, W: 1.12%, Ti: 1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.06%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent and the balance of Fe. The invention also provides a better component proportion.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention also provides a production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis when the temperature reaches 1500-;
s2: pouring: pouring the molten metal into a mold to form a casting, wherein the pouring temperature is 1360-1400 ℃;
s3: annealing: after cleaning the casting, heating to 650 plus 680 ℃, cooling to 250 ℃ in the furnace, and then air cooling to room temperature;
s4: quenching: after the rough machining of the casting is finished, the temperature is raised to 980-1020 ℃, the casting is taken out of the furnace, a fan is used for direct blowing, and the casting is cooled to the room temperature.
The production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the production process is used for producing the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, the content of C and Cr is adjusted, the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron can be increased by adding B, W, Cu, Ti and Re in the traditional high-chromium cast iron, B, W and Re, the grains of Cu and Ti can be refined, and the tensile strength of the high-chromium cast iron can not be reduced on the premise of improving the hardness and the wear resistance. The invention provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with high hardness and high wear resistance, which can meet the requirements of various industries on the hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant material.
The furnace lining of the intermediate frequency furnace adopts both acidity and alkalinity, and knotting, drying and sintering treatment are carried out before the furnace lining is used; when the medium frequency furnace is used for smelting, the maximum power is used for power transmission at the beginning, after all furnace burden in the furnace sinks into the liquid level of molten metal, the power transmission power is continuously reduced until 1/2 of the maximum power transmission power is reached, and the power is maintained to finish smelting. Therefore, the smelting speed can be slowed down, the uniformity of molten metal components is improved, and the mechanical property of the material is ensured.
Cr is a main element for improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the material, Cr can be dissolved in Ni to play a role in strengthening to form a NiCr phase, the wear resistance of the material is obviously improved along with the continuous increase of Cr, the hardness is increased along with the increase of Cr, when the Cr content reaches a fixed quantity (about 28 percent), the hardness is increased less remarkably along with the increase of Cr content, the hardness is increased in a small range, and the Cr content is selected to be 26.55 percent under the double consideration of product performance and economy.
The B element can precipitate a plurality of borides in the material, but is mainly a CrB hardening phase, and the hard phase precipitated in the material is increased along with the increase of the content of the B element, so that the wear resistance is improved. Because the B element is rarely dissolved in nickel in the nickel-based material, but boride (CrB) can be precipitated on the grain boundary of the nickel, the wear resistance of the material is improved. The B element can also refine the crystal grains of the alloy material and improve the strength and the wear resistance of the alloy material. The proper amount of B element is added into the wear-resistant material, so that more boride (CrB) can be generated in a sound field, the wear resistance of the material is improved, crystal grains can be refined, the internal structure of the product is more uniform, and the mechanical property is better.
Due to the addition of B element in the material, Cr and B form a CrB hard phase, and the hardness of the material is improved to a greater extent when the amount of Cr and B is larger. But the wear resistance of the material is measured by not only depending on the hardness, but also considering the comprehensive consideration that the Cr content in the alloy material for preventing more CrB hard phase from generating must be matched with the C content, otherwise the outstanding characteristic of Cr is not easy to exert the characteristic that the Re element can reduce harmful impurities in the material, and the Re element can be added into the molten metal through molybdenite, namely, the Re element is added together with the molybdenum when the molybdenum is added. Re is an auxiliary element, the addition amount cannot be too much, and when the Re element in the material exceeds 0.3 percent, the material becomes brittle and the impact property is reduced. When the Re content in the material is less than 0.1%, the Re element can increase the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy.
The W element can enhance the wear resistance of the material, and meanwhile, because the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material has poor toughness, the problem of cracking easily occurs during quenching, the addition of the W element can reduce the growth tendency of crystal grains in the material during quenching, improve the quenching temperature and improve the quenching and tempering stability.
The Ti element is added mainly for relieving the problem of intergranular corrosion, and meanwhile, the Ti can refine grains and improve the toughness of the material. Meanwhile, Ti is easy to oxidize to form a titanium alloy protective layer, the corrosion resistance of the material is improved, and the effect is better when the material is applied to the impeller of a slurry pump and the working condition has the corrosion resistance requirement.
The Cu element is much more stable than the Fe element, is not easy to be oxidized, and can strengthen the corrosion resistance of the material after being added with the Cu element as the Ti element.
P and S have the functions of slag removal and exhaust when the content of P and S is less than 1 percent, and can purify grain boundaries, refine grains, strengthen solid solutions, form new strengthening phases, improve the comprehensive performance of the material, and improve the performances of the material in the aspects of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like.
As a specific embodiment of the process for producing a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material according to the present invention, in step S1, when charging into the furnace, gray pig iron, ferromolybdenum, and ferrotungsten are added, then scrap steel, etc. are melted into molten metal, ferrochromium is added, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon are added after the temperature of the molten metal is raised to 1500 ℃, and finally ferrotitanium and ferroboron are added. In the embodiment, the gray pig iron, the ferromolybdenum and the ferrotungsten belong to refractory alloys and are added into the furnace before other alloy materials, so that the gray pig iron, the ferromolybdenum and the ferrotungsten can be fully melted during smelting. The scrap steel adopts a mode of tightening down and loosening up, so that material collapse is facilitated, and the condition of material blocking during smelting is avoided. And finally, ferrochrome is added to avoid the situation that the final chromium component content is influenced by excessive burning loss of the ferrochrome. And (3) after the furnace burden is completely melted, carrying out deoxidation treatment, and finally adding ferromanganese and ferrosilicon after the deoxidation treatment.
As a specific implementation mode of the production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, the ferrochrome is heated to 600-650 ℃ before being added, and then is added into a furnace. The burning loss of the ferrochrome can be reduced, and excessive slag generated in the furnace can be reduced.
As a specific implementation manner of the production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention, in the step S3, the annealing temperature is 650-680 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 24-36 hours. The temperature rise speed is increased to 40 ℃ per hour until the temperature rises to 650-680 ℃. The temperature is slowly increased, the temperature cannot be increased too fast, and cracking of the product in the temperature increasing process is avoided.
As a specific implementation mode of the production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, in the step S4, the quenching temperature is 980 and 1020 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 48-72 hours. In the embodiment, the temperature is increased by 40 ℃ per hour at the temperature increase speed until the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; then, the temperature rise speed is adjusted to 30 ℃ per hour until the temperature rises to 800 ℃; then, the temperature rise rate is adjusted to 20 ℃ per hour until the preset temperature is reached, and the heat preservation is started. In the embodiment, a gradient heating mode is adopted, the heating gradient is slowed down along with the temperature rise, and the cracking of the product in the heating process can be avoided.
As a specific embodiment of the production process of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material provided by the invention, in step S2, a test block in the same furnace is prepared, and annealing and quenching are carried out along with the product in the production process of the product. Three groups of test blocks in the same furnace are manufactured, the same process is carried out with the product synchronously, and finally the hardness and the impact value of the three groups of test blocks are measured (see table I).
| Test block | HRC | ak(J/cm2) |
| First group | 66.2 | 6.56 |
| Second group | 64.6 | 6.85 |
| Third group | 65.3 | 6.29 |
Compared with common high-chromium cast iron, the hardness and the impact value of the cast iron are both greatly improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c: 3.00% -3.30%, Si: 1.20% -1.50%, Mn: 0.80% -1.00%, Cr: 24.00% -28.00%, Ni: 2.50% -3.20%, Mo: 0.80% -1.00%, Cu: 1.50% -2.00%, B: 0.50-0.80, Re: 0.01% -0.10%, W: 1.00% -1.20%, Ti: 0.80% -1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe.
2. The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c: 3.17%, Si: 1.26%, Mn: 0.88%, Cr: 26.55%, Ni: 3.08%, Mo: 0.96%, Cu: 1.66%, B: 0.60, Re: 0.02%, W: 1.12%, Ti: 1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.06%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent and the balance of Fe.
3. A production process of a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material, which comprises the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis when the temperature reaches 1500-;
s2: pouring: pouring the molten metal into a mold to form a casting, wherein the pouring temperature is 1360-1400 ℃;
s3: annealing: after cleaning the casting, heating to 650 plus 680 ℃, cooling to 250 ℃ in the furnace, and then air cooling to room temperature;
s4: quenching: after the rough machining of the casting is finished, the temperature is raised to 980-1020 ℃, the casting is taken out of the furnace, a fan is used for direct blowing, and the casting is cooled to the room temperature.
4. The process for producing a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material according to claim 3, wherein in step S1, when charging into the furnace, gray pig iron, ferromolybdenum and ferrotungsten are added, then scrap steel and the like are melted into molten metal, ferrochromium is added, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are added after the molten metal is heated to 1500 ℃, and finally ferrotitanium and ferroboron are added.
5. The process for producing a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material according to claim 4, wherein the ferrochrome is heated to 600-650 ℃ before being added, and then is added into the furnace.
6. The process for producing a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3, the annealing temperature is 650 ℃ and 680 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 24-36 hours.
7. The process for producing a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S4, the quenching temperature is 980 and 1020 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 48-72 hours.
8. The process for producing a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, a co-furnace test block is prepared and annealed and quenched along with the product.
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| CN104195420A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽昱工耐磨材料科技有限公司 | High-chrome wear-resistant cast iron material and heat treatment method |
| CN107574360A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2018-01-12 | 马鞍山市万兴耐磨金属制造有限公司 | A kind of rich chromium cast iron high-strength alloy wear-resistant ball and its manufacture method |
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| CN114990412A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-09-02 | 云南昆钢耐磨材料科技股份有限公司 | High-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and production process thereof |
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