CN111034867A - Daily ration for improving pork quality and application thereof - Google Patents

Daily ration for improving pork quality and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111034867A
CN111034867A CN201911251823.0A CN201911251823A CN111034867A CN 111034867 A CN111034867 A CN 111034867A CN 201911251823 A CN201911251823 A CN 201911251823A CN 111034867 A CN111034867 A CN 111034867A
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starch
improving
vitamin
ration
quality
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余苗
马现永
李贞明
陈卫东
王刚
容庭
刘志昌
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Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a daily ration for improving pork quality and application thereof. The invention provides a daily ration for improving pork quality, which comprises starch, a protein raw material, soybean oil, crude fiber, amino acid, calcium salt, choline chloride, salt and a premix, wherein the starch comprises pea starch and one or more of corn starch and cassava starch. Compared with the daily ration only containing low amylose starch in the prior art, the daily ration for improving pork quality provided by the invention can obviously improve the growth performance of the fattening pigs and improve the slaughtering performance and meat quality of the fattening pigs by eating the pea starch daily ration containing high amylose starch.

Description

Daily ration for improving pork quality and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a daily ration for improving pork quality and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the requirements of consumers on food are higher and higher, so that pork products are required to be safe without drug residues, and higher requirements on the quality and health standard of meat are provided. The evaluation of pork quality mainly relates to the sensory index and physical and chemical index of meat, including marbling, tenderness, flesh color, drip loss, muscle fiber type, muscle fat content, the content of flavor substances (such as fatty acid, inosinic acid and flavor amino acid) and the like. The factors influencing the pork quality are many and comprise heredity, nutrition, feeding management and the like, wherein daily ration nutrition is one of the most direct factors influencing the pork quality. Therefore, it is one of the hot spots in current nutrition research to adopt daily ration nutrition regulation measures to improve meat quality.
Starch is the most important carbohydrate source in grain feed, is an energy substance essential for animal growth, and in nature, starch mainly exists in two forms: amylopectin, which is a rapidly digestible starch that is easily hydrolyzed to glucose in the intestinal tract to be absorbed, and amylose, which is a slowly digestible starch that is slowly degraded by enzymes in the small intestine of an animal body. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin contained in different starch types of the daily ration is different, so that the digestion and absorption rates of the daily ration in the animal body are different, the release rate of glucose and the response reaction of insulin after eating are adjusted, the energy storage and metabolism of animal muscles are further influenced, and the meat quality is finally influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a daily ration for improving pork quality and an application thereof, wherein the feeding of pea starch containing high amylose can significantly increase the growth performance of fattening pigs and improve the slaughtering performance and meat quality of the fattening pigs compared with the daily ration containing low amylose tapioca starch.
The technical content of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a daily ration for improving pork quality, which comprises starch, protein raw materials, soybean oil, crude fiber, amino acid, calcium salt, choline chloride, salt and premix, wherein the starch comprises pea starch;
the starch also comprises one or more than one of corn starch and cassava starch;
the potato starch can also comprise potato starch, wherein the potato starch comprises raw potato starch which is high amylose starch and has the effect of improving pork quality and growth performance;
the protein raw materials comprise soybean meal and corn protein powder;
the crude fiber comprises wheat bran;
the amino acids include L-lysine hydrochloride, DL-methionine and L-threonine;
the calcium salt comprises calcium hydrophosphate and mountain flour, wherein the calcium hydrophosphate is also used for supplementing phosphorus;
the components of the premix comprise vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, choline chloride, Fe, Cu, I, Se, Zn, Mg, Mn and Co elements.
The invention also provides application of the daily ration in improving pork quality, increases intramuscular fatty acid, inosinic acid and marbling scores, reduces indexes such as drip loss and shearing force, and mainly embodies in improving the composition of flavor amino acid and functional fatty acid in the longissimus dorsi of pigs.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the daily ration only containing low amylose starch in the prior art, the daily ration for improving the pork quality can obviously improve the growth performance of the fattening pigs and improve the slaughtering performance and meat quality of the fattening pigs when the pea starch containing high amylose is eaten; feeding pea starch ration containing high amylose can increase eye muscle area of longest back muscle of the fattening pig, pH value of muscle 45min after slaughtering and marbling score, and reduce back fat thickness, drip loss and shearing force of the fattening pig;
the daily ration can be used for increasing the concentration of flavor substances in the longissimus dorsi of pigs, such as muscle fat, inosinic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and total umami amino acid, and also can increase the concentration of functional fatty acid in the longissimus dorsi, so that the quality of pork can be obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail in the following detailed description with reference to specific embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the present invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
All the raw materials and reagents of the invention are conventional market raw materials and reagents unless otherwise specified.
Examples
The daily ration for improving pork quality is prepared according to the ingredient table in table 1, pea starch, tapioca starch and corn starch are used as unique starch sources to prepare three kinds of daily rations, wherein the amylose and the amylopectin of the pea starch, the tapioca starch and the corn starch are respectively 0.44, 0.11 and 0.25.
TABLE 1 ingredient table of daily ration
Figure BDA0002309260870000041
72 healthy 72 Du x Chang x big three-way crossbred castrated boars with similar initial body weights (77 +/-0.52 kg) are selected and randomly divided into three groups according to body weights, each group comprises 8 rows, and each row comprises 3 pigs.
Three groups of pigs are respectively fed with three daily rations shown in the table 1, after the pigs are continuously fed for 42 days, 1 pig with the weight close to the average weight (8 pigs in each treatment group, 24 pigs in total) is extracted from each fence, the pre-slaughter live weight of each pig is weighed, then jugular vein bloodletting is killed after anesthesia and then split, the left side carcass is taken for measuring the carcass performance index, and the left side longissimus dorsi is taken for measuring the meat quality related index.
The detection mode and the detection result are as follows:
1) the effect of different straight/branched ratio starch rations on the growth performance and slaughter performance of fattening pigs is shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 growth and slaughter Performance of finishing pigs fed with starch rations of different straight/branched chain ratios
Figure BDA0002309260870000051
Carcass weight: slaughtering and bloodletting, unhairing, removing the head, hoofs, tails and internal organs, and then weighing;
slaughter rate: the percentage of carcass weight to live weight before slaughter;
average backfat thickness: and measuring the backfat thickness of 3 points at the first rib, the waist sacrum joint and the last rib of the left carcass shoulder by using a vernier caliper, and taking the average value to obtain the average backfat thickness.
As can be seen from the table, the ingestion of pea starch ration containing high amylose/amylopectin significantly increased the end weight, average daily gain and eye muscle area of the finishing pigs, while decreasing the feed-to-weight ratio, compared to the tapioca and corn starch groups containing low amylose/amylopectin. The pea starch ration containing high amylose shows that the growth performance and the slaughtering performance of the fattening pigs are obviously improved.
2) The effect of different straight/branched ratio starch rations on the meat quality of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 meat quality of fattening pigs fed with starch ration of different straight/branched chain ratios
Figure BDA0002309260870000061
And (3) pH value measurement: measuring the pH value of the longissimus muscle of the back after slaughtering at 45min and cold storage at 4 deg.C for 24h and 48h with HI19125 portable pH meter, and measuring 3 times for each sample to obtain the average value;
and (3) meat color determination: measuring the flesh color of the longissimus dorsi at 45min and 4 deg.C after slaughtering and refrigerating for 24h and 48h with CR410 colorimeter, displaying the result with CIE chromaticity system in terms of brightness value, redness value and yellowness value, measuring each longissimus dorsi for 3 times, and taking the average value;
determination of drip loss: within 45min after slaughtering, taking a longissimus dorsi meat sample, removing subcutaneous fat and connective tissue on the surface of the meat sample, trimming the meat sample into strips along the fiber direction (2cm multiplied by 3cm multiplied by 5cm), weighing, measuring 3 repetitions of each longissimus dorsi at each time point in a 4 ℃ temperature environment, taking the average value, and calculating the drip loss according to the following formula:
drip loss ═ [ (initial weight-final weight)/initial weight ] × 100%;
and (3) shear force measurement: after slaughtering for 24h, the longissimus dorsi meat sample is placed in a cooking bag, heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ to the central temperature of the meat sample of 70 ℃ (the central temperature change is recorded by a thermometer), then the meat strip is cooled to room temperature by flowing water with the cooking bag, then the meat sample is cut into 6 meat strips with the diameter of 1cm multiplied by 3cm according to the trend of muscle fiber, the shearing force is measured by a muscle tenderness instrument along the vertical direction of the muscle fiber, and the average value is taken after about 30 times of measurement of each sample.
As can be seen, ingestion of pea starch ration containing high amylose/amylopectin significantly increased the pH and marbling score in the longissimus dorsi for 45min, reducing drip loss and shear compared to the tapioca and corn starch groups containing low amylose/amylopectin. The pea starch ration containing high amylose is shown to significantly increase the meat quality of the fattening pigs.
3) The effect of different straight/branched ratio starch diets on the composition of the main chemicals in the longissimus dorsi of the finishing pigs is shown in the following table:
TABLE 4 composition of main chemical substances in longest muscle of back of fattening pig fed with starch ration of different straight/branched chain ratio
Figure BDA0002309260870000071
The content of inosinic acid and fatty acid in the longissimus dorsi is measured by a high performance liquid chromatograph.
As can be seen from the table, the ingestion of pea starch ration containing high amylose/amylopectin significantly increased the concentration of intramuscular fat and inosinic acid in the longissimus dorsi compared to the tapioca and corn starch groups containing low amylose/amylopectin. The pea starch ration containing high amylose is shown to increase the muscle tenderness, juiciness and flavor of the fattening pigs.
4) The effect of different straight/branched ratio starch diets on the amino acid composition in the longest muscle of the back of the finishing pigs is shown in the following table:
TABLE 5 amino acid composition in the longest muscle of the back of a growing and fattening pig fed with starch ration of different straight/branched chain ratios
Figure BDA0002309260870000081
Flavor amino acids-aspartic acid + glycine + alanine + glutamic acid + phenylalanine + tyrosine;
the concentration of free amino acid in the longissimus dorsi was determined using a fully automatic amino acid analyzer.
As can be seen from the table, ingestion of pea starch ration containing high amylose/amylopectin significantly increased the concentration of aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and total flavor amino acids in the longissimus dorsi compared to the tapioca and corn starch groups containing low amylose/amylopectin. The high-amylose pea starch daily ration is proved to increase the meat flavor of the fattening pigs.
5) The effect of different straight/branched ratio starch diets on the fatty acid composition in the longest muscle of the back of the finishing pigs is shown in the following table:
TABLE 6 fatty acid composition in longest muscle of back of finishing pigs fed with starch ration of different straight/branched ratio
Figure BDA0002309260870000091
As can be seen from the table, ingestion of pea starch ration containing high amylose/amylopectin significantly increased the concentrations of C12:0, C γ 18:3n-6, C γ 20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, EPA, C22:1, DHA and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi, while decreasing the concentration of C20:2 and the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the tapioca and corn starch groups containing low amylose/amylopectin. The pea starch ration containing high amylose/amylopectin is proved to have the function of improving the concentration of functional fatty acid in pork when being eaten, so that the nutritional value of the pork is improved.
In conclusion, the pea starch ration containing high straight/branched starch in the embodiment can significantly improve the pork quality compared with the pea starch containing low straight/branched starch; the pork quality can be improved and the edible flavor can be improved by improving indexes such as muscle pH value, marbling, muscle fat, inosinic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, total umami amino acid and various fatty acids of the longissimus dorsi.
From the above, the pea starch-containing daily ration provided by the invention has the advantages that the growth performance of the fattening pigs is obviously improved, and the slaughtering performance and the meat quality of the longissimus dorsi are improved.

Claims (9)

1. The daily ration for improving the pork quality is characterized by comprising starch, protein raw materials, soybean oil, crude fiber, amino acid, calcium salt, choline chloride, salt and premix, wherein the starch comprises pea starch.
2. The ration for improving pork quality according to claim 1, wherein the starch further comprises one or more of corn starch and tapioca starch.
3. The daily ration for improving pork quality according to claim 1, wherein the protein material comprises soybean meal and corn protein powder.
4. The ration for improving meat quality of pork according to claim 1, wherein the crude fiber comprises wheat bran.
5. The diet for improving meat quality of pork according to claim 1, wherein the amino acids include L-lysine hydrochloride, DL-methionine and L-threonine.
6. The ration for improving pork quality according to claim 1, wherein the calcium salt comprises calcium hydrogen phosphate and stone powder.
7. The diet for improving pork quality of claim 1, wherein the ingredients of the premix include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, choline chloride, Fe, Cu, I, Se, Zn, Mg, Mn and Co.
8. Use of the ration of any one of claims 1-7 for improving the meat quality of pork.
9. The use of the ration of claim 8 for improving pork quality, wherein the composition of flavor amino acids and functional fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi of pigs is increased.
CN201911251823.0A 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Daily ration for improving pork quality and application thereof Pending CN111034867A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111838432A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-10-30 固原市农业科技示范园开发有限公司 Beef cattle fattening feed with low amylose/amylopectin ratio
CN114747684A (en) * 2022-05-10 2022-07-15 谷实生物集团股份有限公司 Starch source combined feed and application thereof in improving growth performance of fattening pigs

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J. VAN DER MEULEN等: "Effect of source of starch on net portal volatile fatty acids and amino acids in the pig", 《BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION》 *
李艳娇: "日粮淀粉水平与类型对育肥猪生长和肉品质的影响及其作用机制研究", 《中国优秀博士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）》 *
袁博: "不同来源淀粉对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性能及其肉品质的影响", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）》 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111838432A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-10-30 固原市农业科技示范园开发有限公司 Beef cattle fattening feed with low amylose/amylopectin ratio
CN111838432B (en) * 2020-07-27 2023-06-20 固原市农业科技示范园开发有限公司 Beef cattle fattening feed with low amylose/amylopectin ratio
CN114747684A (en) * 2022-05-10 2022-07-15 谷实生物集团股份有限公司 Starch source combined feed and application thereof in improving growth performance of fattening pigs

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