CN111031383B - Streaming media transmission method and device and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Streaming media transmission method and device and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111031383B CN111031383B CN201911242956.1A CN201911242956A CN111031383B CN 111031383 B CN111031383 B CN 111031383B CN 201911242956 A CN201911242956 A CN 201911242956A CN 111031383 B CN111031383 B CN 111031383B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
- H04N21/4334—Recording operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/643—Communication protocols
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Abstract
The disclosed embodiment relates to a streaming media transmission method and device, and an electronic device, and relates to the technical field of streaming media downloading, wherein the method comprises the following steps: responding to the trigger operation, and determining to-be-processed streaming media; downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a first downloading mode based on a point-to-point protocol, wherein the first downloading mode comprises sequential downloading from a preset proportion of the beginning of a streaming media file corresponding to the streaming media to be processed; and continuously downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a second downloading mode and based on the point-to-point protocol, wherein the second downloading mode is different from the first downloading mode. The technical scheme disclosed by the invention can reduce the occupied bandwidth, smoothly realize the downloading and playing of the streaming media at the same time and improve the playing quality.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of streaming media downloading technologies, and in particular, to a streaming media transmission method, a streaming media transmission apparatus, and an electronic device.
Background
In the related art, in a streaming media downloading manner based on P2P (peer to peer), the streaming media playing technique includes an HTTP progressive downloading streaming media playing manner. The technology downloads the media files, and only the media files in a specific format support progressive downloading and playing. The Streaming media playing technology may further include a Streaming media Protocol playing mode of RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol)/RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol). This approach requires specific server involvement.
In the above manner, the application range of the HTTP progressive downloading streaming media playing manner is limited, and the HTTP progressive downloading streaming media playing manner occupies a large bandwidth, and the playing process is delayed and jammed, resulting in poor playing quality. The RTSP/RTP streaming media protocol playing mode is complex to install and maintain, needs a specific server to support, and is difficult to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides a streaming media transmission method and device and electronic equipment.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a streaming media transmission method, including: responding to the trigger operation, and determining to-be-processed streaming media; downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a first downloading mode based on a point-to-point protocol, wherein the first downloading mode comprises sequential downloading from a preset proportion of the beginning of a streaming media file corresponding to the streaming media to be processed; and continuously downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a second downloading mode and based on the point-to-point protocol, wherein the second downloading mode is different from the first downloading mode.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a streaming media transmission apparatus including: the streaming media determining module is used for responding to the triggering operation and determining to-be-processed streaming media; the first downloading module is used for downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a first downloading mode and based on a point-to-point protocol, wherein the first downloading mode comprises sequential downloading from a preset proportion of the beginning of a streaming media file corresponding to the streaming media to be processed; and the second downloading module is used for continuously downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a second downloading mode and based on the point-to-point protocol, wherein the second downloading mode is different from the first downloading mode.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device including: a processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to execute any one of the above streaming media transmission methods via execution of the executable instructions.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the streaming media transmission method of any one of the above.
The streaming media transmission method, the streaming media transmission device, the electronic device and the computer readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can smoothly implement playing while downloading the to-be-processed streaming media, avoid the problem of too long buffering time, and improve the streaming media playing quality and streaming media playing experience.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary of the disclosure, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a system architecture diagram for implementing a streaming media transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a streaming media transmission method in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of division into streaming media file pieces in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a file transfer protocol in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram for determining a streaming media file piece according to a rare selection algorithm in an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a process diagram for downloading a streaming media file piece in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of downloading a streaming media file piece according to an equalization selection algorithm in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 schematically shows a distribution diagram of a streaming media file piece included in each client in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 9 schematically shows a block diagram of a streaming media transmission apparatus in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 10 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and the like. Further, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure, in which the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, and thus, a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture to which the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.
As shown in fig. 1, system architecture 100 may include client 101, index server 102, Web server 103, node 104, and node 105. The client 101 may be, for example, a terminal device having a display screen, such as a portable computer, a desktop computer, a smart phone, and a smart television, and a streaming media player is installed on the client, so as to play or download the streaming media. The client is used for analyzing the received seed information to connect with the index server, searching files, uploading and downloading situations and the like. The index server 102 is configured to generate seed information according to the request sent by the client 101 and send the seed information to the client 101. The Web server 103 is used to issue seed information to the client. The nodes 104 and 105 may be connected to the Web server 103 and the client 101, and are configured to provide a resource corresponding to the seed information generated by the Web server 103, and specifically may be at least one of other clients or servers downloading the resource. Therein, it should be understood that the number of clients and nodes in fig. 1 is merely illustrative. There may be any number of clients and nodes, as desired for implementation.
It should be noted that the streaming media transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be executed by the client 101, or may be executed by part of the client, or executed by part of the server, where an execution subject of the streaming media transmission method is not particularly limited. Accordingly, the streaming media transmission device may be provided in the client 101.
Based on the system architecture, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a streaming media transmission method. Fig. 2 schematically shows a flow chart of the streaming media transmission method, which can be applied in an application scenario where streaming media is downloaded and processed through any streaming media player. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the streaming media transmission method is described as an example executed by a client that installs a streaming media player. Referring to fig. 2, the streaming media transmission method at least includes steps S210 to S230, which are described in detail as follows:
in step S210, in response to a trigger operation, the to-be-processed streaming media is determined.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the client is installed with a streaming media player, and the streaming media player may be various suitable application programs for downloading streaming media and playing the streaming media. The streaming media player may be a peer to peer (P2P) streaming media player. The P2P streaming media player may be, for example, a thunderbolt or other player, and may be specifically implemented based on an android platform or other platforms. Thus, the client may be a BT (bitstream) client. Specifically, a P2P streaming media player of the android platform can be realized through a VLC + libtornt library. VLC is an open-source cross-platform multimedia player and framework that can play most multimedia files, as well as various streaming media protocols. The Libtorrent is an open-source BitTorrent library, and encapsulates the operations of meta file generation, hash generation, file downloading, network connection and the like into an interface for other equipment to call. And calling an interface of LibTorrent by utilizing the JNI technology of Android to realize functions of meta file generation, hash generation, file downloading, network connection and the like. The downloaded streaming media stream can be played through the VLC interface.
After the streaming media player is started in response to the identification of the application program by the user or through text input, voice input and the like, a plurality of streaming media can be displayed on the operation interface of the streaming media player. The trigger operation refers to an operation for controlling downloading or playing of streaming media. The trigger operation may be a touch operation applied to an area of the client where the streaming media is located, a click operation through an external device (e.g., a mouse), a voice operation, or the like. The terminal can respond to the triggering operation of the user to select one of the streaming media and take the streaming media as the to-be-processed streaming media. The stream media to be processed here may be video or audio, etc. The type of the to-be-processed streaming media may be live streaming media or on-demand streaming media, and the format of the to-be-processed streaming media may be any format, which is not limited herein.
In step S220, the streaming media to be processed is downloaded according to a first downloading manner and based on a peer-to-peer protocol, where the first downloading manner includes sequential downloading from a preset ratio of a start of a streaming media file corresponding to the streaming media to be processed.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the streaming media to be processed may correspond to the streaming media file. Therefore, when the streaming media is processed based on the BitTorrent protocol in the point-to-point protocol, the streaming media file corresponding to the streaming media to be processed can be divided into a plurality of streaming media file fragments based on the file fragmentation mechanism of the BitTorrent protocol. Referring to fig. 3, a streaming media file may be divided into a plurality of streaming media file pieces, and each streaming media file piece may be uniquely represented by a check code. The BitTorrent protocol is a network file transfer protocol, which can implement a peer-to-peer file sharing technology. Therefore, downloading the to-be-processed streaming media is realized by downloading the streaming media file piece. Referring to the network architecture of the BitTorrent protocol shown in fig. 4, the system composition thereof includes: a torrent file, a seed providing site 401, an index server 402, a plurality of content publishers, i.e. nodes 403, downloaders, i.e. nodes 404, and a seed 405. The index server is a server for collecting information of the downloader, and provides the information to other downloaders, so that the downloaders are connected with each other to transmit data. The file published by the content publisher itself is the primordial seed, also referred to as the torrent file.
Based on this, the step of downloading the piece of streaming media file for the first time may include: step 1, downloading the torrent file, namely the seed information, from the seed providing site. And 2, analyzing the torrent file by a content downloader (namely a node) to obtain an index server address. And step 3, the content downloader peer connects the index server to obtain the seeds and the information of all the downloaders. And 4, downloading or uploading the resource by the content downloader from the seed (the downloader who completely downloads a certain file) and other downloaders in a resource downloading or resource exchange mode. A resource is here understood to be a piece of streaming media file. The format of the torrent file may be the following form:
D8:announce75:http://tracker.byr.cn/announce.phppasskey＝e38432a4975a295669339ac68afcf57910:created by 13:uTorrent/creation date i1258917365e8:encoding5:UTF-84:infod5:filesld6:lengthi733949952e4:path139:Saw.V1.R5.LiNE.REPACK.XviD-XFSTiNKT.avieed6:lengthi45le4:path139:Saw.V1.R5.LiNE.REPACK.XviD-XFSTiNKT.nfoeee4:name35:Saw.V1.R5.LiNE.REPACK.XviD-XFSTiNKT12:piecelengthi1048576e6:pieces14000:0
(1) the annonce is a URL of the index server, and specifically includes:
http://tracker.byr.cn/announce.phppasskey＝e38432a4975a295669339ac68afcf57910；
(2) announce-list (optional): a list of URLs of the standby index servers, which is not present in this example;
(3) created by (optional): a tool for producing a torrent file, the production tool used in this example is uTorrent/1850;
(4) creation date (optional): the creation date of the torrent file, using standard UNIX time, in this case 1258917365;
(5) encoding (optional): the encoding mode used by the issued resource, in this example, UTF-8 is used;
(6) comment (optional): a description of any format added by the torrent file producer, in this example no comment;
(7) info: information of the published file. There are two formats, single file format and multi-file format, containing SHA-1 parity codes for all file slices.
In the BitTorrent protocol, each piece of streaming media file corresponds to a check code, which may be, for example, a SHA-1 check code, for verifying the integrity of the piece of streaming media file. The length of the streaming media file piece, the SHA-1 check code and other information can be stored in the torrent file. The index server stores the node information of all the downloaders peers currently downloading/uploading the same file, and the downloading speed is faster as the number of the downloaded persons, i.e. the downloaders, is larger.
Based on this, the streaming media to be processed is divided into a plurality of streaming media file pieces in the BitTorrent protocol, so the streaming media downloading mode can be an algorithm for determining the streaming media file pieces to be downloaded, the target sequence number of the streaming media file piece to be downloaded which meets the actual requirement can be accurately determined according to the actual requirement through the streaming media downloading mode, the accuracy and pertinence of determining the target sequence number are improved, the target sequence number of the file piece which is more matched with the actual requirement can be determined, and the streaming media to be processed is downloaded according to the proper target sequence number and sequence.
After the streaming media to be processed is determined, the equalization selection algorithm can be directly used as a streaming media downloading mode according to a first downloading mode and before the streaming media to be processed is downloaded based on a point-to-point protocol, that is, the equalization selection algorithm is set by default, so that the streaming media file piece can be downloaded and played at the same time. Besides, a streaming media downloading mode can be selected. Specifically, the selection may be performed according to whether the trigger operation includes a play priority instruction, and the streaming media downloading manner may include two manners: in the first mode, if the information of the trigger operation does not include the playing priority instruction, the streaming media to be processed is downloaded according to the sparseness degree of the streaming media file pieces in the whole point-to-point network. That is, if there is no play priority command or download priority command, downloading the stream media to be processed according to the sparseness of the stream media file in the whole peer-to-peer network. That is, downloading is performed according to a rare selection algorithm, and the specific steps may be: and neglecting the downloaded streaming media file pieces, randomly selecting a serial number of one streaming media file piece from the minimum streaming media file piece set as a target serial number, and downloading the streaming media file pieces according to the sparsity degree of the streaming media file pieces. The downloaded streaming media file piece may be determined first, and specifically, whether the downloaded streaming media file piece is the downloaded streaming media file piece may be determined according to information such as a length of the streaming media file piece and a check code of the streaming media file piece. Comparing the verification code of the streaming media file piece with the tortent file when a downloader (client) obtains one streaming media file piece, if the comparison result is the same, the downloading of the streaming media file piece is correct, and if the comparison result is different, the downloading of the streaming media file piece needs to be carried out again. Further, if it is determined that the streaming media file pieces are downloaded, the downloaded streaming media file pieces may be ignored, and one sequence number is randomly selected from the minimum set of streaming media file pieces as a target sequence number for downloading, until all streaming media file pieces are downloaded according to the minimum set of streaming media file pieces.
And determining the combination of the first downloading mode and the second downloading mode as a streaming media downloading mode if the information of the triggering operation comprises a playing priority instruction, and executing the operation of downloading the streaming media to be processed according to the first downloading mode and based on the point-to-point protocol and the subsequent operation of downloading according to the second downloading mode. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, an equalization selection algorithm is taken as an example for description. When downloading is performed according to a combination of the first downloading method and the second downloading method, the second downloading method may be performed after the first downloading method is executed.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the streaming media file may be sequentially downloaded according to a first downloading manner from a preset ratio of the beginning of the streaming media file. The beginning of the streaming media file refers to a starting position of the streaming media file, and may be specifically represented by a streaming media file slice of the starting position of the entire streaming media file. Each piece of the streaming media file included in the streaming media file may be represented by a sequence number. For example, the streaming media file sequentially includes streaming media file pieces with sequence numbers 1 to 100, and the beginning of the streaming media file may be the streaming media file piece corresponding to the sequence number 1. The preset proportion may be a proportion of the streaming media file pieces downloaded in the first downloading manner to all streaming media file pieces of the streaming media to be processed. The predetermined ratio may be, for example, 10% or 20%, etc., and is not limited herein. The preset proportion can be determined according to the size of the streaming media file, and the preset proportion is inversely related (i.e. inversely proportional) to the size of the streaming media file, i.e. the larger the streaming media file is, the smaller the preset proportion is, so as to reduce the buffering time and increase the buffering speed of the streaming media file. When downloading the streaming media file pieces with the preset proportion from the starting sequence of the streaming media file according to the first downloading mode, the first downloading mode may be a continuous sequence downloading mode, and specifically may be: and downloading the streaming media file pieces with the preset proportion according to the sequence of the streaming media file pieces. That is, the streaming media file pieces with the preset proportion calculated from the starting position of the streaming media file are sequentially downloaded according to the sequence of the serial numbers of the streaming media file pieces. For example, starting from the start position, the first downloading mode is executed in the order of the sequence numbers of the streaming media files from small to large.
It should be noted that, when downloading a streaming media file piece, a target serial number of the streaming media file piece to be downloaded may be determined first, so as to perform downloading accurately according to the target serial number. After the target sequence number is determined, the information of the resource providing terminal can be obtained according to the seed information, and a resource request is sent to the resource providing terminal so that the resource providing terminal provides the streaming media resource corresponding to the target sequence number. In the process of first downloading and initializing, after the target serial number is determined, the client may send the target serial number to the server, so that the server generates seed information of the to-be-downloaded file piece determined by the client according to the target serial number, where the seed information may be a torent file. The seed information may include server information, which may be a server address, a server setting, and the like, and file information, and the like. The client can analyze the seed information of the target serial number sent by the server to obtain the address of the index server, so that the client can be connected with the index server through the address of the index server, and further obtain the information of the resource provider as an analysis result through the index server. The information of the resource provider may include the address and port of the resource provider, and the like, and may further include a piece of streaming media file owned by the resource provider, and the like. After obtaining the port and the address of the resource provider, the client can connect with the resource provider through the address and the port, so as to facilitate the communication connection with the resource provider.
After establishing a communication connection with the resource provider, the client may send a resource request, such as a GET request, to the resource provider and place its own information in the parameters of the GET; this request may be used to indicate: i am xxx (a unique id), i wants to download the yyy file, i am IP aaa and i am port bbb. After receiving the resource request, the resource provider may send, in response to the request, the streaming media resource corresponding to the resource request to the client, so as to serve as the streaming media resource of the to-be-downloaded file piece, that is, the streaming media resource of the target sequence number. Further, the resource provider may send the streaming media resource with the target sequence number to the client, so as to facilitate downloading by the client.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, downloading the streaming media to be processed in the first downloading manner may be understood as: and determining a target sequence number from the sequence numbers in the first sequence number range for representing the preset proportion according to the first sequence and downloading the streaming media file piece of the target sequence number. The first sequence number range refers to a range calculated from the beginning of the streaming media file and arranged in the first N bits, wherein the first N bits may be used to represent the first 10% or the first 15%, for example. For example, if there are 100 pieces of streaming media files of the streaming media to be processed, the streaming media file pieces with sequence numbers of 1-10 are preferentially downloaded. When the first 10% of the streaming media file pieces are downloaded, the streaming media file pieces with sequence numbers 1-10 may be downloaded in a first order, and the first order may be, for example, the order of sequence numbers from small to large. For convenience of description, the streaming media file pieces with the sequence numbers of the first 10% may be referred to as first type file pieces, and then the first type file pieces are downloaded as the streaming media file pieces in the first downloading manner.
Next, as shown in fig. 2, in step S230, the to-be-processed streaming media is downloaded continuously according to a second downloading manner and based on the peer-to-peer protocol, where the second downloading manner is different from the first downloading manner.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the downloading is completed according to the first downloading manner, the target serial number of the to-be-downloaded file piece may be determined again according to the second downloading manner. The second downloading mode may include one downloading mode or multiple downloading modes, and specifically may be one or more of a sparsely selected downloading mode and a discrete sequence downloading mode. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second downloading method includes a plurality of downloading methods as an example. When the second downloading mode is a plurality of downloading modes, the corresponding sequence of each downloading mode is different, and each sequence corresponds to a sequence number range, so that the target sequence number can be selected in the sequence number range corresponding to each downloading mode based on the plurality of downloading modes. The target sequence number is determined from different sequence number ranges through different downloading modes, and the target sequence number can be determined more reasonably and accurately to perform downloading so as to reduce the bandwidth occupation. It should be noted that, in order to improve the downloading efficiency and accuracy, so as to accurately and comprehensively download the streaming media to be processed through a proper sequence, and reduce the bandwidth occupation, the second downloading manner may be different from the first downloading manner. For example, the first download mode is a continuous sequential download mode, and the second download mode includes either a rare selection download mode or a random download mode.
Specifically, the second downloading method may include: downloading is carried out according to the sparseness of the streaming media file pieces in the whole peer-to-peer network. The degree of rareness here is used to indicate the distribution of each piece of streaming media file, and may be specifically determined by the number of distributions of each piece of streaming media file on all nodes (clients) in the whole peer-to-peer network. Based on this, downloading according to the rarity of the streaming media file pieces in the whole peer-to-peer network may include: and randomly selecting one streaming media file piece from the minimum streaming media file piece set in the whole peer-to-peer network according to a rare selection algorithm to download, wherein the minimum streaming media file piece set is used for representing the set of the streaming media file pieces with the minimum distribution quantity.
The process of determining the target sequence number of the file piece to be downloaded according to the minimum streaming media file piece set and downloading the streaming media file piece is schematically shown in fig. 5. Referring to fig. 5, the streaming media file piece with sequence number 0 is the file piece of the client itself, the streaming media file piece with sequence number 1 exists in node 1 and node 3, the streaming media file piece with sequence number 2 exists in node 2, the streaming media file piece with sequence number 3 exists in node 2, the streaming media file piece with sequence number 4 exists in node 1, node 2 and node 3, and the streaming media file piece with sequence number 5 is the file piece of the client itself. Based on this, the streaming media file pieces with sequence numbers 2 and 3 exist in one node, the streaming media file pieces with sequence number 1 exist in two nodes, and the streaming media file pieces with sequence number 4 exist in three nodes. Therefore, the target sequence numbers are determined by the rare selection algorithm to be sequence numbers 2 or 3, sequence number 1, and sequence number 4 in this order. A specific process of downloading the streaming media file piece with the target serial number may be as shown in fig. 6.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, downloading according to the rarity degree may be understood as: and selecting the sequence number of one streaming media file piece from the sequence numbers in the second sequence number range as a target sequence number according to the second sequence, and downloading the streaming media file piece with the target sequence number. Specifically, the second order may be a random order, and thus one sequence number may be randomly selected as the target sequence number within the second sequence number range. The second sequence number range refers to a proportion of randomly downloaded streaming media file pieces to all streaming media file pieces, and may be 5% for example. Of course, it can also be understood that the randomly downloaded streaming media file slice accounts for the proportion of the remaining streaming media file slices except the first type file slice. Based on this, a sequence number can be randomly selected from the minimum streaming media file piece set as a target sequence number according to a rare selection algorithm. For example, since the remaining streaming media file pieces except 10% may be distributed in different clients, a distribution set of the streaming media file pieces of each sequence number may be obtained, for example, the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 11 is distributed in a first number of clients, the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 12 is distributed in a second number of clients, and the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 15 is distributed in the first number of clients. If the first number is smaller than the second number, the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 11 and the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 15 may be considered to belong to the minimum streaming media file piece set. Further, after determining the minimum set of streaming media file pieces, a sequence number may be randomly selected from the minimum set of streaming media file pieces consisting of the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 11 and the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 15 as a target sequence number, so as to download the streaming media file pieces according to a rare selection algorithm. For example, the sequence number 15 may be determined as a target sequence number.
In addition, the second downloading method may also include another form: and randomly downloading the streaming media file piece until the end of downloading the streaming media file. That is, after the streaming media to be processed with the preset proportion is downloaded from the beginning of the streaming media file in sequence, one streaming media file piece is directly and randomly selected to continue downloading the streaming media file pieces outside the preset proportion until all the remaining streaming media file pieces are downloaded.
It should be added that, when the second downloading mode is to randomly select one streaming media file piece from the minimum streaming media file piece set of the whole peer-to-peer network to continue downloading, a third downloading mode may be further included after the second downloading mode. The third downloading method may be: in the whole point-to-point network, the streaming media file pieces are downloaded according to the sequence of the serial numbers of the streaming media file pieces until the end of the downloading of the streaming media file, namely, all the streaming media file pieces are downloaded. The third downloading method here can be understood as: and determining the sequence numbers meeting the third sequence number range as target sequence numbers according to the third sequence. The third sequence number range may specifically be all ranges except for the first type file piece and the second type file piece, and under the influence of the second type file piece, the third sequence number range may include discrete sequence numbers or continuous sequence numbers. The third sequence may be a sequence of sequence numbers from small to large in the remaining streaming media file pieces, that is, the minimum sequence number may be used as the target sequence number for downloading. The minimum sequence number is dynamically updated as the download process progresses. On this basis, the minimum sequence number can be determined as the target sequence number, so as to facilitate downloading of the streaming media file pieces corresponding to the target sequence number until all the remaining streaming media file pieces are downloaded. When downloading the streaming media file pieces according to the minimum sequence number, the streaming media file pieces can be downloaded according to a sequential downloading algorithm, that is, the streaming media file pieces are downloaded in a discrete sequence according to the sequence of the sequence numbers of the remaining streaming media file pieces from small to large. For example, first download the streaming media file piece with sequence number 40, then download the streaming media file piece with sequence number 45 and the following, and so on.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of downloading streaming media resources according to an equalization selection algorithm, and referring to fig. 7, mainly includes the following steps:
in step S710, downloading a preset proportion of streaming media file pieces according to a first downloading manner to obtain a first type file piece.
In step S720, if the downloading of the first type file fragments is completed, one of the sequence numbers within the second sequence number range is randomly selected as a target sequence number according to a second sequence, so as to download the second type file fragments corresponding to the target sequence number.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, after the downloading of the first type of file pieces in the first stage is completed, the streaming media file pieces in the second sequence number range may be downloaded according to the rarity of the streaming media file pieces in the whole peer-to-peer network in the second downloading manner. The target sequence number is determined only according to the minimum set of streaming media file pieces, and does not need to be determined sequentially from small to large, for example, the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 15 may be downloaded first, and then the streaming media file piece with the sequence number of 13 may be downloaded, and so on, until the streaming media file pieces in the second sequence number range are downloaded. For example, if there are 100 pieces of files to be downloaded in the streaming media to be processed, the pieces of files with sequence numbers of 1-10 are preferentially downloaded as the pieces of files of the first type. After the first-type file pieces are downloaded, the downloaded first-type file pieces can be ignored according to a rare selection algorithm, and the serial number of one streaming media file piece is randomly selected from the minimum streaming media file piece set to serve as a target serial number until the downloading proportion is 5% of the quantity of all the streaming media file pieces. For convenience of description, randomly downloaded streaming media file pieces satisfying the second sequence number range may be referred to as second-type file pieces, and the second-type file pieces may be used as streaming media resources in the second phase.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, by downloading the streaming media file pieces distributed with fewer clients at first, the problem of downloading missing of the streaming media file pieces caused by conditions such as shutdown or downtime of the clients providing the streaming media file pieces distributed with fewer clients can be avoided, and the completeness and comprehensiveness of downloading the streaming media file pieces can be ensured.
In step S730, if the downloading of the second type of file fragments is completed, the target sequence number is determined within a third sequence number range according to a third sequence, so as to download the third type of file fragments until all the streaming media file fragments of the to-be-processed streaming media are downloaded.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the second-type documentary piece in the second stage is downloaded, the downloading in the third stage may be performed according to a third downloading manner. The third sequence number range may be determined according to a ratio of the remaining streaming media file pieces, and may be 85% for example. Discrete sequence numbers may be included within the third range of sequence numbers under the influence of the second type of file piece. When downloading the file pieces according to the third sequence, the file pieces can be downloaded sequentially according to the discrete sequence downloading mode and the sequence of the sequence numbers of the remaining streaming media file pieces from small to large to obtain a third type file piece. For example, first download the streaming media file piece with sequence number 40, then download the streaming media file piece with sequence number 42 and the following streaming media file piece, and so on.
Through the technical scheme in fig. 7, when the priority information of the streaming media to be processed is the play priority, the target sequence number of the streaming media file piece to be downloaded can be determined according to a plurality of downloading modes of combining the first downloading mode with the second downloading mode with the third downloading mode, respectively according to the sequence of each downloading mode from different sequence number ranges, the target sequence number can be continuously determined according to the sequence from small to large, the minimum streaming media file piece set is selected to respectively determine the target sequence number from a part of streaming media file pieces and discretely determine the target sequence number according to the sequence from small to large, the appropriate target sequence number is comprehensively and timely determined, and then the streaming media file piece corresponding to the target sequence number is downloaded, so that the problem that some streaming media file pieces cannot be downloaded due to abnormal conditions is avoided, the efficiency and the balance of downloading the streaming media file pieces are improved, and the streaming media file pieces to be processed can be completely and completely downloaded, the problem of downloading interruption caused by abnormal conditions is avoided, the problems of low downloading speed and network blockage caused by bandwidth limitation are also avoided, the occupation condition of the downloading process on the server bandwidth is reduced, the downloading and the playing can be smoothly realized, and the playing quality and the streaming media playing experience are improved. The accuracy and efficiency of downloading the streaming media to be processed are improved through the determined proper target sequence number, so that the playing quality is improved. In addition, a distributed network model is adopted based on the P2P technology, so that the better balance can be made before the network bandwidth and the burst traffic. The scheme can support downloading and playing of android streaming media client sides, the more the downloading users are, the faster the downloading speed is, the efficient transmission mechanism is provided, the problem of link bandwidth bottleneck in the original streaming media transmission mode is solved, the multi-user concurrent on-demand function of the same streaming media file is provided, the server cost is saved, and the application range is enlarged.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, in order to fully utilize the bandwidth, the BitTorrent protocol adopts a slice coverage strategy. Each node Peer participates in the delivery of a piece of streaming media files. So that all pieces of streaming media files should be evenly distributed in all nodes. At the same time, to ensure that each piece can be acquired, copies of the file pieces should be added. Distributed copy refers to the number of repetitions of the smallest piece of the file. To increase the distributed copy value, the rare pieces should be downloaded preferentially. The distribution of the file pieces in each client may be as shown in fig. 8.
It should be added that if the downloading operation of the client to the streaming media file piece corresponding to the target serial number is detected, the streaming media file piece corresponding to the downloaded target serial number can be automatically played. After detecting the downloading operation of the streaming media file piece, the downloaded streaming media file piece can be automatically played after the buffering is completed. Playing the streaming media file pieces can be performed after the downloading operation of each streaming media file piece to be downloaded is completed, and it is not necessary to wait for all the streaming media file pieces to be downloaded. For example, for the streaming media downloading method with priority, after the first 10% of the streaming media file pieces downloaded first are downloaded, the streaming media resources of the 10% of the streaming media file pieces can be played. Therefore, the playing effect of playing while downloading can be realized, the target sequence number can be determined through the sequence in various downloading modes, the file piece can be downloaded by determining the proper sequence, and the downloading speed is improved. Meanwhile, since a part of the data can be downloaded for playing, the problem of discontinuous playing is avoided, and the playing quality is improved.
It should be added that when the client downloads the resource of the to-be-processed streaming media, the client may also serve as a resource provider to provide the streaming media resource for other downloaders, so as to provide an upload function to other clients.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, a streaming media player framework based on android platform for downloading and playing simultaneously is provided by combining a P2P technology, the framework has an efficient transmission mechanism, the problem of link bandwidth bottleneck in the original streaming media transmission mode is solved, a multi-user concurrent on-demand function of the same streaming media file is provided, and the server cost is saved. The provided balanced selection algorithm can balance between network bandwidth and burst flow, ensures that the android client player supports downloading and playing functions, and improves user experience. The problem of downloading interruption caused by abnormal conditions is avoided, the problems of low downloading speed and network blocking caused by bandwidth limitation are also avoided, the occupation condition of the bandwidth of a server in the downloading process is reduced, the stream media to be processed can be downloaded and played smoothly, the problem of overlong buffer time is avoided, the smoothness of stream media playing is improved, and the stream media playing quality and the stream media playing experience are improved. The method has the advantages that a specific server does not need to be set for the client, the limitation on the data format of the streaming media is avoided, the limitation on the downloading of the streaming media is reduced, the complexity of installation and maintenance is reduced, the cost is reduced, the operation is easier, and the application range is enlarged.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a streaming media transmission apparatus is further provided, and referring to fig. 9, the streaming media transmission apparatus 900 mainly includes the following modules: a streaming media determining module 901, configured to determine, in response to a trigger operation, to-be-processed streaming media; a first downloading module 902, configured to download the to-be-processed streaming media according to a first downloading manner and based on a point-to-point protocol, where the first downloading manner includes sequential downloading from a preset proportion of a start of a streaming media file corresponding to the to-be-processed streaming media; a second downloading module 903, configured to continue downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a second downloading manner and based on the peer-to-peer protocol, where the second downloading manner is different from the first downloading manner. .
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first downloading manner includes: and downloading the streaming media file pieces with the preset proportion according to the sequence of the streaming media file pieces.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second downloading manner includes: downloading is carried out according to the sparseness of the streaming media file pieces in the whole peer-to-peer network.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second downloading manner includes: and randomly selecting one streaming media file piece from the minimum streaming media file piece set of the whole peer-to-peer network according to a rare selection algorithm to download, wherein the minimum streaming media file piece set is used for representing the set of the streaming media file pieces with the minimum distribution quantity.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second downloading manner includes: and randomly downloading the streaming media file piece until the end of the downloading of the streaming media file.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, after the determining the streaming media to be processed, before downloading the streaming media to be processed according to a first downloading manner and based on a peer-to-peer protocol, the apparatus further includes: a first selection module, configured to determine, if the information of the trigger operation includes a play priority instruction, a combination of the first download mode and the second download mode as the streaming media download mode, and execute an operation of downloading the streaming media to be processed according to the first download mode and based on a peer-to-peer protocol; and the second selection module is used for downloading the streaming media to be processed according to the sparseness degree of the streaming media file pieces in the whole point-to-point network if the information of the trigger operation does not comprise a playing priority instruction.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset ratio is determined according to a size of the streaming media file.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset ratio is inversely proportional to a size of the streaming media file.
It should be noted that the specific details of each module in the streaming media transmission device have been described in detail in the corresponding streaming media transmission method, and therefore are not described herein again.
It should be noted that although in the above detailed description several modules or units of the device for action execution are mentioned, such a division is not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functionality of two or more modules or units described above may be embodied in one module or unit, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of modules or units.
Moreover, although the steps of the methods of the present disclosure are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this does not require or imply that the steps must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the depicted steps must be performed, to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken into multiple step executions, etc.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, an electronic device capable of implementing the method is also provided.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied as a system, method or program product. Accordingly, various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of: an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, microcode, etc.) or an embodiment combining hardware and software aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a "circuit," module "or" system.
An electronic device 1000 according to this embodiment of the disclosure is described below with reference to fig. 10. The electronic device 1000 shown in fig. 10 is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 10, the electronic device 1000 is embodied in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 1000 may include, but are not limited to: the at least one processing unit 1010, the at least one memory unit 1020, and a bus 1050 that couples the various system components including the memory unit 1020 and the processing unit 1010.
Wherein the storage unit stores program code that is executable by the processing unit 1010 to cause the processing unit 1010 to perform steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure described in the above section "exemplary methods" of the present specification. For example, the processing unit 1010 may perform the steps as shown in fig. 2.
The storage unit 1020 may include readable media in the form of volatile memory units, such as a random access memory unit (RAM)10201 and/or a cache memory unit 10202, and may further include a read-only memory unit (ROM) 10203.
The memory unit 1020 may also include a program/utility 10204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 10205, such program modules 10205 including, but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which, or some combination thereof, may comprise an implementation of a network environment.
The electronic device 1000 may also communicate with one or more external devices 1100 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, bluetooth device, etc.), with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 1000, and/or with any devices (e.g., router, modem, etc.) that enable the electronic device 1000 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may occur through input/output (I/O) interfaces 1050. Also, the electronic device 1000 may communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), and/or a public network such as the internet) via the network adapter 1060. As shown, the network adapter 1060 communicates with the other modules of the electronic device 1000 over the bus 1030. It should be appreciated that although not shown, other hardware and/or software modules may be used in conjunction with the electronic device 1000, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems, among others.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, on which a program product capable of implementing the above-mentioned method of the present specification is stored. In some possible embodiments, various aspects of the disclosure may also be implemented in the form of a program product comprising program code for causing a terminal device to perform the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section above of this specification, when the program product is run on the terminal device.
According to the program product for implementing the above method of the embodiments of the present disclosure, it may employ a portable compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) and include program codes, and may be run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the program product of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and in this document, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium that is not a readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Program code for carrying out operations for the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., through the internet using an internet service provider).
Furthermore, the above-described figures are merely schematic illustrations of processes included in methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be limiting. It will be readily understood that the processes shown in the above figures are not intended to indicate or limit the chronological order of the processes. In addition, it is also readily understood that these processes may be performed synchronously or asynchronously, e.g., in multiple modules.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A streaming media transmission method, comprising:
responding to the trigger operation, and determining to-be-processed streaming media;
if the information of the trigger operation comprises a play priority instruction, downloading the streaming media to be processed with the target sequence number determined from the sequence numbers in the first sequence number range according to a first downloading mode and based on a point-to-point protocol, wherein the first downloading mode comprises sequential downloading from a preset proportion of the beginning of a streaming media file corresponding to the streaming media to be processed; the first sequence number range is used for representing a preset proportion, and the preset proportion is in inverse proportion to the size of the streaming media file;
according to a second downloading mode represented by the rarity degree of the streaming media file pieces in the whole peer-to-peer network, determining a target sequence number in the sequence numbers in the second sequence number range according to a second sequence, continuously downloading the to-be-processed streaming media with the target sequence number in the second sequence number range based on the peer-to-peer protocol, and downloading the to-be-processed streaming media with the target sequence number determined in a third sequence number range according to a third downloading mode until the streaming media file is downloaded; the second downloading mode is different from the first downloading mode.
2. The streaming media transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the second downloading method comprises:
and randomly selecting one streaming media file piece from the minimum streaming media file piece set of the whole peer-to-peer network according to a rare selection algorithm to download, wherein the minimum streaming media file piece set is used for representing the set of the streaming media file pieces with the minimum distribution quantity.
3. The streaming media transmission method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein after the determining of the to-be-processed streaming media, before downloading the to-be-processed streaming media according to a first downloading manner and based on a peer-to-peer protocol, the method further comprises:
and if the information of the triggering operation does not comprise a playing priority instruction, downloading the streaming media to be processed according to the sparseness degree of the streaming media file pieces in the whole point-to-point network.
4. A streaming media transmission apparatus, comprising:
the streaming media determining module is used for responding to the triggering operation and determining to-be-processed streaming media;
a first downloading module, configured to download, if the information of the trigger operation includes a play priority instruction, the to-be-processed streaming media with a target sequence number determined according to a first sequence from sequence numbers in a first sequence range according to a first downloading manner and based on a peer-to-peer protocol, where the first downloading manner includes sequential downloading from a preset ratio of a start of a streaming media file corresponding to the to-be-processed streaming media; the first sequence number range is used for representing a preset proportion, and the preset proportion is in inverse proportion to the size of the streaming media file;
a second downloading module, configured to determine a target serial number in serial numbers within a second serial number range according to a second sequence according to a second downloading manner indicated by a rareness degree of the streaming media file pieces in the entire peer-to-peer network, continue to download the to-be-processed streaming media with the target serial number within the second serial number range based on the peer-to-peer protocol, and download the to-be-processed streaming media with the target serial number determined within a third serial number range according to a third sequence according to a third downloading manner until the downloading of the streaming media file is completed; the second downloading mode is different from the first downloading mode.
5. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; and
a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor;
wherein the processor is configured to perform the streaming media transmission method of any of claims 1-3 via execution of the executable instructions.
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