CN111030470B - 两级变换器的母线调压电路及方法 - Google Patents

两级变换器的母线调压电路及方法 Download PDF

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CN111030470B
CN111030470B CN201911404038.4A CN201911404038A CN111030470B CN 111030470 B CN111030470 B CN 111030470B CN 201911404038 A CN201911404038 A CN 201911404038A CN 111030470 B CN111030470 B CN 111030470B
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李晨光
吴琼
胡兴邦
苏都
朱强
朱建国
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Shenzhen Winline Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33515Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with digital control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007Plural converter units in cascade
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种可以闭环调节母线电压的方法,通过数字控制芯片实时检测DCDC变换器占空比,判定DCDC变换器是否处在开环状态,若检测判定认为开环则根据调压方案调节母线电压,直至输出电压达到给定电压,DCDC变换器闭环。本发明在调压电路中设置了数字控制芯片,用于实时检测DCDC变换器占空比,使得本发明的母线调压方法和电路可以有效避免由于DCDC变换器在CCM态下占空比损失、DCM态下占空比失调等因素引起的开环异常状态。

Description

两级变换器的母线调压电路及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车充电模块领域,具体涉及AC-DC整流电源和数字电源,尤其涉及使用两级变换器的电源模块。
背景技术
在现有的高频开关源中,典型的两级变换器电路图如图1,包括第一级功率因数校正变换器(Power Factor Correction PFC),以下简称PFC变换器,及第二级DCDC变换器。同时还包括三项交流输入和输出端的直流滤波器。早期两级变换器的直流母线电压Vdc一般都是固定值,近年来常用的调压方式都是直流母线电压和输出电压、输入电压相关联,采用二元函数,即母线电压Vdc是输出电压和输入电压的函数,目的是当上述两个因素变化时,保障电源模块正常工作的同时使DCDC变换器占空比尽量大,母线电压能够尽量低,这样能够使两级变换器在规定范围内都工作在最高效率状态。两级变换器降低母线电压,提高DCDC变换器工作时占空比,则变换器整机效率会提升。
常用母线调压方式是根据输出电压、输入电压计算,再通过实际调试确定得到,但是常用的母线调压方式没有做到闭环调节,一旦由于器件参数差异造成连续电流模式(CCM)下占空比丢失或不连续电流模式(DCM)下占空比失调更严重而导致输出能力不足,则输出电压会一直小于给定电压,DCDC变换器一直处于开环工作状态。
发明内容
针对现有母线调压方式的上述缺点,本发明在现有母线调压方式的基础上提出一种可以闭环调节的母线调压方法和电路,在调压电路中增加数字控制芯片,通过数字控制芯片实时检测DCDC变换器的占空比,由此来判定DCDC变换器是否处在开环状态或者接近开环状态,若检测判定认为开环则根据调压方案调节母线电压,直至输出电压达到给定电压,DCDC变换器闭环。
调节方法包括:给电源模块上电;根据两级变换器的输出电压和输入电压值计算出母线电压值Vdc,调整母线电压到母线电压值Vdc;实时检测两级变换器中DCDC变换器工作时的占空比,当同时满足条件a、b时,将检测的结果传给PFC变换器执行母线上调电压动作,即第一级变换器PFC变换器将母线电压在Vdc基础上往上调节Δv,其中Δv是根据母线电压、变压器匝比、输出电压最大值预设的电压变化。继续实时检测所述DCDC变换器工作时的占空比,直到不能同时满足条件a、b时,维持母线电压;
其中条件a为检测到DCDC变换器工作时的占空比大于Dset,
条件b为条件a的状态持续1秒;
Dset为根据DCDC变换器稳态工作时占空比丢失情况预设的占空比值,Dset可以为DCDC变换器稳态工作时最大占空比Dmax的90%-95%,其中实时检测两级变换器中DCDC 变换器工作时的占空比是通过数字控制芯片实现的。其中Δv可设置为Vdc的0.1%-1%。
同时本发明还提供了一种实现上述功能的电路,包括用于检测DCDC变换器占空比的检测模块以及调整母线电压的调整模块。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明在调压电路中设置了数字控制芯片,用于实时检测电源模块占空比,使得本发明的母线调压方法和电路可以有效避免由于DCDC变换器在CCM 态下占空比损失、DCM态下占空比失调等因素引起的开环异常状态。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的常见的三相交流电源输入的两级变换器示意图;
图2为现有技术中的常见的单相交流电源输入的两级变换器示意图;
图3为本发明的两级变换器的母线调压流程图。
具体实施方式
为了实现本发明的技术方案,让本领域技术人员容易了解和应用本发明,将结合具体实施方式以及附图,进一步阐述如何判断模块是否开环,调节母线电压,实现变换器最优工作态。
本发明具体实现方法和电路设置如下:
在调压电路中设置了数字控制芯片,通过数字控制芯片(如:TI的DSP芯片TMS320F2803X)可实时检测DCDC变换器工作时的占空比,在检测过程中,若同时满足以下条件:
条件a为检测到DCDC变换器工作时的占空比大于Dset,
条件b为条件a的状态持续1秒;
Dset为根据DCDC变换器稳态工作时占空比丢失情况预设的占空比值,
则判定DCDC变换器工作在开环状态,第一级变换器PFC变换器将母线电压Vdc上调Δv ,Δv是根据母线电压、变压器匝比、输出电压最大值预设的电压变化。如此往复,直到不能同时符合上述a、b条件,调节结束,由此获得了在稳态时有足够的输出能力,并使输出电压稳定在给定值。
所述条件a中,在给定的输出电压、输出电流的情况下,设置占空比Dset和DCDC变换器稳态工作时占空比丢失相关,Dset一般取稳态工作最大占空比Dmax的90%-95%左右,具体值根据实际测试结果定。
其中Vdc为根据两级变换器的输出电压和输入电压值计算得出。其中Δv设置为Vdc的 0.1%-1%。
本发明提出的母线调压电路包括检测模块和调节模块,检测模块通过数字控制芯片实现对DCDC变换器占空比的检测,并与根据DCDC变换器稳态工作时占空比丢失情况设置的Dset比较,调节模块用于当同时满足条件a、b时,对母线电压进行调节,上调Δv 。
本发明提出的母线调压方法,根据实时检测DCDC变换器占空比,设计母线调压策略, 可以有效避免由于CCM态下占空比损失、DCM态下占空比失调等因素引起的开环异常状态。
参考图3,给电源模块上电,根据输出电压和输入电压值计算出母线电压Vdc,调整母线电压到上述计算值Vdc,TI的DSP芯片TMS320F2803X实时检测占空比,如果检测到占空比大于Dset,且该状态持续1秒,则母线电压往上调节Δv,Δv可以选取0.5-8v,然后TI 的DSP芯片TMS320F2803X继续实时检测占空比,直到不能同时满足占空比大于Dset,且该状态持续1秒时,结束调节,维持当前母线电压。一旦再次检测到占空比大于Dset,且该状态持续1秒时,则再次进入母线电压调节状态。
其中DCDC变换器可以为正激、推挽、半桥、全桥等占空比调宽控制的变换器。
两级变换器包括第一级功率因数校正变换器(Power Factor Correction PFC),简称PFC变换器,及第二级DCDC变换器。
上述实施方式仅是示例性的示出本发明,并不企图限制本发明。另外对于没有详细描述的步骤属于本领域技术人员熟知的技术内容。对于涵盖在本发明构思内的相应的变换和更改均在本发明范围内。

Claims (10)

1.闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的方法,包括:
根据两级变换器的输出电压和输入电压值计算出母线电压值Vdc,调整母线电压到计算的母线电压值Vdc;
实时检测两级变换器中DCDC变换器工作时的占空比,当同时满足条件a、b时,则母线电压在Vdc的基础上往上调节Δv,继续实时检测所述DCDC变换器工作时的占空比,直到不能同时满足条件a、b时,维持当前母线电压;
其中条件a为检测到DCDC变换器工作时的占空比大于Dset,
条件b为条件a的状态持续1秒;
Dset为根据DCDC变换器稳态工作时占空比丢失情况预设的占空比值;
Δv是根据母线电压、变压器匝比、输出电压最大值预设的电压变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的方法,其中实时检测两级变换器中DCDC变换器工作时的占空比是通过数字控制芯片实现的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的方法,其中数字控制芯片为DSP芯片TMS320F2803X。
4.根据权利要求1所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的方法,其中Dset为DCDC变换器稳态工作时最大占空比Dmax的90%-95%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的方法,其中两级变换器包括第一级功率因数校正变换器和第二级DCDC变换器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的方法,其中Δv设置为Vdc的0.1%-1%。
7.闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的电路,包括:
检测模块,实时检测两级变换器中DCDC变换器工作时的占空比;
调节模块,当同时满足条件a、b时,则母线电压在Vdc的基础上往上调节Δv,直到不能同时满足条件a、b时,维持当前母线电压;
其中条件a为检测到DCDC变换器工作时的占空比大于Dset,
条件b为条件a的状态持续1秒;
Dset为根据DCDC变换器稳态工作时占空比丢失情况预设的占空比值;
Vdc是根据两级变换器的输出电压和输入电压值计算得出的;
Δv是根据母线电压、变压器匝比、输出电压最大值预设的电压变化。
8.根据权利要求7所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的电路,其中实时检测两级变换器中DCDC变换器工作时的占空比是通过数字控制芯片实现的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的电路,其中数字控制芯片为DSP芯片TMS320F2803X。
10.根据权利要求7所述的闭环调节两级变换器母线电压的电路,其中Dset为DCDC变换器稳态工作时最大占空比Dmax的90%-95%;和/或
其中两级变换器包括第一级功率因数校正变换器和第二级DCDC变换器;和/或
其中Δv设置为Vdc的0.1%-1%。
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