CN111030322B - Micro-energy collection management system with low-current starting and voltage monitoring function - Google Patents

Micro-energy collection management system with low-current starting and voltage monitoring function Download PDF

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CN111030322B
CN111030322B CN201911210655.0A CN201911210655A CN111030322B CN 111030322 B CN111030322 B CN 111030322B CN 201911210655 A CN201911210655 A CN 201911210655A CN 111030322 B CN111030322 B CN 111030322B
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CN111030322A (en
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谢桂辉
焦向开
徐浪
魏权
刘子扬
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Hubei Jihui Technology Co ltd
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China University of Geosciences
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro energy collection management system with low current starting and voltage monitoring functions, which can be used for collecting energy in the environments of weak light, low vibration intensity, micro temperature difference and the like, is particularly suitable for a scene based on radio frequency energy collection, realizes a micro energy collection and power management system which can be started at 0.9V and 160nA, reduces the starting power of energy collection to 0.144 mu W, can obviously improve the sensitivity of energy collection, and tests prove that the minimum radio frequency input power of-21 dBm @915MHz can be operated, and can effectively expand the space range of radio frequency energy collection; meanwhile, the normal electricity utilization of the system is ensured by adding a voltage monitoring function.

Description

Micro-energy collection management system with low-current starting and voltage monitoring function
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-energy collection, in particular to a micro-energy collection management system with low-current starting and a voltage monitoring function.
Background
Energy collection is a key technology for realizing long-term maintenance-free operation of low-power-consumption circuit systems such as a passive internet of things. By capturing such energy in the environment, such as lighting, temperature differences, vibrations, and electromagnetic waves (radio frequency energy), low power electronics can be made to function properly. In these micropower energy sources, the energy from the rf transmitter has unique advantages, including predictable and consistent power over distance, enabling passive internet of things to be kept away from battery and wired power constraints.
Ambient radio frequency energy is now available from hundreds of billions of wireless transmitters worldwide, and the number of transmitters is increasing, including mobile phones, handheld radios, mobile base stations, and television/radio broadcasters, and capturing such energy helps create a variety of new passive internet of things devices. Currently, asic/modules dedicated to rf energy harvesting are still rare, and Powercast, TI and E-bias in belgium from the united states offer a few commercial solutions today.
P2110B is the most representative RF energy harvesting module of Powercast, with 1.25V starting voltage, 3.9 μ A starting current, 4.9 μ W starting power, and the minimum RF input power-11 dBm @915MHz the module can operate.
BQ25504 and BQ25505 of TI company are the most representative energy collecting chips, the starting voltage is 0.33V and 0.6V respectively, the starting current is 45 muA and 25 muA respectively, and the starting power is 15 muW.
AEM40940 is a special radio frequency energy collecting chip newly proposed by E-Peas in 2018, the starting voltage is 0.38V, the starting current is 7.9 muA, and the starting power is only 3 muW. The minimum rf input power at which the chip can operate-19 dBm @915 MHz.
Meanwhile, when the existing micro energy collection management system works, a system load chip and other chips always work all the time, and when the system collects energy slowly, normal power utilization of the system load chip is met slowly, so that the system works abnormally.
Disclosure of Invention
Since the starting power is directly related to the sensitivity of the (radio frequency) energy harvesting, the effective range of the radio frequency energy harvesting is affected. According to the background introduction above, current energy harvesting solutions with minimum starting power also require 3 μ W. Aiming at the problem and ensuring normal power consumption of system load chips and the like, the invention provides a set of solution with smaller starting power, namely a micro energy collection management system with low current starting and a voltage monitoring function, and the energy collection starting power is reduced to 0.144 mu W.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem provides a micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function, comprising:
one end of the first energy storage device is grounded, the other end of the first energy storage device is connected with the output end of the RF-to-DC module, and the input end of the RF-to-DC module is connected with the radio frequency energy collecting antenna and used for converting the radio frequency energy into direct current for output;
the power input pin of the DC/DC conversion chip is connected with the other end;
the first voltage monitoring chip is provided with an input port and an indication output port, the input port is connected with the other end of the first energy storage device, and the indication output port is used for outputting a high level when the voltage input by the input port is greater than a voltage threshold value, otherwise, outputting a low level;
the anode of the first diode is connected with the indication output port;
one end of the first resistor is connected with the cathode of the first diode, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor and is simultaneously connected to the enabling end of the DC/DC conversion chip, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded; the first resistor and the second resistor are used for dividing the voltage output by the first diode, so that the error starting of the DC/DC conversion chip caused by the sub-threshold characteristic is avoided;
the D pole of the first N-type switching tube is connected with one end of the second resistor, the S pole of the first N-type switching tube is grounded, and the G pole of the first N-type switching tube is used for being connected with a high/low level output port of a system load chip so as to receive the control of the system load chip to switch the switching state;
the anode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the enabling end;
one end of the second energy storage device is grounded, and the other end of the second energy storage device is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip;
the S pole of the first P-type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device, and the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube is used for connecting a power supply input terminal of a system load chip;
a second P-type MOS tube (Q3), wherein the S pole of the second P-type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device, and the G pole of the second P-type MOS tube is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube;
the second voltage monitoring chip is provided with an input terminal and an indication output terminal, the input terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip is connected with the S pole of the second P-type MOS tube, when the indication output terminal is used for the normal work of the second voltage monitoring chip, when the voltage input by the input terminal is smaller than a voltage threshold Vth, a low level is output, otherwise, a high level is output, the voltage of the high level is equal to the input voltage on the input terminal, and when the second P-type MOS tube is conducted, the high level is the voltage Vin of the energy storage device;
one end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device, and the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube;
the D pole of the second N-type MOS tube is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube, and the S pole of the second N-type MOS tube is grounded;
a first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor (R5) connected in series between the indication output terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip and the G pole of the second N-type MOS tube;
a second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor (R6) connected in series between the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube and the G pole of the second N-type MOS tube;
voltage threshold V of the first electrical monitor chipThresholdMinimum starting voltage V of DC/DC conversion chipIn_StartupSatisfies the following conditions: vIn_Startup＜VThresholdLess than or equal to 0.9V; leakage current I of the first energy storage deviceLeakageQuiescent current I of first voltage monitoring chipMonitorAnd the off-current I of the DC/DC conversion chipShutdownSatisfies the following conditions: i isLeakage+IMonitor+IShutdown≤160nA。
According to another aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the technical problems, there is provided a micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function, comprising:
one end of the first energy storage device is grounded, the other end of the first energy storage device is connected with the output end of the RF-to-DC module, and the input end of the RF-to-DC module is connected with the radio frequency energy collecting antenna and used for converting the radio frequency energy into direct current for output;
the power input pin of the DC/DC conversion chip is connected with the other end;
the first voltage monitoring chip is provided with an input port and an indication output port, the input port is connected with the other end of the first energy storage device, and the indication output port is used for outputting a high level when the voltage input by the input port is greater than a voltage threshold value, otherwise, outputting a low level;
the anode of the first diode is connected with the indication output port;
one end of the first resistor is connected with the cathode of the first diode, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor and is simultaneously connected to the enabling end of the DC/DC conversion chip, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded; the first resistor and the second resistor are used for dividing the voltage output by the first diode, so that the error starting of the DC/DC conversion chip caused by the sub-threshold characteristic is avoided;
the D pole of the first N-type switching tube is connected with one end of the second resistor, the S pole of the first N-type switching tube is grounded, and the G pole of the first N-type switching tube is used for being connected with a high/low level output port of a system load chip so as to receive the control of the system load chip to switch the switching state;
the anode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the enabling end;
one end of the second energy storage device is grounded, and the other end of the second energy storage device is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip;
the S pole of the first P-type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device, and the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube is used for connecting a power supply input terminal of a system load chip;
a second P-type MOS tube (Q3), wherein the S pole of the second P-type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device, and the G pole of the second P-type MOS tube is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube;
the second voltage monitoring chip is provided with an input terminal and an indication output terminal, the input terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip is connected with the S pole of the second P-type MOS tube, when the indication output terminal is used for the normal work of the second voltage monitoring chip, when the voltage input by the input terminal is smaller than a voltage threshold value Vth, a low level is output, otherwise, a high level is output, the voltage of the high level is equal to the input voltage on the input terminal, and when the second P-type MOS tube is conducted, the high level is the voltage Vin of the second energy storage device;
one end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device, and the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube;
the G pole of the second N-type MOS tube is connected with the indication output terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip, the D pole of the second N-type MOS tube is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube, and the S pole of the second N-type MOS tube is grounded;
the G pole of the third N-type MOS tube is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube, the D pole is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube, and the S pole is grounded;
voltage threshold V of the first electrical monitor chipThresholdMinimum starting voltage V of DC/DC conversion chipIn_StartupSatisfies the following conditions: vIn_Startup＜VThresholdLess than or equal to 0.9V; leakage current I of the first energy storage deviceLeakageQuiescent current I of first voltage monitoring chipMonitorAnd the off-current I of the DC/DC conversion chipShutdownSatisfies the following conditions: i isLeakage+IMonitor+IShutdown≤160nA。
Further, in the micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention, a third resistor is connected in series between the cathode of the second diode and the enable terminal.
Further, in the micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention, the first energy storage device is a tantalum capacitor, the first voltage monitoring chip is TPS3839a09, the DC/DC conversion chip is MAX 17222; the second voltage monitoring chip is TPS3831, TPS3839, R3114 or R3116.
Further, in the micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention, the system load chip is MSP430FR5969, and the first diode and the second diode are both 1N 4148.
Further, in the micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention, the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor are equal and all are 30M Ω.
Further, in the micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention, the system load chip starts running and controls the high/low level output port to output high level after completing one task, so as to change the first N-type switch tube from on to off, so that the DC/DC conversion chip is turned off, and thus one start cycle is ended; the energy harvesting process continues with the next cycle being initiated when the voltage of the first energy storage device again reaches the voltage threshold of the first voltage monitoring chip.
Further, in the micro energy harvesting management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention,
(1) the G pole initial state of the second P type MOS tube defaults to a low level, so that the voltage Vin on the second energy storage device meets the following conditions: when Vin is more than or equal to 0 and less than Vth _ pmos2, the second P-type MOS tube is disconnected, when Vth _ pmos2 is more than or equal to Vin and less than Vth, the second P-type MOS tube is connected to indicate that the output of the output terminal is low level, the second N-type MOS tube is disconnected at the moment, and the first P-type MOS tube is disconnected under the action of a pull-up resistor, so that the input voltage of the power input terminal is 0V, and a system load chip is not powered and cannot be started; wherein Vth _ pmos2 represents the turn-on threshold voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor;
(2) when Vin is larger than or equal to Vth, the output of the indication output terminal is changed into high level, and the voltage of the G electrode of the second N-type MOS tube rises to the voltage of the G electrode
Figure BDA0002293979320000061
R5, R6 and
Figure BDA0002293979320000062
the magnitude of the first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor, the magnitude of the second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor, and the magnitude of the voltage output by the indicating output terminal are in this order, and R5 and R6 are set to satisfy: when the output of the indication output terminal becomes high level, R6 Vin/(R5+ R6) exceeds the minimum turn-on voltage of the second N-type MOS tube; at the moment, the second N-type MOS tube is conducted, then the first P-type MOS tube is conducted, the system load chip is started, the voltage of the G pole of the second N-type MOS tube and the voltage of the G pole of the second P-type MOS tube rise to Vin, and the second P-type MOS tube is disconnected;
(3) the second voltage monitoring chip is powered down after the second P-type MOS tube is disconnected, the output of the indication output terminal goes low again, and the G voltage of the second N-type MOS tube is reduced to R5 Vin/(R5+ R6), and R5 and R6 are set to satisfy the following conditions: when the output of the indication output terminal changes to low level, R5 Vin/(R6+ R6) exceeds the minimum turn-on voltage of the second N-type MOS tube; at this time, the second N-type MOS transistor is still turned on, so that the start-up operation state of the system load chip can be maintained.
Further, in the micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention, R5-R6-10M Ω.
Further, in the micro energy harvesting management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function of the present invention,
(1) the G pole initial state of the second P type MOS tube defaults to a low level, so that the voltage Vin on the second energy storage device meets the following conditions: when Vin is more than or equal to 0 and less than Vth _ pmos2, the second P-type MOS tube is disconnected, when Vth _ pmos2 is more than or equal to Vin and less than Vth, the second P-type MOS tube is connected to indicate that the output of the output terminal is low level, the second N-type MOS tube is disconnected at the moment, and the first P-type MOS tube is disconnected under the action of a pull-up resistor, so that the input voltage of the power input terminal is 0V, and a system load chip is not powered and cannot be started; wherein Vth _ pmos2 represents the turn-on threshold voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor;
(2) when Vin is larger than or equal to Vth, the output of the indication output terminal is changed into high level, the second N-type MOS tube is conducted, and then the first P-type MOS tube is conducted, so that the input voltage of the power input terminal is Vin, on one hand, a system load chip is started, on the other hand, the G pole voltage of the second N-type MOS tube is increased to Vin, and the third N-type MOS tube is conducted; the G-pole voltage of the second P-type MOS tube rises to Vin, and the second P-type MOS tube is disconnected;
(3) and after the second P-type MOS tube is disconnected, the second voltage monitoring chip is powered down, the output of the indication output terminal becomes low level, the second N-type MOS tube is disconnected, but the third N-type MOS tube is still connected, so that the starting operation state of the system load chip can be maintained.
The micro-energy collection management system with low current starting and voltage monitoring functions, which is disclosed by the invention, has the following beneficial effects: the invention can be used for energy collection in the environments of weak illumination, low vibration intensity, small temperature difference and the like, is particularly suitable for the scene based on radio frequency energy collection, realizes a micro energy collection and power management system which can be started at 0.9V and 160nA, reduces the starting power of energy collection to 0.144 muW, can obviously improve the sensitivity of energy collection, and can effectively expand the space range of radio frequency energy collection by testing the minimum radio frequency input power of-21 dBm @915MHz which can be operated by the invention; meanwhile, the normal electricity utilization of the system is ensured by adding a voltage monitoring function.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring capability according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring capability of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring capability according to the present invention. The micro energy collection management system capable of starting at 0.9V and 160nA of the embodiment comprises: the power supply comprises a first energy storage device C1, a DC/DC conversion chip U2, a first voltage monitoring chip U1, a first diode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a second resistor R3, a first N-type switching tube Q1, a second diode D2, a second energy storage device C2, a first P-type MOS tube Q2, a second P-type MOS tube Q3, a second voltage monitoring chip U3, a pull-up resistor R4, a second N-type MOS tube Q4, a first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R5, a second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R6 and a decoupling capacitor C3.
The lower end of the first energy storage device C1 is grounded, and the upper end of the first energy storage device C1 is used for being connected with the output end of the RF-to-DC module RFDC, wherein the input end of the RF-to-DC module RFDC is connected with the radio frequency energy collecting antenna TX and is used for converting radio frequency energy into direct current for outputting; the first energy storage device C1 includes capacitors, batteries, and super capacitor lamps, and should have low leakage current and low self-discharge characteristics.The capacity of the first energy storage device is determined according to the power consumption of the U4 system when the system is started and operated once, in this embodiment, a 100 μ F tantalum capacitor is taken as an example, and the leakage current I isLeakageLess than 10 nA.
The power input pin VIN of the DC/DC conversion chip U2 is connected to the upper end of the first energy storage device C1, so that the first energy storage capacitor C1 is used as the power input of the DC/DC conversion chip. The DC/DC conversion chip U2 has a DC-to-DC conversion function, can be a switching up/down or LDO circuit, has an EN enable control terminal, and should have a very low standby current in the off mode, i.e., have a true off function. It should be noted that the minimum start-up voltage of the DC/DC conversion chip U2 should be less than the threshold voltage of U1, and have a wider input voltage range and higher power conversion efficiency as possible. Here, taking the switch boosting circuit MAX17222 as an example, the current I is turned offShutdownA typical value of 0.5nA, minimum starting voltage 0.88V.
The first voltage monitor chip U1 has an input port VIN and an indication output port
Figure BDA0002293979320000081
The input port VIN is connected to the upper end of the first energy storage device C1, so as to monitor the first energy storage device C1; indication output port
Figure BDA0002293979320000082
And the output circuit is used for outputting a high level when the voltage of the VIN input by the input port is greater than the voltage threshold value, and otherwise, outputting a low level. The first voltage monitoring chip U1 is generally internally composed of a reference voltage source, a resistance voltage dividing network and a voltage comparator, and can continuously monitor the power supply voltage and indicate the port to output high/low levels when a preset voltage threshold is reached. The voltage monitoring circuit should have a certain hysteresis characteristic and should have a very low quiescent current. The invention takes TPS3839A09 as an example, the static current IMonitor _ U1 has a typical value of 150nA and a voltage threshold value of 0.9V.
The anode connection of the first diode D1 indicates the output port
Figure BDA0002293979320000083
The first diode D1 is used for preventing VIN terminal voltage of U1 from dropping after DC-DC start
Figure BDA0002293979320000084
The output low turns off the DC/DC converter chip U2.
A first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, wherein one end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, the other end is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and is also connected to the enable end of the DC/DC conversion chip U2, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded; the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are used for dividing the voltage output by the first diode D1, and the R1 and R2 voltage division networks can avoid the situation that the voltage monitoring chip U1 is in false start of the DC/DC conversion chip U2 due to subthreshold characteristics under the condition of low-voltage input of less than 0.65V. In this embodiment, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are both 30M Ω.
When VIN is less than 0.65V, the output state of the RST port of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 is unstable (may output a high level) due to the sub-threshold characteristic, and in order to avoid false activation of the DC/DC conversion chip U2, the present invention uses the R1 and R2 voltage division networks to reduce the control voltage of the EN port on the DC/DC conversion chip U2, and other types of networks may also be used to implement the same voltage reduction function.
The first N-type switch Q1 is a MOSFET having a D-pole connected to the one end of the second resistor R2, an S-pole grounded, and a G-pole connected to a high/low output port I/O of a system load chip U4 for switching the switch state under the control of the system load chip U4.
The anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip U2, and the cathode is connected with the enabling end; in the present embodiment, a third resistor R3 is connected in series between the cathode of the second diode D2 and the enable terminal EN, and in another embodiment of the present invention, R3 may not be provided. D2 and R3 (when present) are used to maintain the EN enable high after the DC/DC converter chip U2 is enabled. Wherein, the R3 has the meaning of dividing the voltage between the output pin VO of the system load chip U4 and the ground according to the power P ═ U2It can be seen that when R3 is present, the power consumed by the two resistors R3+ R2 is less than that consumed by the resistor aloneR2, and therefore R3 may function to reduce power. In the present embodiment, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 are equal and are all 30M Ω, and the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are all 1N 4148.
And one end of the second energy storage device (C2) is grounded, and the other end of the second energy storage device is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2), so that the system load chip U4 can be powered through two capacitors. The lower end of the second energy storage device C2 is grounded, and the upper end is used for connecting the DC/DC conversion chip U2 at the left end, so that the DC/DC conversion chip U2 charges the second energy storage device C2, and the voltage Vin across the second energy storage device C2 gradually increases until the maximum voltage value, that is, the voltage value output by the DC/DC conversion chip U2, is reached. The second energy storage device C2 includes a capacitor, a battery, and a super capacitor. In this embodiment, the second energy storage device C4 is greater than or equal to the first energy storage capacitor C1, and in another embodiment of the present invention, the second energy storage device C4 may be smaller than the first energy storage capacitor C1. The load system chip U4 is a control chip, and includes a DSP, an MCU, and the like, and is specifically MSP430FR5969 in this embodiment.
And the S pole of the first P-type MOS tube Q2 and the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube Q2 are connected with the other end of the second energy storage device C2, and the D pole is used for connecting a power supply input terminal VCC of a system load chip U4.
And the S pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device C2, and the G pole is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2.
A second voltage monitoring chip U3 having an input terminal VIN and an indication output terminal
Figure BDA0002293979320000101
The input terminal of the second voltage monitor chip U3 is connected to the S pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3, and the indication output terminal
Figure BDA0002293979320000102
When the voltage input by the input terminal VIN is less than the voltage threshold Vth for the normal operation of the second voltage monitoring chip U3, a low level is output, otherwise, a high level is output, and the high level voltage is equal to the input terminalWhen the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, the high level is the voltage VIN of the second energy storage device C2; the second voltage monitor chip U3 may employ TPS3831, TPS3839, R3114, R3116.
One end of the pull-up resistor R4 is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device C2, and the other end is connected with the G electrode of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2.
The D pole of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2, and the S pole is grounded.
The first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R5 is connected in series with the indication output terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip U3
Figure BDA0002293979320000103
And the G pole of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4.
The second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R6 is connected in series between the D pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 and the G pole of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4.
And one end of the decoupling capacitor C3 is grounded, and the other end of the decoupling capacitor C3 is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube Q2 and is used for being connected with a power supply input end VCC of the system load chip U4. The decoupling capacitor C3 is sized 0.22 muf in this embodiment.
After the system load chip U4 starts running and completes one task, the first high/low level output port I/O1 is controlled to output a high level to change the first N-type switch Q1 from on to off, so that the DC/DC conversion chip U2 is turned off, and a start-up cycle is ended. The energy harvesting process continues and when the voltage of the first energy storage device C1 again reaches the voltage threshold of the first voltage monitor chip U1, the next cycle may be initiated.
Voltage threshold V of the first electrical monitor chipThresholdMinimum starting voltage V of DC/DC conversion chip U2In_StartupShould be as small as possible and should satisfy: vIn_Startup＜VThresholdLess than or equal to 0.9V; leakage current I of first energy storage device C1LeakageQuiescent current I of the first voltage monitor chip U1MonitorAnd the off-current I of the DC/DC conversion chip U2ShutdownThe sum should be as small as possible and should satisfy: i isLeakage+IMonitor+IShutdown≤160nA。
The working principle of the voltage monitoring part is as follows:
(1) the initial state of the G pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 defaults to a low level, so the voltage Vin across the second energy storage device C2 satisfies: when Vin is more than or equal to 0 and less than Vth _ pmos2, the second P-type MOS tube Q3 is disconnected, when Vth _ pmos2 is more than or equal to Vin and less than Vth, the second P-type MOS tube Q3 is connected to indicate that the output of the output terminal is low level, at the moment, the second N-type MOS tube Q4 is disconnected, the first P-type MOS tube Q2 is disconnected under the action of a pull-up resistor R4, therefore, the input voltage of the power supply input terminal VCC is 0V, and the system load chip U4 is not powered and cannot be started; wherein Vth _ pmos2 represents the turn-on threshold voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3.
(2) When Vin is greater than or equal to Vth, the output of the indication output terminal changes to high level, and the voltage of the G pole of the second N-type MOS tube Q4 rises to
Figure BDA0002293979320000111
R5, R6 and
Figure BDA0002293979320000112
the first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R5, the second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R6 and the voltage output by the indicating output terminal are sequentially arranged, and R5 and R6 are set to satisfy: when the output of the indication output terminal becomes high level, R6 Vin/(R5+ R6) exceeds the minimum turn-on voltage of the second N-type MOS tube Q4; at this time, the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 is turned on, then the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, the system load chip U4 is started, the voltage of the G-pole of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 and the voltage of the G-pole of the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3) rise to Vin, and the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned off;
(3) the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned off, the second voltage monitoring chip U3 is powered down, the output of the indication output terminal goes low again (for example, zero level), when the G voltage of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 drops to R5 × Vin/(R5+ R6), and R5 and R6 are set to satisfy: when the output of the indication output terminal changes to low level, R5 Vin/(R6+ R6) exceeds the minimum turn-on voltage of the second N-type MOS tube Q4; at this time, the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 is still turned on, so that the startup operation state of the system load chip U4 can be maintained.
In the present embodiment, the current consumption (without calculating the system load chip and other system loads) after the voltage monitoring part (the circuit between Vin to C3) is started up is mainly: VCC/R4 and VCC/(R5+ R6). In this embodiment, the larger the resistances of pull-up resistor R4, first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R5 and second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R6 are, the smaller the power consumed by them is, so in this embodiment, pull-up resistor R4, first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R5 and second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R6 should take larger values, and in this embodiment, the sizes of R4, R5 and R6 satisfy: r4 ═ R5 ═ R6 ═ 10M Ω.
The circuit characteristics of the voltage monitoring section of the present embodiment are: the power supply valve is positioned at a VCC power supply end, so that the integrity of a system ground plane is ensured; after system startup, using VCC and VCC
Figure BDA0002293979320000121
The voltage division of the resistor maintains the Q4 to be conducted, thereby leading the Q2 to be conducted, continuously supplying power to the system, and starting and maintaining do not need digital logic control in the system load; the voltage monitor integrated chip is adopted, so that the integration level is high, the circuit composition is simple, the cost is low, the part of operation power consumption is reduced to the lowest 150nA from uA level (the power consumption of the second voltage monitor chip U3, namely I _ U3 when the second voltage monitor chip is not turned off), after the system is started, the power supply of the second voltage monitor chip U3 is turned off through Q4, and the part of current consumption is reduced to VCC/R4+ VCC/(R5+ R6) after the system is started.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the micro energy harvesting management system with low current start and voltage monitoring capability of the present invention. The micro energy collection management system with the voltage monitoring function, which can be started at 0.9V and 160nA, comprises the following components: the power supply comprises a first energy storage device C1, a DC/DC conversion chip U2, a first voltage monitoring chip U1, a first diode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a second resistor R3, a first N-type switch tube Q1, a second diode D2, a second energy storage device C2, a first P-type MOS tube Q2, a second P-type MOS tube Q3, a second voltage monitoring chip U3, a pull-up resistor R4, a second N-type MOS tube Q4, a third N-type MOS tube Q5 and a decoupling capacitor C3.
The lower end of the first energy storage device C1 is grounded, and the upper end of the first energy storage device C1 is used for being connected with the output end of the RF-to-DC module RFDC, wherein the input end of the RF-to-DC module RFDC is connected with the radio frequency energy collecting antenna TX and is used for converting radio frequency energy into direct current for outputting; the first energy storage device C1 includes capacitors, batteries, and super capacitor lamps, and should have low leakage current and low self-discharge characteristics. The capacity of the first energy storage device is determined according to the power consumption of the U4 system when the system is started and operated once, in this embodiment, a 100 μ F tantalum capacitor is taken as an example, and the leakage current I isLeakageLess than 10 nA.
The power input pin VIN of the DC/DC conversion chip U2 is connected to the upper end of the first energy storage device C1, so that the first energy storage capacitor C1 is used as the power input of the DC/DC conversion chip. The DC/DC conversion chip U2 has a DC-to-DC conversion function, can be a switching up/down or LDO circuit, has an EN enable control terminal, and should have a very low standby current in the off mode, i.e., have a true off function. It should be noted that the minimum start-up voltage of the DC/DC conversion chip U2 should be less than the threshold voltage of U1, and have a wider input voltage range and higher power conversion efficiency as possible. Here, taking the switch boosting circuit MAX17222 as an example, the current I is turned offShutdownA typical value of 0.5nA, minimum starting voltage 0.88V.
The first voltage monitor chip U1 has an input port VIN and an indication output port
Figure BDA0002293979320000131
The input port VIN is connected to the upper end of the first energy storage device C1, so as to monitor the first energy storage device C1; indication output port
Figure BDA0002293979320000132
And the output circuit is used for outputting a high level when the voltage of the VIN input by the input port is greater than the voltage threshold value, and otherwise, outputting a low level. The first voltage monitoring chip U1 is generally internally composed of a reference voltage source, a resistance voltage dividing network and a voltage comparator, and can continuously monitor the power supply voltage and indicate the port to output high/low levels when a preset voltage threshold is reached. The voltage monitoring circuit should have a certain valueHysteretic characteristics and should have very low quiescent current. The invention takes TPS3839A09 as an example, the static current IMonitor _ U1 has a typical value of 150nA and a voltage threshold value of 0.9V.
The anode connection of the first diode D1 indicates the output port
Figure BDA0002293979320000133
The first diode D1 is used for preventing VIN terminal voltage of U1 from dropping after DC-DC start
Figure BDA0002293979320000134
The output low turns off the DC/DC converter chip U2.
A first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, wherein one end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, the other end is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and is also connected to the enable end of the DC/DC conversion chip U2, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded; the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are used for dividing the voltage output by the first diode D1, and the R1 and R2 voltage division networks can avoid the situation that the voltage monitoring chip U1 is in false start of the DC/DC conversion chip U2 due to subthreshold characteristics under the condition of low-voltage input of less than 0.65V. In this embodiment, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are both 30M Ω.
When VIN is less than 0.65V, the output state of the RST port of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 is unstable (may output a high level) due to the sub-threshold characteristic, and in order to avoid false activation of the DC/DC conversion chip U2, the present invention uses the R1 and R2 voltage division networks to reduce the control voltage of the EN port on the DC/DC conversion chip U2, and other types of networks may also be used to implement the same voltage reduction function.
The first N-type switch Q1 is a MOSFET having a D-pole connected to the one end of the second resistor R2, an S-pole grounded, and a G-pole connected to a high/low output port I/O of a system load chip U4 for switching the switch state under the control of the system load chip U4.
The anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip U2, and the cathode is connected with the enabling end; in this embodiment, a third diode D2 is connected in series between the cathode of the second diode D2 and the enable terminal ENThe resistor R3 may not have R3 in another embodiment of the present invention. D2 and R3 (when present) are used to maintain the EN enable high after the DC/DC converter chip U2 is enabled. Wherein, the R3 has the meaning of dividing the voltage between the output pin VO of the system load chip U4 and the ground according to the power P ═ U2It can be seen that when R3 is present, the power consumed by the two resistors R3+ R2 is less than the power consumed by R2 alone, so R3 can function to reduce power. In the present embodiment, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 are equal and are all 30M Ω, and the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are all 1N 4148.
And one end of the second energy storage device (C2) is grounded, and the other end of the second energy storage device is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2), so that the system load chip U4 can be powered through two capacitors. The lower end of the second energy storage device C2 is grounded, and the upper end is used for connecting the DC/DC conversion chip U2 at the left end, so that the DC/DC conversion chip U2 charges the second energy storage device C2, and the voltage Vin across the second energy storage device C2 gradually increases until the maximum voltage value, that is, the voltage value output by the DC/DC conversion chip U2, is reached. The second energy storage device C2 includes a capacitor, a battery, and a super capacitor. In this embodiment, the second energy storage device C4 is greater than or equal to the first energy storage capacitor C1, and in another embodiment of the present invention, the second energy storage device C4 may be smaller than the first energy storage capacitor C1. The load system chip U4 is a control chip, and includes a DSP, an MCU, and the like, and is specifically MSP430FR5969 in this embodiment.
The S pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device C2, and the D pole is used for connecting a power supply input terminal VCC of a system load chip U4.
The S pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device C2, and the G pole is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2.
A second voltage monitoring chip U3 having an input terminal VIN and an indication output terminal
Figure BDA0002293979320000141
The input terminal of the second voltage monitor chip U3 is connected to the S pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3, and the indication output terminal
Figure BDA0002293979320000142
When the second voltage monitoring chip U3 works normally, when the voltage input by the input terminal VIN is less than the voltage threshold Vth, a low level is output, otherwise, a high level is output, the voltage of the high level is equal to the input voltage on the input terminal VIN, and when the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, the high level is the voltage VIN of the second energy storage device C2; the second voltage monitor chip U3 may employ TPS3831, TPS3839, R3114, R3116.
One end of the pull-up resistor R4 is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device C2, and the other end is connected with the G electrode of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2.
The G pole of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the indication output terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip U3, the D pole is connected to the G pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2, and the S pole is grounded.
A G pole of the third N-type MOS transistor Q5, a G pole of the third N-type MOS transistor Q5 is connected to a D pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2, the D pole is connected to a G pole of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2, and the S pole is grounded.
And one end of the decoupling capacitor C3 is grounded, and the other end of the decoupling capacitor C3 is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube Q2 and is used for being connected with a power supply input end VCC of the system load chip U4. The decoupling capacitor C3 is sized 0.22 muf in this embodiment.
After the system load chip U4 starts running and completes one task, the first high/low level output port I/O1 is controlled to output a high level to change the first N-type switch Q1 from on to off, so that the DC/DC conversion chip U2 is turned off, and a start-up cycle is ended. The energy harvesting process continues and when the voltage of the first energy storage device C1 again reaches the voltage threshold of the first voltage monitor chip U1, the next cycle may be initiated.
Voltage threshold V of the first electrical monitor chipThresholdMinimum starting voltage V of DC/DC conversion chip U2In_StartupShould be as small as possible and should satisfy: vIn_Startup＜VThresholdLess than or equal to 0.9V; leakage current I of first energy storage device C1LeakageQuiescent current I of the first voltage monitor chip U1MonitorAnd the DC/DC conversion chip U2Off current IShutdownThe sum should be as small as possible and should satisfy: i isLeakage+IMonitor+IShutdown≤160nA。
The working principle of the voltage monitoring part is as follows:
(1) the initial state of the G pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 defaults to a low level, so the voltage Vin across the second energy storage device C2 satisfies: when Vin is more than or equal to 0 and less than Vth _ pmos2, the second P-type MOS tube Q3 is disconnected, when Vth _ pmos2 is more than or equal to Vin and less than Vth, the second P-type MOS tube Q3 is connected to indicate that the output of the output terminal is low level, at the moment, the second N-type MOS tube Q4 is disconnected, the first P-type MOS tube Q2 is disconnected under the action of a pull-up resistor R4, therefore, the input voltage of the power supply input terminal VCC is 0V, and the system load chip U4 is not powered and cannot be started; wherein Vth _ pmos2 represents the turn-on threshold voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3;
(2) when Vin is greater than or equal to Vth, the output of the indication output terminal changes to high level, the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 is turned on, and then the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, so that the input voltage of the power input terminal is Vin, at this time, on one hand, the system load chip U4 is started, on the other hand, the G-pole voltage of the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 rises to Vin, and the third N-type MOS transistor Q5 is turned on; the voltage of the G pole of the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 rises to Vin, and the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is disconnected;
(3) after the second P-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned off, the second voltage monitoring chip U3 is powered down, the output of the indication output terminal goes low, for example, zero, and the second N-type MOS transistor Q4 is turned off, but the third N-type MOS transistor Q5 is still turned on, so that the startup operation state of the system load chip U4 can be maintained.
In the present embodiment, the current consumption (without calculating the system load chip and other system loads) after the voltage monitoring part (the circuit between Vin to C3) is started up is mainly: the second voltage monitors the current I _ U3 consumed by the chip U3 and VCC/R4. In this embodiment, the larger the pull-up resistor R4 is, the smaller the power consumed is, so the pull-up resistor R4 should take a larger value in this embodiment, and in this embodiment, R4 takes a value of 10M Ω.
The circuit characteristics of the voltage monitoring section of the present embodiment are: the power supply valve is positioned at a VCC power supply end, so that the integrity of a system ground plane is ensured; after the system is started, Q5 is conducted by VCC, so that Q2 is maintained to be conducted, power is continuously supplied to the system, and digital logic control in system loads is not needed for starting and maintaining; the voltage monitor integrated chip is adopted, so that the integration level is high, the circuit composition is simple, the cost is low, the part of operation power consumption is reduced to the lowest 150nA from uA level (the power consumption of the voltage monitor chip U3, namely I _ U3 when the second voltage monitor chip is not turned off), after the system is started, the power supply of the second voltage monitor chip U3 is turned off through Q3, and the part of current consumption is reduced to VCC/R4 after the system is started.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring capability, comprising:
the first energy storage device (C1), one end of the first energy storage device (C1) is grounded, and the other end of the first energy storage device is used for connecting the output end of the RF-to-DC module (RFDC), wherein the input end of the RF-to-DC module (RFDC) is connected with the radio frequency energy collecting antenna (TX) and is used for converting the radio frequency energy into direct current for outputting;
the power supply input pin of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) is connected with the other end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2);
a first voltage monitoring chip (U1) having an input port connected to the other end of the first energy storage device (C1) and an indication output port for outputting a high level when the voltage inputted from the input port is greater than a voltage threshold value, otherwise outputting a low level;
a first diode (D1) having an anode connected to the indication output port;
a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), wherein one end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with the cathode of the first diode (D1), the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor (R2) and is simultaneously connected with the enabling end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2), and the other end of the second resistor (R2) is grounded; the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are used for dividing the voltage output by the first diode (D1), so that the false start of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) caused by the subthreshold characteristic is avoided;
a first N-type switch tube (Q1), a D pole is connected with the one end of the second resistor (R2), an S pole is grounded, and a G pole is used for being connected with a high/low level output port (I/O) of a system load chip (U4) so as to be controlled by the system load chip (U4) to switch the switch state;
a second diode (D2), the anode is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2), and the cathode is connected with the enabling end;
one end of the second energy storage device (C2) is grounded, and the other end of the second energy storage device is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2);
a first P-type MOS (Q2), the S pole of the first P-type MOS (Q2) is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device (C2), and the D pole is used for connecting a power supply input terminal (VCC) of a system load chip (U4);
a second P-type MOS (Q3), the S pole of the second P-type MOS (Q3) is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device (C2), and the G pole is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS (Q2);
the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) is provided with an input terminal and an indication output terminal, the input terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) is connected with the S pole of the second P-type MOS tube (Q3), the indication output terminal is used for outputting a low level when the voltage input by the input terminal is less than a voltage threshold value Vth when the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) works normally, otherwise, outputting a high level, the voltage of the high level is equal to the input voltage on the input terminal, and the high level is the voltage Vin of the second energy storage device (C2) when the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is conducted;
one end of the pull-up resistor (R4) is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device (C2), and the other end of the pull-up resistor (R4) is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube (Q2);
the D pole of the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4) is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS transistor (Q2), and the S pole of the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4) is grounded;
a first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R5 connected in series between the indication output terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) and the G pole of the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4);
the second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor R6 is connected in series between the D pole of the first P-type MOS transistor (Q2) and the G pole of the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4);
voltage threshold V of the first electrical monitor chipThresholdMinimum starting voltage V with DC/DC conversion chip (U2)In_StartupSatisfies the following conditions: vIn_Startup＜VThresholdLess than or equal to 0.9V; leakage current I of the first energy storage device (C1)LeakageA quiescent current I of the first voltage monitoring chip (U1)MonitorAnd the off-current I of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2)ShutdownSatisfies the following conditions: i isLeakage+IMonitor+IShutdown≤160nA；
The system load chip (U4) starts to operate and controls the high/low level output port (I/O) to output high level after completing one task, so that the first N-type switch tube (Q1) is changed from on to off, and the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) is turned off, and a starting cycle is ended; the energy harvesting process continues, starting the next cycle when the voltage of the first energy storage device (C1) again reaches the voltage threshold of the first voltage monitoring chip (U1).
2. The low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring function of claim 1,
(1) the G pole initial state of the second P type MOS tube (Q3) defaults to low level, so the voltage Vin on the second energy storage device (C2) satisfies the following conditions: when Vin is more than or equal to 0 and less than Vth _ pmos2, the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is disconnected, when Vth _ pmos2 is more than or equal to Vin and less than Vth, the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is connected to indicate that the output of the output terminal is low level, the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) is disconnected, the first P-type MOS tube (Q2) is disconnected under the action of a pull-up resistor (R4), therefore, the input voltage of the power supply input terminal (VCC) is 0V, and a system load chip (U4) is not powered and cannot be started; wherein, Vth _ pmos2 represents the turn-on threshold voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3);
(2) When Vin is more than or equal to Vth, the output of the indication output terminal changes to high level, and the G pole voltage of the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) rises to
Figure FDA0002984890620000031
R5, R6 and
Figure FDA0002984890620000032
the magnitude of the first voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor (R5), the magnitude of the second voltage-dividing current-limiting resistor (R6), and the magnitude of the voltage output by the indication output terminal are in this order, and R5 and R6 are set to satisfy: when the output of the indication output terminal changes to high level, R6 Vin/(R5+ R6) exceeds the minimum on-voltage of the second N-type MOS tube (Q4); at this time, the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4) is turned on, then the first P-type MOS transistor (Q2) is turned on, the system load chip (U4) is started, the voltages of the G-pole of the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4) and the G-pole of the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3) rise to Vin, and the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3) is turned off;
(3) the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) powers down after the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is disconnected, the output of the indication output terminal goes low again, and the G voltage of the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) drops to R5 Vin/(R5+ R6), and R5 and R6 are set to satisfy: when the indication output terminal output changes to low level, R5 Vin/(R6+ R6) exceeds the minimum turn-on voltage of the second N-type MOS tube (Q4); at this time, the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4) is still on, and therefore the startup operation state of the system load chip (U4) can be maintained.
3. The low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring function of claim 2, wherein R5-R6-10M Ω.
4. The low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring function of claim 1,
(1) the G pole initial state of the second P type MOS tube (Q3) defaults to low level, so the voltage Vin on the second energy storage device (C2) satisfies the following conditions: when Vin is more than or equal to 0 and less than Vth _ pmos2, the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is disconnected, when Vth _ pmos2 is more than or equal to Vin and less than Vth, the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is connected to indicate that the output of the output terminal is low level, the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) is disconnected, the first P-type MOS tube (Q2) is disconnected under the action of a pull-up resistor (R4), therefore, the input voltage of the power supply input terminal (VCC) is 0V, and a system load chip (U4) is not powered and cannot be started; wherein, Vth _ pmos2 represents the turn-on threshold voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3);
(2) when Vin is larger than or equal to Vth, the output of the indication output terminal is changed into high level, the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) is conducted, then the first P-type MOS tube (Q2) is conducted, so that the input voltage of the power input terminal is Vin, at the moment, on one hand, a system load chip (U4) is started, on the other hand, the G pole voltage of the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) is increased to Vin, and the third N-type MOS tube (Q5) is conducted; the G pole voltage of the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3) rises to Vin, and the second P-type MOS transistor (Q3) is disconnected;
(3) after the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is disconnected, the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) is powered down, the output of the indication output terminal becomes low level, the second N-type MOS tube (Q4) is disconnected, but the third N-type MOS tube (Q5) is still connected, so that the starting operation state of the system load chip (U4) can be maintained.
5. A low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring capability, comprising:
the first energy storage device (C1), one end of the first energy storage device (C1) is grounded, and the other end of the first energy storage device is used for connecting the output end of the RF-to-DC module (RFDC), wherein the input end of the RF-to-DC module (RFDC) is connected with the radio frequency energy collecting antenna (TX) and is used for converting the radio frequency energy into direct current for outputting;
the power supply input pin of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) is connected with the other end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2);
a first voltage monitoring chip (U1) having an input port connected to the other end of the first energy storage device (C1) and an indication output port for outputting a high level when the voltage inputted from the input port is greater than a voltage threshold value, otherwise outputting a low level;
a first diode (D1) having an anode connected to the indication output port;
a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), wherein one end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with the cathode of the first diode (D1), the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor (R2) and is simultaneously connected with the enabling end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2), and the other end of the second resistor (R2) is grounded; the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are used for dividing the voltage output by the first diode (D1), so that the false start of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) caused by the subthreshold characteristic is avoided;
a first N-type switch tube (Q1), a D pole is connected with the one end of the second resistor (R2), an S pole is grounded, and a G pole is used for being connected with a high/low level output port of a system load chip (U4) to be controlled by the system load chip (U4) to switch the switch state;
a second diode (D2), the anode is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2), and the cathode is connected with the enabling end;
one end of the second energy storage device (C2) is grounded, and the other end of the second energy storage device is connected with the output end of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2);
a first P-type MOS (Q2), the S pole of the first P-type MOS (Q2) is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device (C2), and the D pole is used for connecting a power supply input terminal of a system load chip (U4);
a second P-type MOS (Q3), the S pole of the second P-type MOS (Q3) is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device (C2), and the G pole is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS (Q2);
the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) is provided with an input terminal and an indication output terminal, the input terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) is connected with the S pole of the second P-type MOS tube (Q3), the indication output terminal is used for outputting a low level when the voltage input by the input terminal is less than a voltage threshold value Vth when the second voltage monitoring chip (U3) works normally, otherwise, outputting a high level, the voltage of the high level is equal to the input voltage on the input terminal, and the high level is the voltage Vin of the second energy storage device (C2) when the second P-type MOS tube (Q3) is conducted;
one end of the pull-up resistor (R4) is connected with the other end of the second energy storage device (C2), and the other end of the pull-up resistor (R4) is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube (Q2);
a second N-type MOS transistor (Q4), wherein the G pole of the second N-type MOS transistor (Q4) is connected with the indication output terminal of the second voltage monitoring chip (U3), the D pole is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS transistor (Q2), and the S pole is grounded;
a third N-type MOS tube (Q5), wherein the G pole of the third N-type MOS tube (Q5) is connected with the D pole of the first P-type MOS tube (Q2), the D pole of the third N-type MOS tube is connected with the G pole of the first P-type MOS tube (Q2), and the S pole of the third N-type MOS tube is grounded;
voltage threshold V of the first electrical monitor chipThresholdMinimum starting voltage V with DC/DC conversion chip (U2)In_StartupSatisfies the following conditions: vIn_Startup＜VThresholdLess than or equal to 0.9V; leakage current I of the first energy storage device (C1)LeakageA quiescent current I of the first voltage monitoring chip (U1)MonitorAnd the off-current I of the DC/DC conversion chip (U2)ShutdownSatisfies the following conditions: i isLeakage+IMonitor+IShutdown≤160nA；
The system load chip (U4) starts to operate and controls the high/low level output port (I/O) to output high level after completing one task, so that the first N-type switch tube (Q1) is changed from on to off, and the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) is turned off, and a starting cycle is ended; the energy harvesting process continues, starting the next cycle when the voltage of the first energy storage device (C1) again reaches the voltage threshold of the first voltage monitoring chip (U1).
6. The low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring function according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a third resistor is connected in series between the cathode of the second diode (D2) and the enabling terminal.
7. The micro energy harvesting management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the first energy storage device (C1) is tantalum capacitor, the first voltage monitoring chip (U1) is TPS3839A09, the DC/DC conversion chip (U2) is MAX 17222; the second voltage monitoring chip is TPS3831, TPS3839, R3114 or R3116.
8. The micro energy collection management system with low current start and voltage monitoring function according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the system load chip (U4) is MSP430FR5969, and the first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) are both 1N 4148.
9. The low current enabled micro energy harvesting management system with voltage monitoring function of claim 6, wherein the first resistor (R1), the second resistor (R2) and the third resistor are equal and all 30M Ω.
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