CN111030211A - Battery charging and discharging control method and device, storage medium and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Battery charging and discharging control method and device, storage medium and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111030211A CN111030211A CN201911191840.XA CN201911191840A CN111030211A CN 111030211 A CN111030211 A CN 111030211A CN 201911191840 A CN201911191840 A CN 201911191840A CN 111030211 A CN111030211 A CN 111030211A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a battery charging and discharging control method, a battery charging and discharging control device, a storage medium and an electric automobile, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the process of charging the battery, detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time; if the temperature difference reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or the charging time reaches a first preset time, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or detecting whether a second voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage and/or whether the discharge time of the battery reaches a second preset time in the discharge process of the battery; and if the second voltage is detected to reach the discharge cut-off voltage and/or the discharge time length reaches a second preset time length, controlling the discharge line of the battery to be disconnected. The scheme provided by the invention can judge before the over-charge and over-discharge of the battery of the electric automobile, so that the over-charge and over-discharge of the battery are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of control, in particular to a battery charging and discharging control method and device, a storage medium and an electric automobile.
Background
The vehicle battery is an important component of the electric vehicle, and once the vehicle battery is damaged, the replacement cost is expensive, and the vehicle battery can be self-ignited if the vehicle battery is serious, so that the safety of personnel is endangered. The battery is easily damaged by over-charging and over-discharging, and how to prevent the over-charging and over-discharging of the battery is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides a battery charging/discharging control method, device, storage medium and electric vehicle, so as to solve the problem that the battery is easily damaged by over-charging and over-discharging in the prior art.
The invention provides a battery charge-discharge control method on one hand, which comprises the following steps: detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time in the charging process of the battery; if the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold and/or the charging time reaches the first preset time, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or detecting whether a second voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage and/or whether the discharge time of the battery reaches a second preset time in the discharge process of the battery; and if the second voltage is detected to reach the discharge cut-off voltage and/or the discharge time of the battery reaches the second preset time, controlling the discharge wire of the battery to be disconnected.
Optionally, the first preset time period includes: a time period required for the battery charge amount to reach a first preset percentage of a nominal capacity; and/or the second preset time period comprises: the length of time required for the battery to discharge a second predetermined percentage of the nominal capacity.
Optionally, before detecting whether a temperature difference between a surface temperature of the battery and an ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold, and/or whether a charging duration of the battery reaches a first preset duration, the method further includes: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset charge cut-off voltage or not; and when the first voltage is detected to reach the charge cut-off voltage, converting into constant-voltage charging.
Optionally, the method further comprises: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset peak voltage or not; if the first voltage is detected to reach the peak voltage, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or detecting whether the surface temperature change rate of the battery is greater than a preset change rate threshold value; if the change rate of the surface temperature is detected to be larger than the preset change rate threshold value, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or detecting whether the first voltage at the two ends of the battery is reduced to a preset voltage threshold value; if the first voltage at the two ends of the battery is detected to be reduced to the preset voltage threshold, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery within preset time reaches a preset temperature value or not; if the temperature rise value reaches the preset temperature value, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value, and if so, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a battery charge/discharge control apparatus, including: a detection unit and a control unit; the detection unit is used for detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value or not and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time or not in the charging process of the battery; the control unit is used for controlling the disconnection of a charging wire of the battery to prevent overcharging if the detection unit detects that the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold and/or the charging time reaches the first preset time; and/or the detection unit is used for detecting whether the second voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage and/or whether the discharge time of the battery reaches a second preset time in the discharge process of the battery; and the control unit is used for controlling the discharge line of the battery to be disconnected if the detection unit detects that the second voltage reaches the discharge cut-off voltage and/or the discharge time of the battery reaches the second preset time.
Optionally, the first preset time period includes: a time period required for the battery charge amount to reach a first preset percentage of a nominal capacity; and/or the second preset time period comprises: the length of time required for the battery to discharge a second predetermined percentage of the nominal capacity.
Optionally, the detection unit is further configured to: before detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time, detecting whether first voltages at two ends of the battery reach a preset charging cut-off voltage; the control unit is further configured to: and when the detection unit detects that the first voltage reaches a charge cut-off voltage, converting into constant-voltage charging.
Optionally, the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset peak voltage or not; the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the first voltage reaches the peak voltage, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging; and/or the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether the surface temperature change rate of the battery is larger than a preset change rate threshold value or not; the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the surface temperature change rate is larger than the preset change rate threshold value, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery is reduced to a preset voltage threshold value; the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the first voltage at the two ends of the battery drops to the preset voltage threshold, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery within a third preset time period reaches a preset temperature value or not; the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the temperature rise value reaches the preset temperature value, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging; and/or the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value; the control unit is further configured to: and if the detection unit detects whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
A further aspect of the invention provides a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of any of the methods described above.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any of the methods described above.
In another aspect, the invention provides an electric vehicle, which includes any one of the battery charge and discharge control devices.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the charging and discharging processes of the battery are detected and controlled, and the judgment is carried out before the over-charging and over-discharging of the battery of the electric automobile, so that the over-charging and over-discharging of the battery are prevented.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic method diagram of an embodiment of a battery charging and discharging control method provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 illustrates a charge and discharge system of a battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling charging and discharging of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic charging flow chart of a method for controlling charging and discharging of a battery of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic discharge flow chart of a method for controlling charging and discharging of a battery of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charge and discharge control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a method for controlling charging and discharging of an electric vehicle battery. The method can be used in the MCU of the electric automobile.
Fig. 2 shows a charging and discharging system of a battery according to the present invention, which mainly includes five parts: the device comprises a charging power supply, an electric automobile battery, an external load, a detection device and an MCU.
The charging power supply can be direct current or alternating current and is responsible for charging the battery; the battery is a chargeable and dischargeable battery; the external load is a power consumption load on the electric automobile; the detection device is used for collecting the voltage at two ends of the battery, the surface temperature of the battery and/or the ambient temperature. The MCU is responsible for calculating the physical quantity of gathering on the one hand and obtains being used for carrying out logic protection parameter, including: peak voltage, rate of change of temperature, temperature difference between battery surface temperature and ambient temperature, hysteresis voltage, amount of battery surface temperature rise, battery charge time, and/or battery SOC (state of charge); and on the other hand, the charging power circuit and the external load circuit are controlled in real time through a charging and discharging logic protection process.
Fig. 1 is a schematic method diagram of a battery charging and discharging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery charge and discharge control method includes at least steps S110 and S120.
Step S110, in the process of charging the battery, detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value, and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time.
And step S120, if the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold and/or the charging time reaches the first preset time, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, the preset temperature threshold may be an empirical threshold of a difference between a battery surface temperature detected through experiments and an ambient temperature. During normal charging, the difference value between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is within a reasonable threshold range, and once the temperature difference value between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is detected to be larger than an empirical threshold, the charging line is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
The first predetermined period of time comprises a period of time required for the battery to reach a first predetermined percentage of a nominal capacity. For example, the time t1 required for charging the battery to 130% of the nominal capacity is set as the first preset time period, and when the charging time period reaches t1, overcharge may occur while the charging is continued, so that it is necessary to control the disconnection of the charging wire by the MCU at this time to prevent overcharge.
Step S130, in the discharging process of the battery, detecting whether a second voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset discharging cut-off voltage and/or whether a discharging duration of the battery reaches a second preset duration.
Step S140, if it is detected that the second voltage reaches the discharge cut-off voltage and/or the discharge duration of the battery reaches the second preset duration, controlling the discharge line of the battery to be disconnected.
Specifically, during the discharge process of the battery, if the voltage at two ends of the battery is detected to reach the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery, the discharge line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected, and the discharge is stopped. Whether the charging power supply or the external load is connected with a relay, whether charging and discharging are stopped or not is controlled, and discharging can be stopped by disconnecting the relay.
The second preset duration includes: the length of time required for the battery to discharge a second predetermined percentage of the nominal capacity. For example, the time t2 required by the battery to discharge 100% of the nominal capacity is set as a second preset time length, the time is counted in the discharging process, and when the discharging time length reaches t2, the discharging is stopped, and the protection is carried out.
Fig. 3 is a schematic method diagram of another embodiment of the battery charging and discharging control method provided by the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the battery charge and discharge control method further includes step S102 and step S104.
Step S102, detecting whether the first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage.
And step S104, when the first voltage reaches the charge cut-off voltage, converting into constant voltage charging.
Specifically, when the battery is charged, the voltages at the two ends of the battery are detected in real time, and when the voltages at the two ends of the battery reach a charge cut-off voltage, the constant-voltage charging is changed. After the constant voltage charging is changed, other detection steps are carried out to carry out charging protection.
Optionally, the method according to any of the above embodiments further includes: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset peak voltage or not; and if the first voltage is detected to reach the peak voltage, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, the peak voltage may specifically be a maximum peak voltage of the battery. And in the battery charging process, detecting whether the voltages at the two ends of the battery reach peak voltages, and if the voltages at the two ends of the battery are detected to be larger than the maximum peak voltage provided by a battery manufacturer, controlling to disconnect the charging wire to prevent overcharging.
Optionally, the method according to any of the above embodiments further includes: detecting whether the surface temperature change rate of the battery is larger than a preset change rate threshold value or not; and if the change rate of the surface temperature is detected to be greater than the preset change rate threshold value, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, during charging, the chemical reaction inside the battery is strong, so that the surface temperature of the battery changes along with time, during normal charging, the temperature change rate is in a proper range, and if the surface temperature change rate of the battery is found to be larger than an empirical threshold (a preset change rate threshold) in a short time during charging, the charging line is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
Optionally, the method according to any of the above embodiments further includes: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery is reduced to a preset voltage threshold value; and if the first voltage at the two ends of the battery is detected to be reduced to the preset voltage threshold, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, after the battery is charged to the charging termination voltage, the voltage across the battery may drop to a certain value (preset voltage threshold), i.e. hysteresis effect, and if this phenomenon is found to occur during the charging process, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line to prevent overcharge.
Optionally, the method according to any of the above embodiments further includes: detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery in preset time reaches a preset temperature value or not; and if the temperature rise value reaches the preset temperature value, controlling the disconnection of a charging wire of the battery to prevent overcharging.
The temperature of the battery is gradually increased in the charging process, high-temperature charging should be avoided in consideration of the safety and characteristics of the battery, if the temperature of the battery rises by a preset temperature value T degree within a period of time (within a preset time) in the charging process, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line for protection, and the preset temperature value T may be, for example, the maximum temperature increase value that can be allowed for charging the battery tested before the battery leaves a factory.
Optionally, the method according to any of the above embodiments further includes: and detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value, and if so, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
The real-time state of charge (SOC) of the battery can indirectly reflect the internal energy state of the battery, the larger the SOC is, the larger the internal energy is, the smaller the allowable charging energy is, in the charging process, the SOC of the battery is estimated in real time through an SOC estimation algorithm, and when the SOC reaches a preset threshold value (for example, 90%), the MCU controls the charging line to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
For clarity of the technical solution of the present invention, the following describes a battery charging control execution flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic charging flow diagram of a method for controlling charging and discharging of a battery of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The MCU judges whether the battery is overcharged according to the following flow logic sequence, and directly controls the charging power supply circuit and the load circuit to cut off the charging or discharging circuit once the protection logic condition is met. The embodiment shown in fig. 3 includes steps S201 to S208.
Step S201, during charging, the voltage at two ends of the battery is detected in real time, and when the voltage at two ends of the battery reaches the charging cut-off voltage, constant voltage charging is carried out.
Step S202, whether the voltage at the two ends of the battery reaches the peak voltage is detected, if the voltage at the two ends of the battery is detected to be larger than the maximum peak voltage provided by a battery manufacturer, the MCU controls the disconnection of the charging wire to prevent overcharging, otherwise, the further judgment of the step S203 is carried out.
Step S203, detecting whether the change rate of the surface temperature of the battery is larger than a preset change rate threshold value, if so, controlling the disconnection of a charging wire by the MCU to prevent overcharging. During charging, the chemical reaction inside the battery is strong, so that the surface temperature of the battery changes along with time, during normal charging, the temperature change rate is in a proper range, if the surface temperature change rate of the battery is found to be larger than an experience threshold (a preset change rate threshold) within a short time during charging, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line to prevent overcharging, otherwise, the further judgment of the step S204 is carried out.
Step S204, detecting whether the difference value between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value, if so, controlling the disconnection of a charging wire by the MCU to prevent overcharging. During normal charging, the difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is within a reasonable threshold, if the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is detected to be greater than an empirical threshold, the MCU controls the disconnection of the charging wire to prevent overcharge, otherwise, the further judgment of the step S205 is carried out.
Step S205, detecting whether the voltage at two ends of the battery generates a hysteresis effect, if so, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging wire to prevent overcharging. After the battery reaches the charging termination voltage, the voltage at the two ends of the battery will drop to a certain value, i.e. a hysteresis effect, if this phenomenon is found to occur in the charging process, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line to prevent overcharging, otherwise, the further determination of step S206 is performed.
And step S206, judging whether the charging time reaches a preset time period t1, if so, controlling the charging wire to be disconnected by the MCU to prevent overcharging. For example, the time required for charging the battery to 130% of the nominal capacity is set as the preset time period t1, when the charging time period reaches t1, overcharge may occur during continuous charging, so that it is necessary to turn off the charging line through MCU control at this time, otherwise, the determination of step S207 is performed.
And step S207, detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery within the preset time reaches a preset temperature value, if so, controlling the disconnection of a charging wire by the MCU to prevent overcharging. The temperature of the battery is gradually increased in the charging process, high-temperature charging should be avoided in consideration of the safety and characteristics of the battery, if the temperature of the battery is increased by a preset temperature value T degree within a period of time (within a third preset time) in the charging process, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line for protection, wherein the preset temperature value T can be, for example, the maximum temperature increase value allowed by charging of the battery tested before the battery leaves a factory; otherwise, a further determination is made in step S208.
And step S208, detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset percentage, and if so, controlling the charging wire to be disconnected by the MCU to prevent overcharging. The real-time SOC (state of charge) of the battery can indirectly reflect the internal energy state of the battery, the larger the SOC is, the larger the internal energy is, the smaller the allowable charging energy is, in the charging process, the SOC of the battery is estimated in real time through an SOC estimation algorithm, when the SOC reaches a preset threshold value (for example, 90%), the MCU controls the charging line to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging, and otherwise, the battery is in a normal charging state and does not need protection.
Fig. 5 is a schematic discharge flow diagram of a method for controlling charging and discharging of a battery of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The MCU judges the battery discharging process according to the flow logic sequence, and directly controls the charging power supply circuit and the load circuit to cut off the discharging circuit once the protection logic condition is met. The embodiment shown in fig. 5 includes steps S301 to S305.
In step S301, during the discharging process of the battery, the battery related information is detected.
Step S302, detecting whether the voltage across the battery reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage, if so, the battery may be over-discharged, and executing step S305 to disconnect the discharge line.
Specifically, if it is detected that the voltage across the battery reaches the lower limit cut-off voltage provided by the battery manufacturer, the process proceeds to step S305 to stop the discharge, and otherwise, the process proceeds to step S303 to make a further determination.
Step S303, determining whether the battery discharge reaches t2, if yes, the battery may be over-discharged, and disconnecting the discharge line.
Specifically, the time required for discharging the battery to 100% of the nominal capacity is set as the discharge cut-off voltage, the time is counted during the discharge process, and when the discharge time length reaches t2, the discharge is stopped for protection.
In step S304, if none of the above conditions is satisfied, it indicates that the battery is normally discharged.
In step S305, the battery may be over-discharged, and the discharge line is disconnected to stop discharging.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charge and discharge control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the battery charge and discharge control apparatus 100 includes a detection unit 110 and a control unit 120.
In the battery charging process, the detection unit 110 is configured to detect whether a temperature difference between a surface temperature of the battery and an ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold, and/or whether a charging duration of the battery reaches a first preset duration; the control unit 120 is configured to control the charging line of the battery to be disconnected to prevent overcharge if the detection unit 110 detects that the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold and/or the charging duration reaches the first preset duration.
Specifically, the preset temperature threshold may be an empirical threshold of a difference between a battery surface temperature detected through experiments and an ambient temperature. During normal charging, the difference value between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is within a reasonable threshold range, and once the temperature difference value between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature is detected to be larger than an empirical threshold, the charging line is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
The first predetermined period of time comprises a period of time required for the battery to reach a first predetermined percentage of a nominal capacity. For example, the time t1 required for charging the battery to 130% of the nominal capacity is set as the first preset time period, and when the charging time period reaches t1, overcharge may occur while the charging is continued, so that it is necessary to control the disconnection of the charging wire by the MCU at this time to prevent overcharge.
In the discharging process of the battery, the detecting unit 110 is configured to detect whether a second voltage across the battery reaches a preset discharging cut-off voltage and/or whether a discharging duration of the battery reaches a second preset duration; the control unit 120 is configured to control the discharging line of the battery to be disconnected if the detection unit detects that the second voltage reaches the discharging cut-off voltage and/or the discharging duration of the battery reaches the second preset duration.
Specifically, during the discharge process of the battery, if the voltage at two ends of the battery is detected to reach the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery, the discharge line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected, and the discharge is stopped. Whether the charging power supply or the external load is connected with a relay, whether charging and discharging are stopped or not is controlled, and discharging can be stopped by disconnecting the relay.
The second preset duration includes: the length of time required for the battery to discharge a second predetermined percentage of the nominal capacity. For example, the time t2 required by the battery to discharge 100% of the nominal capacity is set as a second preset time length, the time is counted in the discharging process, and when the discharging time length reaches t2, the discharging is stopped, and the protection is carried out.
Optionally, the detection unit 110 is further configured to: before detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time, detecting whether first voltages at two ends of the battery reach a preset charging cut-off voltage; the control unit 120 is further configured to: and when the detection unit detects that the first voltage reaches a charge cut-off voltage, converting into constant-voltage charging.
Specifically, when the battery is charged, the voltages at the two ends of the battery are detected in real time, and when the voltages at the two ends of the battery reach a charge cut-off voltage, the constant-voltage charging is changed. After the constant voltage charging is changed, other detection steps are carried out to carry out charging protection.
Optionally, the detection unit 110 is further configured to: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset peak voltage or not; the control unit 120 is further configured to: if the detecting unit 110 detects that the first voltage reaches the peak voltage, the charging line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, the peak voltage may specifically be a maximum peak voltage of the battery. And in the battery charging process, detecting whether the voltages at the two ends of the battery reach peak voltages, and if the voltages at the two ends of the battery are detected to be larger than the maximum peak voltage provided by a battery manufacturer, controlling to disconnect the charging wire to prevent overcharging.
Optionally, the detection unit 110 is further configured to: detecting whether the surface temperature change rate of the battery is larger than a preset change rate threshold value or not; the control unit 120 is further configured to: if the detection unit 110 detects that the surface temperature change rate is greater than the preset change rate threshold, the charging line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, during charging, the chemical reaction inside the battery is strong, so that the surface temperature of the battery changes along with time, during normal charging, the temperature change rate is in a proper range, and if the surface temperature change rate of the battery is found to be larger than an empirical threshold (a preset change rate threshold) in a short time during charging, the charging line is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
Optionally, the detection unit 110 is further configured to: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery is reduced to a preset voltage threshold value; the control unit 120 is further configured to: if the detecting unit 110 detects that the first voltage across the battery drops to the preset voltage threshold, the charging line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
Specifically, after the battery is charged to the charging termination voltage, the voltage across the battery may drop to a certain value (preset voltage threshold), and if this phenomenon is found to occur during the charging process, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line to prevent overcharging.
Optionally, the detection unit 110 is further configured to: detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery in preset time reaches a preset temperature value or not; the control unit 120 is further configured to: if the detection unit 110 detects that the temperature increase value reaches the preset temperature value, the charging line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
The temperature of the battery is gradually increased in the charging process, high-temperature charging should be avoided in consideration of the safety and characteristics of the battery, if the temperature of the battery rises by a preset temperature value T degree within a period of time (within a preset time) in the charging process, the MCU controls to disconnect the charging line for protection, and the preset temperature value T may be, for example, the maximum temperature increase value that can be allowed for charging the battery tested before the battery leaves a factory.
Optionally, the detection unit 110 is further configured to: detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold, the control unit 120 is further configured to: if the detection unit 110 detects whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold, the charging line of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging.
The real-time state of charge (SOC) of the battery can indirectly reflect the internal energy state of the battery, the larger the SOC is, the larger the internal energy is, the smaller the allowable charging energy is, in the charging process, the SOC of the battery is estimated in real time through an SOC estimation algorithm, and when the SOC reaches a preset threshold value (for example, 90%), the MCU controls the charging line to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
The invention also provides a storage medium corresponding to the battery charge-discharge control method, and a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of any of the methods.
The invention also provides an electric vehicle corresponding to the battery charging and discharging control method, which comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of any one of the methods when executing the program.
The invention also provides an electric automobile corresponding to the battery charge and discharge control device, which comprises any one of the battery charge and discharge control devices.
Therefore, according to the scheme provided by the invention, the charging and discharging processes of the battery are detected and controlled, and the judgment is carried out before the over-charging and over-discharging of the battery of the electric automobile, so that the over-charging and over-discharging of the battery are prevented.
The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the invention and the following claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or a combination of any of these. In addition, each functional unit may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts serving as the control device may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A battery charge-discharge control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time in the charging process of the battery;
if the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold and/or the charging time reaches the first preset time, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the discharging process of the battery, detecting whether a second voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset discharging cut-off voltage and/or whether the discharging time of the battery reaches a second preset time;
and if the second voltage is detected to reach the discharge cut-off voltage and/or the discharge time of the battery reaches the second preset time, controlling the discharge wire of the battery to be disconnected.
2. The method of claim 1,
the first preset duration includes: a time period required for the battery charge amount to reach a first preset percentage of a nominal capacity; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the second preset duration includes: the length of time required for the battery to discharge a second predetermined percentage of the nominal capacity.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, before detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time, further comprising:
detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset charge cut-off voltage or not;
and when the first voltage is detected to reach the charge cut-off voltage, converting into constant-voltage charging.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising:
detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset peak voltage or not;
if the first voltage is detected to reach the peak voltage, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
detecting whether the surface temperature change rate of the battery is larger than a preset change rate threshold value or not;
if the change rate of the surface temperature is detected to be larger than the preset change rate threshold value, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery is reduced to a preset voltage threshold value;
if the first voltage at the two ends of the battery is detected to be reduced to the preset voltage threshold, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery in preset time reaches a preset temperature value or not;
if the temperature rise value reaches the preset temperature value, controlling a charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value, and if so, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
5. A battery charge/discharge control device, comprising: a detection unit and a control unit;
the detection unit is used for detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value or not and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time or not in the charging process of the battery;
the control unit is used for controlling the disconnection of a charging wire of the battery to prevent overcharging if the detection unit detects that the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold and/or the charging time reaches the first preset time;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection unit is used for detecting whether second voltages at two ends of the battery reach a preset discharge cut-off voltage and/or whether the discharge time of the battery reaches a second preset time in the discharge process of the battery;
and the control unit is used for controlling the discharge line of the battery to be disconnected if the detection unit detects that the second voltage reaches the discharge cut-off voltage and/or the discharge time of the battery reaches the second preset time.
6. The apparatus of claim 5,
the first preset duration includes: a time period required for the battery charge amount to reach a first preset percentage of a nominal capacity; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the second preset duration includes: the length of time required for the battery to discharge a second predetermined percentage of the nominal capacity.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6,
the detection unit is further configured to: before detecting whether the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold value and/or whether the charging time of the battery reaches a first preset time, detecting whether first voltages at two ends of the battery reach a preset charging cut-off voltage;
the control unit is further configured to: and when the detection unit detects that the first voltage reaches a charge cut-off voltage, converting into constant-voltage charging.
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery reaches a preset peak voltage or not;
the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the first voltage reaches the peak voltage, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether the surface temperature change rate of the battery is larger than a preset change rate threshold value or not;
the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the surface temperature change rate is larger than the preset change rate threshold value, controlling the charging wire of the battery to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether a first voltage at two ends of the battery is reduced to a preset voltage threshold value;
the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the first voltage at the two ends of the battery drops to the preset voltage threshold, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether the temperature rise value of the surface temperature of the battery within a third preset time period reaches a preset temperature value or not;
the control unit is further configured to: if the detection unit detects that the temperature rise value reaches the preset temperature value, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection unit is further configured to: detecting whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value; the control unit is further configured to: and if the detection unit detects whether the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value, the charging wire of the battery is controlled to be disconnected so as to prevent overcharging.
9. A storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. An electric vehicle comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 4 when executing the program, or comprising the charge and discharge control apparatus of any of claims 5 to 8.
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Application publication date: 20200417 |