CN111029526A - Preparation method of porous positive pole piece for lithium-sulfur battery and product thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous positive pole piece for lithium-sulfur battery and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous positive pole piece for a lithium-sulfur battery and a product thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the sulfur-carbon composite material, the conductive agent and the binder, dispersing the mixture into a solvent, and uniformly stirring to prepare slurry 1; adding ammonium bicarbonate into the slurry 1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry 2; uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil, and then drying to obtain a porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery; in the drying process, because the ammonium bicarbonate is heated and decomposed, the positive pole piece has rich pore structures, and the use of the porous positive pole piece can play a role in improving the liquid retention capacity of the battery and containing polysulfide, so that the lithium-sulfur battery has good cycle performance; the preparation method of the porous pole piece is simple, is easy to realize large-scale production, and is beneficial to promoting the commercial application of the lithium-sulfur battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy materials and device preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a porous positive pole piece for a lithium-sulfur battery and a product of the porous positive pole piece.
Background
Lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the secondary batteries having development potential and application prospects. The specific capacity and the energy density of the lithium-sulfur battery are 1675mAh/g and 2600Wh/Kg respectively. In addition, the elemental sulfur is used as the anode active material, and has the characteristics of abundant reserves, low cost and environmental friendliness.
However, the lithium-sulfur battery has the disadvantages that elemental sulfur has poor conductivity, and polysulfide as an intermediate product is easily dissolved in electrolyte. For this reason, in recent years, the academic world has invested a lot of research to solve the problems of the lithium sulfur battery. In the aspect of structural design of the anode material, the purposes of inhibiting shuttle effect and improving conductivity are achieved by introducing carbon materials such as porous carbon, graphene and carbon nano tubes. In addition, researchers also design carrier materials with novel structures, such as core-shell structures and hollow nanotube structures, so that polysulfide can be stored conveniently, and loss of active substances is reduced. In terms of membrane modification, by designing the membrane to block polysulfide shuttling, for example, a metal oxide, polymer is uniformly coated on the membrane. In the aspect of negative electrode protection, the generation of lithium dendrite is reduced by developing a novel lithium alloy negative electrode, and the cycle performance of the lithium-sulfur battery is improved. In addition, there has been work on electrolytes to reduce polysulfide dissolution in the electrolyte by optimizing the electrolyte formulation. In summary, in order to improve the cycle performance of lithium-sulfur batteries, researchers have conducted related studies on the four major components of the batteries (positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator). However, when the lithium-sulfur battery really goes from laboratory power-down to industrial pouch battery, the problem of poor electrochemical performance still exists.
In conclusion, aiming at the manufacture of the lithium-sulfur soft package battery, a porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, which has good cycle performance, excellent electrochemical performance and simple preparation scheme, is to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a porous positive pole piece capable of effectively adsorbing polysulfide and improving the liquid retention of electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery so as to improve the cycle performance of the lithium-sulfur battery.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the preparation method of the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the sulfur-carbon composite material, the conductive agent and the binder, dispersing the mixture into a solvent, and uniformly stirring to prepare slurry 1;
(2) adding ammonium bicarbonate into the slurry 1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry 2;
(3) and uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil, and then drying to obtain the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass fraction of sulfur in the sulfur-carbon composite material is 70-75%. The sulfur-carbon composite material is prepared from carbon and sulfur by a melting method, a solvent hot dipping method, a precipitation method and the like. The sulfur-carbon composite material is a raw material of a common positive plate of the lithium-sulfur battery.
Preferably, in the step (1), the conductive agent includes at least one of conductive carbon black, acetylene black and vapor grown carbon fiber. Conductive carbon black, acetylene black and vapor grown carbon fiber are common conductive agents, and the type and mass ratio of the conductive agents can be adjusted adaptively according to the prior art.
Preferably, in the step (1), the binder includes at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber. Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber are common binders, and the types and mass ratio of the binders can be adjusted adaptively according to the prior art.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the sulfur-carbon composite material to the conductive agent to the binder is 86-89: 4-1: 10.
Preferably, in the step (1), the solvent is water or N-methyl pyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 2: 7-9.
Preferably, in step (2), free ammonia (NH) is present in the ammonium bicarbonate3) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 20-22%, and the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 1-6: 1. The ammonium bicarbonate can be dissolved in water, has unstable property, can be decomposed into carbon dioxide, ammonia and water at a temperature of above 36 ℃, can be completely decomposed at a temperature of 60 ℃, has hygroscopicity, and can be decomposed quickly after deliquescence. Therefore, NH in ammonium bicarbonate used in the present invention3The mass fraction of (A) is 20-22%. Because ammonium bicarbonate is heated and decomposed, ammonium bicarbonate is added in the second step, and therefore the positive pole piece has a rich pore structure, the use of the porous positive pole piece can play a role in improving the liquid retention capacity of the battery and containing polysulfide, and the lithium-sulfur battery further has good cycle performance.
Preferably, in the step (3), the thickness of the aluminum foil is 15 to 30 μm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 20-24 hours. The ammonium bicarbonate is decomposed by drying, so that abundant hole structures are generated on the surface of the pole piece, the electrolyte is favorably and fully infiltrated, enough electrolyte can be contained, polysulfide can be adsorbed and stored by the porous structure, the shuttle effect is further inhibited, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved. The drying time and the drying temperature can be adjusted adaptively according to the thickness of the aluminum foil and the addition amount of ammonium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery is 40-60 μm. The specific pore size is related to the amount of each raw material in the slurry 1, the addition amount of ammonium bicarbonate, the thickness of aluminum foil, drying time, drying temperature and other parameters, and the battery made of the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery has better cycle performance within the pore size range.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the positive pole piece of the lithium-sulfur battery prepared by the invention has abundant hole structures, and can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur battery;
2. according to the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, the surface of the pole piece is provided with abundant hole structures, the holes are beneficial to full infiltration of electrolyte and can contain enough electrolyte, and the porous structures can adsorb and store polysulfide so as to inhibit shuttle effect and improve the cycle performance of the battery;
3. the preparation method of the invention has simple operation, easy mass production and high production benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the porous positive electrode sheet obtained in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a cycle curve for a lithium sulfur battery assembled with the porous positive electrode sheet of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a common positive electrode.
Fig. 4 is a cycle curve of a lithium sulfur battery assembled with a common positive electrode tab of comparative example 2.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the porous positive electrode sheet obtained in example 3.
Fig. 6 is a cycle curve for a lithium sulfur battery assembled with the porous positive electrode sheet of example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 75%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction is 22%), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 2:1, and stirring is continued to obtain uniformly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thus obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture of the porous positive pole piece is 40 mu m, and the scanning electron microscope picture of the porous positive pole piece is shown in figure 1.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1201mAh/g, the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 762mAh/g, and the cycle curve is shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 75%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 1 on an aluminum foil, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the common positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein a scanning electron microscope picture of the common positive pole piece is shown in figure 3.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and stamping the dried common positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1211mAh/g, the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 588mAh/g, and the cycle curve is shown in figure 4.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (75% of sulfur by mass), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to a mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 22 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 6:1, and the mixture is continuously stirred to obtain evenly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture is 80 mu m.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1C, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1208mAh/g, and the discharge capacity is 651mAh/g after 100 cycles.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 75%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 22 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 1:1, and the mixture is continuously stirred to obtain evenly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thus obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture of the porous positive pole piece is 10 mu m, and a scanning electron microscope picture of the porous positive pole piece is shown in figure 5.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1209mAh/g, the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 692mAh/g, and the cycle curve is shown in figure 6.
Example 4
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 75%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 22 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 3:1,continuously stirring to obtain uniformly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture is 50 mu m.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1210mAh/g, and the discharge capacity is 689mAh/g after 100 cycles.
Example 5
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 75%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 20 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 4:1, and the mixture is continuously stirred to obtain evenly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture is 60 mu m.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1C, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1118mAh/g, and the discharge capacity is 675mAh/g after 100 cycles.
Example 6
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 75%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 88:2:10, then dispersing into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 20 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 5:1, and the mixture is continuously stirred to obtain evenly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture is 60 mu m.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1110mAh/g, and the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 672 mAh/g.
Example 7
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 70%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 86:4:10, then dispersing into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 22 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 2:1, and the mixture is continuously stirred to obtain evenly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture is 40 mu m.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1205mAh/g, and the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 675 mAh/g.
Example 8
(1) Uniformly mixing a sulfur-carbon composite material (the mass fraction of sulfur is 70%), SP (conductive carbon black) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to a mass ratio of 89:1:10, then dispersing into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, stirring, and obtaining slurry 1 after uniform dispersion;
(2) ammonium bicarbonate (free ammonia (NH)) was added to slurry 13) The mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate is 22 percent), the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 2:1, and the mixture is continuously stirred to obtain evenly dispersed slurry 2;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 30 mu m, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to decompose ammonium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery, wherein the aperture is 40 mu m.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: and punching the dried porous positive pole piece into a circular electrode piece with the diameter of 15 mm. And then, assembling the CR2032 button cell in a glove box filled with argon by using the modified pole piece as a positive electrode and a metal lithium piece as a negative electrode. And finally, performing constant current charge and discharge test at room temperature by using a blue tester at 0.1 ℃, wherein the first discharge specific capacity is 1206mAh/g, and the discharge capacity is 676mAh/g after 100 cycles.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a porous positive pole piece for a lithium-sulfur battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the sulfur-carbon composite material, the conductive agent and the binder, dispersing the mixture into a solvent, and uniformly stirring to prepare slurry 1;
(2) adding ammonium bicarbonate into the slurry 1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry 2;
(3) and uniformly coating the slurry 2 on an aluminum foil, and then drying to obtain the porous positive pole piece for the lithium-sulfur battery.
2. The preparation method of the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass fraction of sulfur in the sulfur-carbon composite material is 70-75%.
3. The method for preparing the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the conductive agent comprises at least one of conductive carbon black, acetylene black and vapor grown carbon fiber.
4. The method for preparing the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the binder comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber.
5. The preparation method of the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the sulfur-carbon composite material to the conductive agent to the binder is 86-89: 4-1: 10.
6. The preparation method of the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the solvent is water or N-methylpyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 2: 7-9.
7. The preparation method of the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass fraction of free ammonia in the ammonium bicarbonate is 20-22%, and the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the sulfur-carbon composite material is 1-6: 1.
8. The method for preparing the porous positive electrode sheet for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the thickness of the aluminum foil is 15 to 30 μm.
9. The preparation method of the porous positive electrode plate for the lithium-sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the drying time is 20-24 hours.
10. The porous positive electrode sheet for the lithium-sulfur battery prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pore diameter of the porous positive electrode sheet for the lithium-sulfur battery is 40 to 60 μm.
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CN113948678A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-01-18 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Preparation method of porous high-capacity electrode for lithium-sulfur battery |
CN113948678B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-09-26 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Preparation method of porous high-load electrode for lithium-sulfur battery |
CN113809332A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-17 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Composite binder for lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode, lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode and preparation method of composite binder |
CN113903920A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery slurry, slurry prepared by preparation method and pole piece |
CN113903920B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-06-30 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery slurry, slurry prepared by preparation method and pole piece |
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